Information about Sigmoid Diverticular Disease by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of sigmoid diverticular disease, classification of diverticular disease, pathophysiology, diverticular disease, presenting sumptoms, physical findings, diagnostic tests etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
inflammatory bowel disease is a diagnosis of exclusion and it has two form known as crohn's disease which can affect all GI tract from ''gum to bum'' with skip lesion and the formation of cobblestones. ulcerative colitis affect only the colon and also causes proctitis and toxic megacolon. both of the disease has extraGI symptoms like sclerosing cholangitis, uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis,conjunctivitis, liver cirrhosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, arthropathy and althralgia, etc .
inflammatory bowel disease is a diagnosis of exclusion and it has two form known as crohn's disease which can affect all GI tract from ''gum to bum'' with skip lesion and the formation of cobblestones. ulcerative colitis affect only the colon and also causes proctitis and toxic megacolon. both of the disease has extraGI symptoms like sclerosing cholangitis, uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis,conjunctivitis, liver cirrhosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, arthropathy and althralgia, etc .
basics about chronic liver disease for a pediatrician. fast and easy guide to common causes of chronic liver diseases in children
Please leave a comment if you like it..
This file offers information regarding the chronic pancreatitis disease, as well as a case study of a chronic pancreatitis patient in a soap format. Please go over all of the slides to get a complete picture of the situation.
If any queries or suggestions please drop down in the comment section.
Thank you!
In this PPT presentation I try to teach many causes of Abdominal pain in various quadrants of the abdomen. Since it is individual case based teaching i concentrate only in the essential minimum an undergraduate medical student should know and you will have immersive learning experience.
basics about chronic liver disease for a pediatrician. fast and easy guide to common causes of chronic liver diseases in children
Please leave a comment if you like it..
This file offers information regarding the chronic pancreatitis disease, as well as a case study of a chronic pancreatitis patient in a soap format. Please go over all of the slides to get a complete picture of the situation.
If any queries or suggestions please drop down in the comment section.
Thank you!
In this PPT presentation I try to teach many causes of Abdominal pain in various quadrants of the abdomen. Since it is individual case based teaching i concentrate only in the essential minimum an undergraduate medical student should know and you will have immersive learning experience.
Enfermedad Inflamatoria de Intestino ¿Como Diagnosticarla? - www.grupodeapoyo...Grupo De Apoyo EII
Enfermedad Inflamatoria de Intestino ¿Como Diagnosticarla?
Forma parte del taller del Grupo De Apoyo De Enfermedades Inflamatorias Del Intestino. Para mas informacion visita: www.grupodeapoyoeii.org
Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine NeoplasmsDhaval Mangukiya
Information about Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in clinical practice guidelines, management and tumors, practice changing study, Gastric NETs etc. by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Low Anterior Resection(LAR), Arterial Supply, Venous Drainage, Ports, Position, Modified Lithotomy, Vessel Ligation, Lymph Nodes, Nerves Anatomy, Superior Hypogastric Plexus, Lateral Pelvic Nerves, Correct TME, Anastomosis etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about Inflammatory bowel disease in history, different investigations and surgery and post op by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Low Anterior Resection(LAR), Arterial Supply, Venous Drainage, Ports, Position, Modified Lithotomy, Vessel Ligation, Lymph Nodes, Nerves Anatomy, Superior Hypogastric Plexus, Lateral Pelvic Nerves, Correct TME, Anastomosis etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about Acute abdomen in covid by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Acute abdomen in covid, Liver Injury, Hypotheses, Gastrointestinal manifestations, Critically ill patients with COVID-19 etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about monitoring after therapies for hcc by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Monitoring after therapies for HCC, Staging, Management of Hepatocellluar Carcioma, Limitation, RECIST criteria, Assessment, Target lesion, Special recommendations etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about GIST by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Epidemiology, Classification and Molecular genesis, Prognostic factors, Diagnosis, Management, Followup.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about Management of Appendicular Lump by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Appendicular Lump, Basic to Above the Basics, Incidence, Safe Approach Interval Laparoscopy, Early Surgery etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about Low Anterior Resection by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of GOAL of LAR, Margins, Reconstructions, Anal Anastomosis, End to Side Colorectal Anastomosis, Stapler Vs Hand Sewn, Intersphincteric Resection, Colonic J pouch Anastomosis etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about Lap vs Open Colorectal Resection by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Factors compared, COST Trial, CLASSIC Trial, COLOR Trial, COREAN Trial, ALCCS Trial, Summary, SAGES Guidelines,
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of brief overview of the talk, Surgery in crohn's disease, Scenarios, Localised ileal or ileocaecal disease, Coincidental ileitis, Localised or multifocal colonic disease, Concomitant abscess, Surgical considerations, Anastomotic technique, Laparoscopy etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about Hydatid Cyst Biliary Fistula by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Hydatid Cyst Biliary Fistula, USG criteria for intrabiliary rupture, Surgical Options, Post operative bile leak, Treatment and also Algorithm
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about Approach to the patients of GI malignancy by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of GI malignancy, HPB malignancy, Liver, Pancreas, Biliary,
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
GERD is most common gastric problem in community affecting large number of people. Diagnosis and management is very simple with understanding.
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
Information about Gerd surgical management by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of both sides of Gerd, Introduction, Surgical Anatomy, Hiatus Hernia, Esophageal dearance, Investigation etc.
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
Information about Gej leak by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of GE Junction Leak, Case 1, Case 2 etc.
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
Information about Diverticular disease by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Diverticular disease, Differential Diagnosis, CT Scan Protocol, Point to look in CT, Options, Indications for Elective Surgery, Exploraion, Primary Resection, Opinion, Management etc.
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
Information about Acute pancreatitis by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Acute Pancreatitis Multidisciplinary Approach, Case Scenario, CT, Post Operative Course,
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
Information about acute abdomen in pregnancy.
Gastrointestinal surgery in pregnancy.
Presentation on acute abdomen in pregnancy, physiology of pregnancy, upper abdominal pain, lower abdomen pain, diffuse abdominal pain, lonizing radiation etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Information about Abdominal sepsis and peritonitis final by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Anatomy, intra abdominal infections, physiology, peritonitis, risks for failure of source control, management of critical issues.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
3. Introduction
Formation of colonic diverticula - responsible for the
development of diverticulosis.
When symptomatic - it becomes diverticular disease.
Associated with numerous abdominal symptoms (Pain,
bloating, nausea, diarrhea and constipation).
Telling WHM. Discussion on diverticulitis. Proc R Soc Med 1920; 13: 55-64
4. Introduction
Common inWestern and industrialized countries
Diverticular disease - first described in the early 20th Century
Prevalence - increased
5%-10% in 1930
35%-50% in 1969 as per autopsy series
Painter NS, Burkitt DP. Diverticular disease of the colon: a deficiency disease of Western civilization. Br Med J 1971; 2:450-454
6. Classification
of diverticular
disease
Classification for diverticulitis with perforation – first described by Hughes et al
Hughes ESR, Cuthbertson AM, Carden ABG. The surgical management of acute diverticulitis. Med J Aust 1963;1: 780–782.
7. Pathophysiology
Diverticula formation - high intraluminal pressures
As high as 90 mm Hg during peak contraction
Fiber-deficient diet - change in the colonic microflora -increase
in pathogenic bacteria
Reduced immune response of the host
Decreased bacterial production of short chain fatty acids
Degradation of soluble fibre.
Permit chronic inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation
Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Elisei W, Inchingolo CD, Aiello F. Epithelial cell proliferation of the colonic mucosa in different degrees of colonic diverticular disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40: 306-311
8. Diverticular
Disease
Simmang CL, Shires III GT. Diverticular disease of the colon. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisinger MH, editors. Sleisinger & Fordtran’s gastrointestinal and liver disease. 7th ed. Philadephia: Saunders, 2002:2100-2.
9. Presenting
Symptoms
Left lower quadrant abdominal pain
Radiation to back, ipsilateral flank, groin and even down the leg
Episodes of constipation or diarrhea
Secondary ileus with abdominal distention
Dysuria or urgency - possible bladder involvement
Polk HC, Tuckson WB, Miller FB. The atypical presentations of diverticulitis. In: Welch JP, Cohen JL, Sardella WV, Vignati PV, eds. Diverticular Disease, Management of the Difficult Surgical Case. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
1998:384–393.
10. Presenting
Symptoms
Pneumaturia, fecaluria, or gas and stool through the vagina
Colovesical or colovaginal fistula
Fever - proportional to inflammatory response
High fever - perforation with abscess or peritonitis
Fournier’s gangrene - Rare
Polk HC, Tuckson WB, Miller FB. The atypical presentations of diverticulitis. In: Welch JP, Cohen JL, Sardella WV, Vignati PV, eds. Diverticular Disease, Management of the Difficult Surgical Case. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
1998:384–393.
11. Physical
Findings
Tender to palpation - left lower quadrant and left iliac region
Rigidity/guarding – on deeper palpation
A positive psoas sign and/or obturator sign
Reflect retroperitoneal and/or pelvic involvement of the inflammatory
process
Gross perforation with peritonitis – tenderness spread to
abdomen
Polk HC, Tuckson WB, Miller FB. The atypical presentations of diverticulitis. In: Welch JP, Cohen JL, Sardella WV, Vignati PV, eds. Diverticular Disease, Management of the Difficult Surgical Case. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
1998:384–393.
12. Diagnostic
Tests
Endoscopy -
With extreme caution - risk of gross perforation
Provide important information
May change acute management in <1% of cases
If no urgent indication - should be delayed until resolution
acute episode
Sakhnini E, Lahat A, Melzer E, et al. Early colonoscopy in patients with acute diverticulitis: results of a prospective pilot study. Endoscopy 2004;36:504–507.
13. Diagnostic
Tests
Abdominal X-rays -
Plain films of the abdomen
Supine and upright/left lateral decubitus
To rule out pneumoperitoneum
To assess for obstruction.
Rarely used now
Sakhnini E, Lahat A, Melzer E, et al. Early colonoscopy in patients with acute diverticulitis: results of a prospective pilot study. Endoscopy 2004;36:504–507.
14. Diagnostic
Tests
CT scan - preferred imaging study
Also if clinical suspicion of an abscess or other complicating
feature
Used in a limited manner to evaluate the anatomy of the colon
Hachigian MP, Honickman S, Eisenstat TE, et al. Computed tomography in the initial management of acute left-sided diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:1123–1129.
16. Diagnostic
Tests
CT scan -
Document diverticulitis, even if uncomplicated
Recognize and stratify patients according to the severity
Distinguish uncomplicated from complicated disease
Early CT-guided drainage of abscesses – down staging of complicated
diverticulitis
Hachigian MP, Honickman S, Eisenstat TE, et al. Computed tomography in the initial management of acute left-sided diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:1123–1129.
17. Diagnostic
Tests
Ultrasonography -
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) - evaluate diverticular disease in
conjunction with transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS)
CombiningTRUS withTAUS -
Reveals complications not visualized onTAUS alone
TRUS -
Accurate adjunct for confirming clinically suspected acute colonic
diverticulitis
Hollerweger A, Rettenbacher T, Macheiner P, et al. Sigmoid diverticulitis: value of transrectal sonography in addition to transabdominal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175: 1155–1160.
18. Diagnostic
Tests
Avoid false-negative results
Defines the severity of disease - better thanTAUS alone.
TRUS - useful adjunct in selected cases of recto sigmoid
diverticulitis
Hollerweger A, Rettenbacher T, Macheiner P, et al. Sigmoid diverticulitis: value of transrectal sonography in addition to transabdominal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175: 1155–1160.
19. Diagnostic
Tests
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -
MRI Colonography - high correlation with CT findings in diverticular
disease
No exposure to ionizing radiation.
Three-dimensional rendered models and virtual colonoscopy - only in
the nonacute setting.
Schreyer AG, Furst A, Agha A, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging based colonography for diagnosis and assessment of diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2004;19: 474–480.
20. Management
Medical therapy:
The main objectives -
To improve symptoms
To resolve any infection or consequences of inflammation
To prevent recurrence of symptoms
Limiting serious complications
Surgical approach:
For treating acute, recurrent diverticulitis
Two or more prior episodes
Aydin HN, Remzi FH. Diverticulitis: when and how to operate? Dig Liver Dis 2004; 36: 435-445
21. Management
Dietary Fiber:
Increasing dietary fibre
To increase stool weight
Increase transit time
Lower intracolonic pressure
More insoluble fibre, especially whole wheat cereals, breads.
Commercially available fibre supplements
Gear JSS, Ware A, Fursdon, et al. Symptomless diverticular disease and intake of dietary fibre. Lancet 1979;1:511-4.
23. Current antibiotic
therapy in acute
diverticulitis
Chow AW. Appendicitis and diverticulitis. In: Hoeprich PD, Jordan MC, Ronald AR, editors. Infectious diseases: A treatise of infectious processes. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1994: 878-881
24. Management
5-ASA:
Primary therapy - induction and maintenance of remission
Acts topically on the colonic mucosa to reduce inflammation
Newer non-sulphur-containing therapies – preferred
(eg. mesalazine)
Improved side-effect profiles
Carter MJ, Lobo AJ, Travis SP. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 2004; 53 Suppl 5: V1-V16
25. Management
Probiotics:
Bacteria Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and certain
strains of E. Coli and budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Causes –
Inhibition of pathogen adherence
Stimulation of immunoglobulinA secretion in Peyer’s patches
Enhancement of immune system activity
Controls balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines
Gionchetti P, Amadini C, Rizzello F, Venturi A, Palmonari V, Morselli C, Romagnoli R, Campieri M. Probiotics--role in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis 2002; 34 Suppl 2: S58-S62
26. Management
Carter MJ, Lobo AJ, Travis SP. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 2004; 53 Suppl 5: V1-V16
27. Management
Surgery:
Not recommended for first episode of uncomplicated Diverticulitis
If recurrence - elective resection considered after the second attack.
Also, if frank peritonitis/complications
Faynsod M, Stamos MJ, Arnell T, et al. A case-control study of laparoscopic versus open sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis. Am Surgeon 2000;66:841-3.
28. Management
Jensen DM, Machicado GA, Jutabha R, et al. Urgent colonoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of severe diverticular hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2000;342:78-82.
31. Complications
Bleeding
Perforation
Abscess
Fistula
Stricture
Obstruction
Ureteral Obstruction
Phlegmon (Inflammatory mass)
Saint’sTriad (Diverticulosis, cholelithiasis and hiatal hernia)
Boles RS, Jordan SM. The clinical significance of diverticulosis. Gastroenterology 1958;35:579–581.
32. Summary
The management of diverticulitis - undergone meaningful
change including antibiotics and surgery.
Ongoing investigations into medical therapies decrease
symptoms and reduce recurrences.
Areas that should be priorities for future research:
Identifying patients who will benefit from antibiotics and those in
whom it can safely be withheld.
Evaluating medical therapies, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics
or probiotics, and dietary interventions
Identifying risk factors for recurrent diverticulitis
Quantifying the yield, risks and timing of colonoscopy after an episode
of acute diverticulitis.
Strate L, Peery A, Neumann I, et al. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the management of acute diverticulitis. Gastroenterology 2015;(In press).
Telling WHM. Discussion on diverticulitis. Proc R Soc Med 1920; 13: 55-64
Painter NS, Burkitt DP. Diverticular disease of the colon: a deficiency disease of Western civilization. Br Med J 1971; 2:450-454
Morganstern L, Weiner R, Michel SL. “Malignant” diverticulitis. A clinical entity. Arch Surg 1979;114:1112–1126.
Hughes ESR, Cuthbertson AM, Carden ABG. The surgical management of acute diverticulitis. Med J Aust 1963;1: 780–782.
Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Elisei W, Inchingolo CD, Aiello F. Epithelial cell proliferation of the colonic mucosa in different degrees of colonic diverticular disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40: 306-311
Simmang CL, Shires III GT. Diverticular disease of the colon. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisinger MH, editors. Sleisinger & Fordtran’s gastrointestinal and liver disease. 7th ed. Philadephia: Saunders, 2002:2100-2.
Polk HC, Tuckson WB, Miller FB. The atypical presentations of diverticulitis. In: Welch JP, Cohen JL, Sardella WV, Vignati PV, eds. Diverticular Disease, Management of the Difficult Surgical Case. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998:384–393.
Polk HC, Tuckson WB, Miller FB. The atypical presentations of diverticulitis. In: Welch JP, Cohen JL, Sardella WV, Vignati PV, eds. Diverticular Disease, Management of the Difficult Surgical Case. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998:384–393.
Polk HC, Tuckson WB, Miller FB. The atypical presentations of diverticulitis. In: Welch JP, Cohen JL, Sardella WV, Vignati PV, eds. Diverticular Disease, Management of the Difficult Surgical Case. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998:384–393.
Sakhnini E, Lahat A, Melzer E, et al. Early colonoscopy in patients with acute diverticulitis: results of a prospective pilot study. Endoscopy 2004;36:504–507.
Sakhnini E, Lahat A, Melzer E, et al. Early colonoscopy in patients with acute diverticulitis: results of a prospective pilot study. Endoscopy 2004;36:504–507.
Hachigian MP, Honickman S, Eisenstat TE, et al. Computed tomography in the initial management of acute left-sided diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:1123–1129.
Hachigian MP, Honickman S, Eisenstat TE, et al. Computed tomography in the initial management of acute left-sided diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:1123–1129.
Hollerweger A, Rettenbacher T, Macheiner P, et al. Sigmoid diverticulitis: value of transrectal sonography in addition to transabdominal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175: 1155–1160.
Hollerweger A, Rettenbacher T, Macheiner P, et al. Sigmoid diverticulitis: value of transrectal sonography in addition to transabdominal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175: 1155–1160.
Schreyer AG, Furst A, Agha A, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging based colonography for diagnosis and assessment of diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2004;19: 474–480.
Aydin HN, Remzi FH. Diverticulitis: when and how to operate? Dig Liver Dis 2004; 36: 435-445
Gear JSS, Ware A, Fursdon, et al. Symptomless diverticular disease and intake of dietary fibre. Lancet 1979;1:511-4.
Aldoori W, Ryan-Harshman M. Preventing diverticular disease. Review of recent evidence on high-fibre diets. Can Fam Physician 2002; 48: 1632-1637
Chow AW. Appendicitis and diverticulitis. In: Hoeprich PD, Jordan MC, Ronald AR, editors. Infectious diseases: A treatise of infectious processes. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1994: 878-881
Carter MJ, Lobo AJ, Travis SP. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 2004; 53 Suppl 5: V1-V16
Gionchetti P, Amadini C, Rizzello F, Venturi A, Palmonari V, Morselli C, Romagnoli R, Campieri M. Probiotics--role in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis 2002; 34 Suppl 2: S58-S62
Carter MJ, Lobo AJ, Travis SP. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 2004; 53 Suppl 5: V1-V16
Faynsod M, Stamos MJ, Arnell T, et al. A case-control study of laparoscopic versus open sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis. Am Surgeon 2000;66:841-3.
Jensen DM, Machicado GA, Jutabha R, et al. Urgent colonoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of severe diverticular hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2000;342:78-82.
AGA Institute Clinical Practice Guideline Development Process:http://www.gastro.org/practice/medical-position-statements/aga-institute-clinical-practice-guideline-development-process, accessed March 29, 2015.
AGA Institute Clinical Practice Guideline Development Process:http://www.gastro.org/practice/medical-position-statements/aga-institute-clinical-practice-guideline-development-process, accessed March 29, 2015.
Boles RS, Jordan SM. The clinical significance of diverticulosis. Gastroenterology 1958;35:579–581.
Strate L, Peery A, Neumann I, et al. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the management of acute diverticulitis. Gastroenterology 2015;(In press).