1. Shock is a systemic state of low tissue perfusion that is inadequate for normal cellular respiration. It can be caused by various factors like blood loss, heart problems, or sepsis. 2. In trauma patients, shock is a common cause of death second only to traumatic brain injury. The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol is used to assess and treat patients in shock. 3. Shock is classified into stages from initial to irreversible based on the body's attempts at compensation. Fluid resuscitation is used to treat hypovolemic shock, with blood transfusion as needed to replace lost volume. Dynamic fluid monitoring helps determine fluid responsiveness.