Sign language
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Sign language has existed for a long time and developed formal alphabets in the 16th-19th centuries. The document discusses the history and development of sign language, defining it as a visual means of communication using hand shapes and movements. It outlines different types of sign languages used for various purposes and communities, characteristics like registers that vary based on formality, and similarities/differences in sign languages internationally.
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What Is Sign Language
Sign language is a visual method of communication that uses manual gestures and body language to convey meaning. It naturally develops in deaf communities as their primary means of communicating with each other when oral communication is ineffective. While sign languages share common properties, there is no single universal sign language and different communities develop their own, with regional variations. Sign languages have their own grammar and syntax distinct from spoken languages.
Introduction to sign language
Sign language uses hands, face and eyes rather than vocal cords or ears to communicate. It is not derived from spoken language. Sign languages like American Sign Language (ASL) have their own distinct grammars and are not universal across countries. ASL has its own phonology, morphology, syntax and other linguistic properties similar to spoken languages. It can convey the same complex meanings as spoken languages. The study of sign language provides insights into the nature of all human language.
Sign language copy (2)
Sign language is a visual language that uses hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements rather than sounds to communicate. It is a fully developed language that deaf communities use, as deaf children cannot acquire spoken language without hearing it. While some credit early humans as developing the first rudimentary sign languages, the early modern sign language is traced to Juan Pablo de Bonet's 1620 book documenting a manual system using hand shapes to represent speech sounds.
Sign Language in Communication
Sign language is a means of communication using bodily movements, especially of the hands and arms. There are 7 main types of sign language including for the deaf, deaf-blind, and communicating with animals. Sign languages vary by country with some of the major ones being American Sign Language, British Sign Language, Mexican Sign Language, and New Zealand Sign Language. Sign languages play an important role in society through interpretation, telecommunications, and some communities where prevalence of deafness is high. An example is given of William Moon's moon alphabet which combined various modes of communication including Braille and sign language into a poetic language.
Sign Language - Boost Your Communication Skills
This document provides an introduction to sign language, covering its history, types, users, importance, and how it can improve communication. It discusses how sign language uses manual gestures rather than sound to convey meaning. Key points covered include that sign language has been used for centuries, there are hundreds of sign language dialects worldwide, and it is an important language for deaf communities and interpreters. The document concludes by emphasizing sign language's role in deaf identity and education.
Language varieties
The standard language is associated with prestige, education, public life, science, law, politics, and religion. It is taught as a second language to foreigners and used by educated speakers. While there are some varieties that become more prestigious, no variety is inherently better than others - they are all different. Dialects refer to grammatical and phonological features that vary regionally and are known for stereotyped pronunciations. Isoglosses identify dialect boundaries by representing the line between areas with differing speech. A dialect continuum is a group of mutually intelligible dialects that differ more as geographic distance increases. Bilingualism can result from regional variation or personal background, while language planning often assumes countries are monolingual and includes all
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English is as a global language - uploaded by www.sepatubordir.com and Tukang Kompor Menulis http://hmcahyo.blogspot.com
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What Is Sign Language
Sign language is a visual method of communication that uses manual gestures and body language to convey meaning. It naturally develops in deaf communities as their primary means of communicating with each other when oral communication is ineffective. While sign languages share common properties, there is no single universal sign language and different communities develop their own, with regional variations. Sign languages have their own grammar and syntax distinct from spoken languages.
Introduction to sign language
Sign language uses hands, face and eyes rather than vocal cords or ears to communicate. It is not derived from spoken language. Sign languages like American Sign Language (ASL) have their own distinct grammars and are not universal across countries. ASL has its own phonology, morphology, syntax and other linguistic properties similar to spoken languages. It can convey the same complex meanings as spoken languages. The study of sign language provides insights into the nature of all human language.
Sign language copy (2)
Sign language is a visual language that uses hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements rather than sounds to communicate. It is a fully developed language that deaf communities use, as deaf children cannot acquire spoken language without hearing it. While some credit early humans as developing the first rudimentary sign languages, the early modern sign language is traced to Juan Pablo de Bonet's 1620 book documenting a manual system using hand shapes to represent speech sounds.
Sign Language in Communication
Sign language is a means of communication using bodily movements, especially of the hands and arms. There are 7 main types of sign language including for the deaf, deaf-blind, and communicating with animals. Sign languages vary by country with some of the major ones being American Sign Language, British Sign Language, Mexican Sign Language, and New Zealand Sign Language. Sign languages play an important role in society through interpretation, telecommunications, and some communities where prevalence of deafness is high. An example is given of William Moon's moon alphabet which combined various modes of communication including Braille and sign language into a poetic language.
Sign Language - Boost Your Communication Skills
This document provides an introduction to sign language, covering its history, types, users, importance, and how it can improve communication. It discusses how sign language uses manual gestures rather than sound to convey meaning. Key points covered include that sign language has been used for centuries, there are hundreds of sign language dialects worldwide, and it is an important language for deaf communities and interpreters. The document concludes by emphasizing sign language's role in deaf identity and education.
Language varieties
The standard language is associated with prestige, education, public life, science, law, politics, and religion. It is taught as a second language to foreigners and used by educated speakers. While there are some varieties that become more prestigious, no variety is inherently better than others - they are all different. Dialects refer to grammatical and phonological features that vary regionally and are known for stereotyped pronunciations. Isoglosses identify dialect boundaries by representing the line between areas with differing speech. A dialect continuum is a group of mutually intelligible dialects that differ more as geographic distance increases. Bilingualism can result from regional variation or personal background, while language planning often assumes countries are monolingual and includes all
World english
The document presents information on world Englishes including a definition, key writers on the topic, and the future of world Englishes. It discusses world Englishes as localized varieties of English that have developed in territories influenced by the UK. Key writers mentioned include Kachru, Quirk, Schneider, Crystal, and Mahboob. Kachru developed the three circle model of world Englishes categorizing varieties based on their status and function. The future of world Englishes is seen from the perspectives of multilingualism, multiculturalism, and linguistic human rights with English remaining dominant among international languages.
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UNIT 2 : ANIMALS AND HUMAN LANGUAGE
UNIT 3 : THE DEVELOPMENT OF WRITING
UNIT 4 : THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE
UNIT 5 : THE SOUND PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE
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The document defines language and discusses its key features and functions. It defines language as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It explores various theories about the origin of language, such as imitation of natural sounds or primitive ritual songs. The document also outlines design features that distinguish human language from animal communication systems, including arbitrariness, duality, productivity, cultural transmission, and more. Finally, it discusses functions of language like the phatic function of maintaining social contact and the informative function of sharing information.
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1) The document discusses several key properties of human language including arbitrariness, duality, productivity, cultural transmission, and displacement.
2) It defines these properties and explains how they are uniquely present in human language compared to animal communication systems. For example, duality refers to language having two levels of structure - meaningless sounds that combine to form meaningful units.
3) Several properties are described as "significant" because they are uniquely part of human language, like displacement which allows referring to things removed from the present context. This highlights what makes human language distinct from communication in other species.
Dialect
Dialect refers to variations in a language used by different speakers. A dialect has distinguishing characteristics in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation compared to other variations of the same language. For example, dialects of English include Aboriginal English spoken by Indigenous Australians, Standard English spoken as a first language in countries like Australia, and Australian English which is a regional dialect spoken in Australia.
Sign language ppt
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UNIT 1 : THE ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE
UNIT 2 : ANIMALS AND HUMAN LANGUAGE
UNIT 3 : THE DEVELOPMENT OF WRITING
UNIT 4 : THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE
UNIT 5 : THE SOUND PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE
UNIT 6 : WORDS and WORD FORMATION PROCESSES
UNIT 7 : MORPHOLOGY
UNIT 8 : PHRASES and SENTENCES : GRAMMAR
UNIT 9 : SYNTAX
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Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field that applies linguistic theory and methods to real-world problems. The term was first used in the 1940s but applications of linguistics occurred prior. Definitions of applied linguistics have varied over time, from focusing on foreign language teaching to having a broader scope that draws on multiple disciplines. While not all applied linguistics is practical, the field addresses real-world issues and aims to advance fields like education. Recent discussions emphasize that the scope of applied linguistics is wide-ranging and involves analyzing language problems.
Neurolinguistics
This document provides an overview of neurolinguistics, which is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control language comprehension, production, and acquisition. Some key points discussed include:
- Broca's and Wernicke's areas were among the first language areas localized in the brain based on studies of patients with expressive and receptive aphasia.
- Neuroimaging techniques like PET, fMRI, EEG, and MEG have helped identify a network of language-related brain regions and study the time course of language processes.
- Studies of language acquisition have explored how brain structures relate to acquiring a first or second language at different developmental stages.
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Language acquisition2
The document summarizes several theories of language acquisition, including behaviorism, cognitive theory, and Chomsky's innateness theory. According to behaviorism, language is acquired through reinforcement of behaviors. Cognitive theory views language acquisition as dependent on cognitive development. Chomsky's innateness theory posits that humans are born with an innate language acquisition device and universal grammar that allows children to learn language by setting parameters based on primary linguistic data.
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This document summarizes key points from a chapter on age and second language acquisition. It discusses several myths about language learning, including that children repeat things to learn, language learning is imitation, and sounds must be learned before words. It then compares first and second language acquisition in children and adults. Several factors are examined, including neurobiological considerations like hemispheric lateralization and biological timetables. Cognitive, affective, and linguistic considerations are also reviewed. Finally, issues in first language acquisition are revisited and some language teaching methods inspired by age and acquisition are outlined.
Globalization And The English Language
English has become a dominant global language, with over a billion speakers worldwide and projections of two billion speakers within a decade. As the language of globalization, business, politics, technology, and more, English proficiency is important for participating on the world stage and is often necessary for certain fields and occupations. However, with the large number of non-native English speakers seeking international jobs, there is increased competition for English as a second language speakers. In the long run, multilingual skills may provide graduates a competitive advantage in global business over monolingual English speakers. Employers benefit from hiring multilingual non-native English speakers for their international communication needs.
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This document discusses phonetics, the scientific study of human speech sounds. It covers the three branches of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics. It also describes the classification of consonant sounds according to their voicing, place of articulation in the mouth, and manner of articulation. Vowel sounds are described based on their tongue position and lip rounding. An activity section applies this knowledge by providing consonant sounds and their phonetic transcription, voicing, place and manner of articulation.
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The document discusses the difference between language acquisition and language learning. Language acquisition refers to naturally learning a language from interaction with native speakers, with a focus on meaningful communication rather than grammar. It is how one's native language is learned in childhood. Language learning is a more conscious process that occurs in educational settings, with grammar, vocabulary and rules taught in a controlled manner. It describes learning a second language, which is learned in addition to one's native language.
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The native language plays an important role in second language acquisition (SLA). SLA is the process by which people learn a second language and draws from various disciplines like psychology, education, and cognitive psychology. SLA occurs in stages, starting with a pre-production stage where learners receive vocabulary but do not speak. Later stages include production of short phrases, emergence of speech using simple structures, and intermediate fluency with more complex sentences and vocabulary. Ultimately, fluency comparable to native speakers can be achieved after 5-10 years of learning. Theories of SLA posit that second language acquisition mirrors first language acquisition and is influenced by the native language.
English as Global Language
English has become a global language due to the historical political and economic power of its native speakers. A global language is characterized by its large number of native and non-native speakers, its geographical distribution, and its use in international organizations and diplomacy. English first spread globally through the British Empire between the 17th and 20th centuries, institutionalizing it in former colonies. American cultural dominance in the 20th century through music, film, technology and business has further consolidated English's position as the dominant global language today. English is now used internationally across many domains including academia, science, aviation, business and pop culture.
Multiple intelligences method
The Multiple Intelligences Method identifies 8 types of intelligences and incorporates them into language teaching. The method has 4 stages: 1) awakening intelligence through sensory experiences 2) amplifying intelligence through comparing experiences 3) teaching linked to intelligence through worksheets and groups 4) transferring intelligence through out-of-class application. Teachers develop rich activities and students are active learners who experiment with intelligences to find their strengths. Evaluation varies by intelligence and students feel confident learning in their own way.
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The document discusses several theories of language acquisition:
- Behaviorism posits that language is learned through reinforcement but fails to explain innate language structures.
- Chomsky argued language has an innate "language acquisition device" based on limited language input children receive. However, it neglects the social context of language.
- Cognitive theories link language development to cognitive development but cannot fully explain syntax.
- Input/interactionist theories emphasize the importance of language interactions with caregivers, though children still progress through similar stages across cultures. Overall, the theories provide partial rather than complete explanations of language acquisition.
Language and education
The document discusses various methods for teaching language and literacy. It describes synthetic and analytic approaches to teaching second languages, with synthetic focusing on breaking down grammar rules and analytic using immersion. For reading instruction, it examines whole-word, phonics, and whole-language methods. It also covers topics like bilingual education, sign language literacy, and teaching students who speak non-standard dialects. Overall, it suggests an eclectic approach that combines strengths of different methods is often most effective.
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The document discusses teaching lexical items (vocabulary) to language learners. It addresses common fears teachers have about teaching lexis, including that some lexical items are culturally specific, teachers' English ability is not equal to a native speaker, and monolingual classrooms are different than multilingual ones. It promotes teaching vocabulary through exposure to language, using the teacher's book to explain vocabulary, modeling conversations, and allowing translation to help learners understand new words.
Final Project
This document describes a project by two university students, Stephanie and Christian, to create a multiliteracy website focused on one inner city school. They researched the major languages spoken at the school - Spanish, French, Arabic, Dutch, and Swahili. They documented resources for these languages in the community and online. Their goal was to provide additional resources for teachers of multilingual students to help them feel comfortable and valued while learning English.
Miracles of human language-By Saad Elhalafawy
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Language Planning Around the World
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Sign language
- 2. Definition
- 3. History of Sign Language • Has existed a long time • 16th century in Spain • 19th century – alphabet Fingerspelling System • first school in Paris
- 4. Why is Sign Language Important?
- 5. Is Sign Language Body Language?
- 6. Types of Sign Language 1. Sign language for deaf. 2. Sign language for people who are deaf and blind . 3. Sign language for children and adults with special needs. 4. Sign language for babies. 5. Home Sign. 6. A village sign language.
- 7. Sign
- 8. Hand shape; hand location; hand movement; and hand orientation. Characteristics of Sign Language
- 10. American Sign Language Production Formal 1. Pace/speed • slower 2. Sign size • larger Sign 3. Parameters • more fully articulated 4. Body movement • reduced movement Informal 1. Pace/speed • faster 2. Sign size • smaller 3. Sign parameters • less fully articulated 4. Body movement • enhanced movement
- 12. Sign Language Fun Facts