Short stature can be defined as height below the 3rd percentile for age and gender. It can be caused by pathological factors like malnutrition, illness, or endocrine disorders, or it can be a normal variant related to genetics or prematurity. Evaluation of short stature involves assessing family history, physical exam, growth chart, bone age, and lab tests to identify the underlying cause and determine if treatment is needed. Growth hormone treatment may be used for conditions like growth hormone deficiency.