Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by weakened bones prone to fractures, especially affecting seniors and women due to lower bone mass. Key risk factors include age, lack of exercise, and hormonal changes, while common symptoms may include backache and fractures. Diagnosis typically involves bone mineral density tests, and treatments range from medications to lifestyle changes and exercise recommendations.

1. Osteoporosis

2. What is Osteoporosis?
 Osteoporosis is a bone disease where parts of the
bone become weak and prone to fracture. This
condition is more common in seniors, but can affect
men and women of all ages. Because women have
30% less bone mass than men, women are
particularly prone to osteoporosis as they age.
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3. Causes
The biggest risk factor for
osteoporosis is age. As people grow
older, the body goes through the
process of breaking down old bone
and growing new bone in its place.
 drop in estrogen after menopause
 family history and body type
 lifestyle factors and health
conditions
 lack of exercise
 lack of calcium
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4. What Are the Symptoms of
Osteoporosis?
A person is often not aware that
he or she has osteoporosis until
a fracture occurs. But there are
occasionally symptoms of the
disorder. They could include:
 Backache
 A gradual loss of height and
an accompanying stooped
posture
 Fractures of the spine, wrist,
or hip
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5. Types of Osteoporosis
 Juvenile Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis rarely affects
children. But when it does, it’s
usually due to a medical condition
or medication. It’s a significant
problem because it occurs during
the child’s prime bone-building
years. Those rare cases are called
juvenile osteoporosis.
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6. Diagnosis
 What Is Bone Mineral
Density?
Almost 80% of bone density is
determined by heredity, and
20% by lifestyle. Bone mineral
density tests (BMD) shows how
dense bones are and whether
you have osteoporosis.
 Peak Bone Mass
Around age 30, your bones
reach their maximum strength
and density, known as peak
bone mass.
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7. Tests
 DEXA Scan (Dual X-ray
Absorptiometry)
The most common osteoporosis
test is dual X-ray absorptiometry --
also called DXA or DEXA. It
measures people’s spine, hip, or
total body bone density to help
gauge fracture risk.
 Beyond DEXA: Other Bone
Mineral Density Tests
Various methods can check bone
density, including ultrasound and
quantitative computed tomography
(QCT). Bone density scores and
cost may vary by testing method.
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8. Tests
 Who Should Get Bone
Density Testing?
Bone density normally drops with
age.
 Blood Test Markers
Whether you're being screened or
treated for osteoporosis, your
doctor may order a blood or urine
test to see the metabolism of
bone. This provides clues to the
progression of your disease.
 Bone Densitometry
Bone densitometry is a test like an
X-ray that quickly and accurately
measures the density of bone.
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9. Treatment
 Osteoporosis Medications
Osteoporosis treatments come in
several forms. Many should be started
during childhood; others include
prescription drugs to treat
osteoporosis.
 Osteopenia Lifestyle
Treatments
Osteopenia is a term used to describe
bone density that is somewhat lower
than normal but not low enough to be
diagnosed as osteoporosis.
 Osteoporosis Exercise
Weight-bearing exercise is often an
option for osteoporosis patients, and it
might even help your bones, as this
article explains. Check with your
doctor before starting a new fitness
program.
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10. Treatment
 Strontium Treatment for
Osteoporosis
If you are concerned about the bone-thinning
disease osteoporosis, one
treatment you may have heard of and
considered is strontium.
 Selective Estrogen Receptor
Modulators (SERMs)
Raloxifene (Evista) belongs to a class
of drugs called selective estrogen
receptor modulators (SERMs). It is
FDA-approved for the prevention and
treatment of osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women.
 Forteo for Osteoporosis
Teriparatide (Forteo) is self-injected
into the skin. Because long-term safety
is not yet established, it is only FDA-approved
for 24 months of use.
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