Mycophenolate mofetil, also known as MMF or CellCept, is a prodrug of mycophenolic acid.
It is an immunosuppressant drug combined with drugs such as Cyclosporine.
Mycophenolate mofetil, also known as MMF or CellCept, is a prodrug of mycophenolic acid.
It is an immunosuppressant drug combined with drugs such as Cyclosporine.
Drug interaction final edition -- animatedAhmed Omar
this is a lecture of " drug interactions " , shows:
-definitions
-types
-mechanisms
-high risk people
-how to handle a drug interaction
-resources
-online app.
...........
hope u enjoy the lecture :)
Drug interaction final edition -- animatedAhmed Omar
this is a lecture of " drug interactions " , shows:
-definitions
-types
-mechanisms
-high risk people
-how to handle a drug interaction
-resources
-online app.
...........
hope u enjoy the lecture :)
Here is a concise and conceptual view of Drug Addiction,explaining how physiologically and psychologically a person become addict,also what are the chemical changes in which part of brain responsible for addiction.
Addiction is the disease of the brain. it is believed that it can't be cured and it only depart taking life of the addicted. But addicts can recover no one is hopeless.
#drug Addiction #drug Abuse #overcome addiction
This is a drugs presentation for year 8 students who are learning about drugs and their effects of humans, this is being used as part of a PSHE course.
Digital marketing is marketing that makes use of electronic devices such as computers, tablets, smartphones, cellphones, digital billboards, and game consoles to engage with consumers and other business partners. Internet Marketing is a major component of digital marketing.
Pharmacogenomics deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response by co-relating gene expression or polymorphism with a drug’s efficacy or toxicity.
This ppt highlights about scientific basis of drug therapy described with four processes involved in the choice of appropriate drug therapy with examples.... helps to make rational choice of drugs with systematic steps as like that of making diagnosis.
pharmacogenomics is a new drug discovry approach. It is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs, combining pharmacology and genomics
Pharmacological implications of genetic polymorphism and PharmacogeneticsRumaMandal4
Genetic polymorphism is applied to variants occuring at frequency >1%
Pharmacogenetics is study of genetic variation on drug response.
Pharmacogenetic traits may be Pharmacogenetics and pharmacodynamic types
Genetic polymorphisms are variations in gene sequences that occur in at least 1% of the general population, resulting in multiple alleles or variants of a gene sequence.
The most commonly occurring form of genetic variability is the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, often called “snip”)
Pharmacogenetics d and effect on determination of drug dosing in PharmacotherapyChiranjibBagchi1
Pharmacogenomics is a n upcoming issue in medicine and health which might be recognised as a future medicine.People might resort into genetic testing before being prescribed by a drug to optimise it,s efficacy and prevent toxicity.
Hence it definitely will have a personal, economical, societal, legal and ethical connotation and will not be restricted to merely a scientific and individual health related issue .So whole of the scientific fraternity and the medical and allied healthcareprofessional, legal system and political decision makers , drug manufacturers all should be held immensely responsible for future decision making to make decisions or creating guidelines and regulations to solicit the problems arising out of the application of new scientific discoveries based on Pharmacogenomics in future. Thus pharmacogenomics might come into a rescue for a particular group of persons benefitting out of the genetic testing in terms of successful drug therapy but others might deny testing for being marked to be a treatment orphan in the light of insurance providers. A mystereous and challenging situation might be awating for whigh the world human societyand community at large should get themselves prepared for.
Pharmacogenomics: A new age drug technologyMahek Sharan
the pharmacogenomics require the pharmacology and genomic together to improve the drug responses and the new age drug potential according to individual need
genetic polymorphism new Presentation.pptxRumaMandal5
Genetic polymorphism was formerly applied to variants occurring at a frequency greater than 1%.
Types: SNPs,Insertions or deletions
Pharmacokinetic variations and pharmacodynamics variations
Application on G6PD deficiency
2. LIFE HISTORY OF DRUG
Dosage Regimen
Concentration in Plasma
Concentration at the site
of action
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Effect
5. DRUG R&D
Drug discovery and development
•10-15 years to develop a new medicine
•Cost $800 million – 1 billion dollars (US)
•Likelihood of success: 10%
6. Reasons for Failure in Development
Toxicity (22%)
Lack of Efficacy (31%)
Market Reasons (6%)
Poor Biopharmaceutical (PK) Properties (41%)
7. •From 1898 through to 1910 heroin was marketed as a non-addictive morphine
substitute and cough medicine for children. Bayer marketed heroin as a cure for
morphine addiction
•Heroin is converted to morphine when metabolized in the liver
8.
9. DRUG SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS
Not all people respond to a similar dose of a drug in the exact same
manner, this variability is based upon individual differences and is
associated with toxicity. This variability is thought to be caused by:
Pharmacokinetic factors contribute to differing concentrations of
the drug at the target area.
Pharmacodynamic factors contribute to differing physiological
responses to the same drug concentration.
Unusual, idiosyncratic, genetically determined or allergic,
immunologically sensitized responses.
10. TARGET LEVEL STRATEGY
Low safety margin drugs (anticonvulsants,
antidepressants, Lithium, Theophylline etc) maintained
at certain concentration within therapeutic range
Drugs with short half-life (2-3 Hrs) – drugs are
administered at conventional intervals (6-12 Hrs) –
fluctuations are therapeutically acceptable
Long acting drugs:
Loading dose: Single dose or repeated dose in quick
succession – to attain target conc. Quickly
Loading dose = target Cp X V/F
Maintenance dose: dose to be repeated at specific
intervals
11. MONITORING OF PLASMA
CONCENTRATION
Useful in
Narrow safety margin drugs – digoxin, anticonvulsants,
antiarrhythmics and aminoglycosides etc
Large individual variation – lithium and antidepressants
Renal failure cases
Poisoning cases
Not useful in
Response mesurable drugs – antihypertensives, diuretics
etc
Drugs activated in body – levodopa
Hit and run drugs – Reseprpine, MAO inhibitors
Irreversible action drugs – Orgnophosphorous compounds
12. PROLONGATION OF DRUG ACTION
By prolonging absorption from the site of action –
Oral and parenteral (LORELIN DEPOT)
By increasing plasma protein binding
(OXALIPLATIN MEDAC)
By retarding rate of metabolism
(LIPAD)
(LIPOPLATIN)
(HAMSYL)
By retarding renal excretion
(CONTRARY TO DISODIUM PAMIDRONATE)
13. Ideal PK Properties of a Drug
• Must be efficacious with once/day dosing
(EXCEPT THROMBOMAX)
• One or two dose levels should be safe and
efficacious in all individuals
• No dosing adjustments should be required
with multiple dosing.
From a Marketing Perspective
14. Ideal PK Properties of a Drug
• Should give consistent plasma concentrations in all
individuals (patients) from one dose.
• No variability in metabolism
• Excretion by both renal and hepatic mechanisms for
those with liver or kidney problems
• Rapid, predictable onset of action
• Clearance high enough so compound is removed from
body if any untoward side-effects are observed.
• No accumulation
• No interaction with co-administered drugs due to
• High Protein Binding
• Metabolism (induction or inhibition)
• Interference with Excretion
From a Clinical Perspective
15. Products PK Property Indication
Oxaliplatin
High Plasma Protein Binding and
(MHRA certificate)
Decreased Frequency and
Approved efficacy
Pamidronate
Disodium Preparation (MHRA
Certificate)
Rapid excretion and low
adverse effect and dose
adjustments
Lorelin Depot Formulation
Decreased absorption and
delay frequency
Lipoplatin Peg-Liposomal Formulation
Decreased Metabolism,
Elimination and increased
half life. Results in Increase
Effectiveness and decreased
ADRs.
Lipad Peg-Liposomal Formulation As Above.
Hamsyl Pegylated Formulation
Delayed dosing and increase
effectiveness
Amgofil Recombinant Human Low Toxicity
Thrombomax As Above As Above
Weaponry of AMGOMED