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Shear force and bending moment
- 2. Presentation shear force and bending moment apparatus
- 3. Group Member Shahid Nawaz khan Fa18-cve-001 Huzaifa Faiq Fa18-cve-005 M Ali Fa18-cve-019 Talha Shahid Fa18-cve-022 Bilal Ijaz Fa18-cve-048
- 4. Point to be discuss Objective Apparatus` Related Theory Procedure Calculation Conclusion Application Merits and Demerits
- 5. Objective Objective of this experiment is to find Shear force and bending moment of beam
- 6. Apparatus Base Name Plate Pillar Fabrication Load beam Load Hanger Product Label Side Plate - Front Ball bearing pulley Beam fabrication Foot Side plate - rear
- 8. Related Theory A structural member which is long when compared with its lateral dimensions, subjected to transverse forces so applied as to induce bending of the member in an axial plane, is called a beam. What are beams?
- 9. Beam Types 1-Simply Supported Beam 2-Cantilever Beam 3-Over Hanging Beam 4-Continous Beam 5-Inverted Beam 6-probe Cantilever 7-Fixed end Beam
- 18. Why we find SFD and BMD On calculation of SFD and BMD we can deduced the point of maximum shear force and bending in the section. If we take Simply Supported Beam, the Maximum Shear Force is at the ends and the Maximum Bending is at Center point. So the use of finding the SFD and BMD is to know the exact placement of reinforcements in the structure to counteract the force and moment. For Shear Stirrups are used in Lateral dimension and for bending bars are used. So that's why in beams consists of stirrups at the ends of uniform spacing and bars for resisting bending !
- 19. Procedure to find bending moment 1. The Digital Force Display meter read zero with no load is checked. 2. A hanger with 100g mass is placed to the left of the ‘cut’. The Digital Force Display reading is recorded in Table .This step is repeated using masses of 200g, 300g, and 400gand 500g. 3. The mass is converted into a load (in N) and the force reading into a bending moment (Nm) used the following expression: Bending Moment at the cut (in Nm) =Displayed force × distance 4. The theoretical bending moment at the cut is calculated and the table is completed
- 20. Diagram
- 21. bending moment Results Mass Load Distance from left Experiment al Force Theoretical Force at cut Experiment al bending moment at cut Theoretical bending moment at cut Theoretical reaction at left support Theoretical reaction at right support g N mm N N Nm Nm N N 0 0 400 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 100 0.98 400 0.96 0.65 0.12 0.08 0.4 0.58 200 1.96 400 1.98 1.3 0.25 0.16 0.8 1.16 300 2.94 400 2.99 1.95 0.37 0.24 1.2 1.74 400 3.92 400 4.01 2.6 0.5 0.32 1.61 2.32 500 4.9 400 5.01 3.25 0.63 0.4 2.02 2.89
- 22. Calculation to find bending moment Mass Load Experimental bending moment at cut Calculated Theoretical Bending Moment g N Nm Nm 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 100 0.98 0.12 0.122 200 1.96 0.25 0.243 300 2.94 0.37 0.365 400 3.92 0.50 0.486 500 4.90 0.63 0.608
- 25. Discussion Values of the bending stresses obtain from the experiment are presented in the table above and they are arranged in the respective cell according to the load that produce that bending moment. All the data is presented in the graphs and according to that graph the theoretical bending moment is showing linear relation with the load means the value of the theoretical bending moment increase with the increase in the value of applied load and decrease with the decrease in the value of applied load. The ratio with which there is an increase and decrease in the value of theoretical bending moment is equal to the ratio with which there is an increase and decrease in the value of applied load.
- 26. Discussion Second graph is between bending stresses and the load but the main purpose of this graph is to compare the theoretical and experimental bending moment. According there is very little different between both value which show the correctness of apparatus and skills of the worker. Little different between the values is due to human error which cannot be minimize due to the human capabilities limitation.
- 27. Conclusion Aim of this task was to study the effect of different forces on the bending moment in the beam and the result show that there is a linear relationship between bending moment and applied load. Experimental and theoretical bending moment shows perfect linear relationship with applied load with very little difference in the values of bending moment.
- 28. Procedure to find Shear Force Following are the steps involved in this shear force calculation of beam. It is very important to following the sequence of these steps as this experiment involve electronic system which is integrated with software for shear force application and calculation. First step is to setup the apparatus which involve starting the computer software according to the guide provided and setting it to virtual experiment mode Second step is to select the variable hanger load which is available in the property selection box Third step involves the placement of load at the required distance from one pivot point of beam Data generated as the result of force application is recorded by the software automatically Third step is repeated for the different loads and for each load software record data automatically in its memory Graphs were prepared using the data obtain from the experiment
- 29. Calculation to find Shear Force Mass (g) Load (N) Experimental shear Theoretical shear force (N) Force (N) 0 0 0 0 100 0.98 0.6 0.67 200 1.96 1.1 1.34 300 2.94 1.7 2 400 3.92 2.2 2.68 500 4.9 2.7 3.34
- 30. CONCLUSION In conclusion, aim of this task was to study the effect of different forces on the shear force in the beam and the result show that there is a linear relationship between shear force and applied load. Experimental and theoretical shear force shows perfect linear relationship with applied load with very little difference in the values of shear force
- 31. Adavantages of SFD AND BMD The drawing of shear force and bending moment diagram gives elasticity of variation of shear force and bending moment throughout the entire element of beam. The value of maximum shear force and bending moment moment becomes easy to find by seeing the diagram The variation of SF and BM in a diagram is calculated by taking as function of ‘x’ from one end gives the value of deflection of beam as per the given loading without the use of formulae.
- 32. Disadvantages of SFD AND BMD The variation of shear force and bending moment find difficult for indeterminate beams. When the beam is subjected to higher degree loads, like parabolic loads, cuboidal load etc. the drawing of diagram can be complex.
- 33. Importance of SFD and BMD It is important to find out the shear force and bending moment of steal beam/concrete beam/wood beams. It helps to find out the failure load and mode of failure of structure. It will prevent the overloading on structure during design process. The number of steal bars and other structural elements are fixed or calculated based on these analysis. All kind of structures such as bridges, buildings , road, dams etc. are using shear and bending analysis.
- 34. Applications of SFD and BMD While working on complex structures where civil engineering thumb rules (basic considerations of depth and span from experience of civil engineers) does not work well, you need to double check for failure and safe structure. Then these basic rules come to your help and ofcourse you can use it on field because on execution you can find it with help of just a paper and pen if you are familiar with the diagrams and loads working principle.
- 35. Uses of SFD and BMD • Every structure will try to resist the deformation by developing the above internal resistance (Shear, Moment and/or Bending Moment). However, the properties of the body will decide how much resistance would be provided against loading. • For example, • A beam of concrete material has very high resistance to shear. It is however very weak in tension. • A steel beam has high resistance in both shear as well as bending. However, it is very expensive when compared to concrete. • Hence, while designing a beam of concrete we find the points of maximum SFD and BMD values. These values in turn give us the idea as to the kind of material and geometry we need to provide to resist deformation (or failure in general). Since, concrete is very cheap we try to provide as much of it as possible. However, it is weak in tension.
- 37. • Hence, for zones of maximum Bending Moment (which we find from BMD) we provide Steel reinforcements. We also find zones of maximum Shear Force (from SFD). If the shear force values surpass the concrete’s capacity (resistance) we provide steel shear stirrups in order to resist the additional shear. • The same concept is applicable for columns as well. As you can see, SFD, BMD, AFD are merely tools to a greater purpose. The values from these diagrams helps us decide the material & geometry of the design elements.
- 38. Diagram