The document provides information about key concepts in general chemistry including the definitions of matter, homogeneous mixtures, and pressure. It also summarizes several gas laws including Boyle's law that pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature and amount, Charles' law that volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure and amount, and Avogadro's law relating volume and amount of gas particles. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate how to use the gas laws and equations of state to calculate pressure, volume, temperature and amount in gas systems.

1. Key
GENERAL CHEMISTRY-II (1412)
S.I. # 1
1. Chemistry is the study of:
the properties of materials and the changes that materials undergo.
2. Matter is:
anything that has mass and occupies space.
3. All Gaseous Mixtures are all _________________________. Homogeneous
What does this mean? Homogeneous means uniform throughout.
Give an example:____________________. air
4. Give the formula and units for the pressure a gas exerts on a surface.
P=F/A units are in pascal (Pa).
5. A closed ended manometer was attached to a vessel of argon. The difference in
Hg levels was 12.2 cm. Atmospheric pressure was 783 mm Hg. What was the
pressure of argon? ___________________mm Hg
1 cm = 10 mm Hg  convert (cm) to (mm)  12.2 cm x10 = 122mm Hg
6. An open ended manometer filled with a liquid, density of ______________g/mL
will exhibit the smallest height difference for a given pressure?
A) 13.6 B) 2.29 C) 18.2 D) 0.00234 E) 0.0918
The largest of the densities will be the hardest to move and will exhibit the
smallest height difference. C.
7. Give the formula for each of the following:
a. force F=ma
b. acceleration a=g
c. density D=m/V
d. volume V=Ah
e. mass m=dV

2. Key
8. Show how the definition of Pressure can be transformed from P = F/A to P = gdh.
P = F/A
P = (m a) /A
P = (d V)(g) /A
P = (d)(A h)(g) / A
P=gdh
9. Who first investigated the relationship between P & V of a gas? Robert Boyle
10. Pressure is _________________ proportional to Volume of a gas. Inversely
11. Define an equation of State: Relates The Properties Of A Material To Each Other
Mathematically
12. Use words and an equation to define Boyle’s law.
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at a fixed temperature and amount.
P α 1/V P1 V1 = P2 V2 = A constant
(Constant n,T)
13. Use words and an equation to define Charles’ Law.
Volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature at fixed pressure and
amount. VαT V1/T1 = V2/T2 T must be in Kelvin
(Constant n,P)
14. Use words and an equation to define Avogadro’s law.
Vm = 22.4 L / mol at STP
Another way of saying that is : 22.4 L of ANY GAS at STP
contains 6.02 x 1023 gas molecules.
Vαn V = constant x n (V1/n1) = (V2/n2)
(Constant P,T)
15. 5.0 mol of gas at 1.0 atm expands at a constant Temperature from 10L to 15L.
What is the final pressure of the gas? _________________ atm.
PV = nRT V1 = 10L V2 = 15L P1 = 1atm P2 = ?
V1 / V2 = P1 / P2 =>
P2 = (P1 V2) / V1 =>
P2 = (1atm x 15L) / 10L = 1.5 atm
16. The volume of an ideal gas is zero at what temperature? ____________ -273°C