A presentation that discusses the ecological, ethical and health costs of consuming shark fin soup. While this presentation was designed for high school students in British Columbia, Canada, it can be modified to suit other age groups and other regions. However, there are some graphic images that may not be suitable for younger audiences.

1. What is the cost of shark fin soup?
Elaine Lum
Ecospot
BAT 05, Miami University
April, 2015

2. I used to look forward to Chinese banquets so
that I could have shark fin soup.

3. But then
I discovered the real cost of shark fin soup . . .

4. Ecological costs
1.7 million
tonnes of
sharks are
caught and
sold a year . . .
(Clarke et al., 2006)

5. Ecological costs
resulting in at least 50% decline in all shark
species globally (Baum et al., 2003)

6. Ecological costs
¼ of all shark species are
listed as endangered or
threatened
(Dulvy et al., 2013)

7. Effect on shark populations
There is 89%
less Atlantic
shark species
compared to 15
years ago
(Edwards, 2006)

8. Effect on shark populations
97% of reef
sharks have
disappeared in
the Great
Barrier Reef
(Robbins, Hisano,
Connolly, & Choat,
2006)

9. Why should we care about declines in
shark populations?
As apex predators,
sharks help maintain
balanced populations
of many other marine
species
(Heupel, Knip, Simpfendorfer, &
Dulvy, 2014)

10. • For example,
overfishing of
sharks in
Chesapeake Bay
resulted in the
overpopulation of
cownose rays
• The rays ate all the
bay scallops and
caused the collapse
of the scallop
fishing industry
(Myers, Baum, Shepherd,
Powers, & Peterson, 2007)
Why should we care about declines in
shark populations?

11. Ethical costs: shark finning
• Fins are cut
off while
sharks are
alive
• The carcass is
thrown
overboard, to
sink and
slowly die Watch a video about shark finning in the next slide.
Warning! There are graphic images that may be disturbing for
some viewers

12. Is shark finning legal?
• Shark finning is
regulated in some
countries, including
Canada
• In Canada, shark fins
can only make up 5%
of the total shark
harvest brought inland
• However, this rule can
be exploited as fins do
not have to be
attached to the body
(Godin & Worm, 2010)

13. Is shark finning legal?
• In some countries, like
Costa Rica, there are
tougher regulations to
ensure that finning
does not occur at sea.
• A video produced by
Randall Arauz sparked
public outcry that led
to tougher laws
requiring that all fins
must still be attached
to sharks brought to
market.
Watch an interview with Randall Arauz in the next slide.
Warning! There are graphic images that may be disturbing for
some viewers

14. Criminal costs: illegal poaching
• Endangered and
threatened shark species
are deliberately harvested
in illegal fishing
• For example, in Indonesia,
92% of shark species
caught are listed as
endangered
• One such targeted species
is the scalloped
hammerhead shark
(Sembiring et al., 2015)

15. A new technology to catch shark
poachers: DNA barcoding
• Short pieces of
DNA in shark fins
are used to identify
shark species (Ward,
2009)
• Even DNA from fins
cooked in soup can
be identified (Fields,
Abercrombie, Eng, Feldheim,
& Chapman, 2015)

16. A new technology to catch shark
poachers: DNA barcoding
• This information can help decide which
species should be protected or have fishing
quotas (Liu, Chan, Lin, Hu, & Chen, 2013)
• This information can also be used to prosecute
illegal sales of protected species (Fields et al., 2015)
Watch a video on DNA barcoding in
the next slide.

17. Health costs: Bioaccumulation
• Sharks tend to have
higher
concentrations of
toxins because of
their role as apex
predators.
• This is a process
called
bioaccumulation

18. Health risks in shark fin
• There are non-cancer
health risks due to
bioaccumulation of
Mercury in shark fins
• Eg. autism, infertility,
skin disorders
(Man, Wu, & Wong, 2014)

19. Health risks in shark fin
• Neurotoxins in
shark fins can
cause brain
degeneration
• Eg. Alzheimer’s
disease
(Mondo et al., 2012)

20. So what can you do to protect sharks?

21. What can you do to protect sharks?
• Take the pledge

22. What can you do to protect sharks?
• Sign a petition to ban shark finning
http://www.stopsharkfinning.net/stop-shark-finning-petitions/

23. What can you do to protect sharks?
• Write to your Member of Legislative Assembly and
Member of Parliament asking them to ban the
import and sale of shark fins in Canada
Find your MLA:
http://www.leg.bc.ca/mla/3-1-
1.htm
Find your MP:
http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/compilat
ions/houseofcommons/memberbyposta
lcode.aspx?menu=hoc

24. What can you do to protect sharks?
• Share this
WildAid
video
featuring
NBA star, Yao
Ming, in the
next slide.

25. What can you do to protect sharks?
• Upload and share this presentation with
friends and family

26. What can you do to protect sharks?
• Join the conversation by commenting below

27. Shark Conservation Organizations
http://www.sharktrust.org/
http://www.seashepherd.org/
http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/archived-projects/shark-alliance
http://sharkangels.org/
http://www.sharksavers.org/en/home/

28. Together, we can make a difference for
shark conservation!

29. References
Baum, J. K., Myers, R. A., Kehler, D. G., Worm, B., Harley, S. J., & Doherty, P. A. (2003). Collapse and
conservation of shark populations in the Northwest Atlantic. Science, 5605, 389.
Clarke, S. C., McAllister, M. K., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Kirkwood, G. P., Michielsens, C. G. J., Agnew, D.
J., . . . Shivji, M. S. (2006). Global estimates of shark catches using trade records from
commercial markets. Ecology Letters, 9(10), 1115-1126.
Dulvy, N. K., Fowler, S. L., Musick, J. A., Cavanagh, R. D., Kyne, P. M., Harrison, L. R., . . . White, W. T.
(2013). Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays.
Edwards, H. (2006). When predators become prey: the need for international shark conservation
[comments]. Ocean And Coastal Law Journal, 2, 305.
Fields, A. T., Abercrombie, D. L., Eng, R., Feldheim, K., & Chapman, D. D. (2015). A novel mini-DNA
barcoding assay to identify processed fFins from internationally protected shark species. PLoS
ONE, 10(2), 1-10. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114844
Godin, A. C., & Worm, B. (2010). Keeping the lead: How to strengthen shark conservation and
management policies in Canada. Marine Policy, 34(5), 995-1001. doi:
10.1016/j.marpol.2010.02.006
Heupel, M. R., Knip, D. M., Simpfendorfer, C. A., & Dulvy, N. K. (2014). Sizing up the ecological role of
sharks as predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 495, 291-298.
Liu, S.-Y. V., Chan, C.-L. C., Lin, O., Hu, C.-S., & Chen, C. A. (2013). DNA barcoding of shark meats
identify species composition and CITES-listed species from the markets in Taiwan. PLoS ONE,
8(11), 1-8. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079373

30. Man, Y., Wu, S., & Wong, M. (2014). Shark fin, a symbol of wealth and good fortune
may pose health risks: the case of mercury. Environmental Geochemistry &
Health, 36(6), 1015-1027. doi: 10.1007/s10653-014-9598-3
Mondo, K., Hammerschlag, N., Basile, M., Pablo, J., Banack, S. A., & Mash, D. C. (2012).
Cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in shark fins.
Marine Drugs, 10(6), 509-520. doi: 10.3390/md10020509
Myers, R. A., Baum, J. K., Shepherd, T. D., Powers, S. P., & Peterson, C. H. (2007).
Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean.
Science, 5820, 1846.
Robbins, W. D., Hisano, M., Connolly, S. R., & Choat, J. H. (2006). Ongoing collapse of
coral-reef shark populations. Current Biology, 16(23), 2314-2319.
Sembiring, A., Pertiwi, N. P. D., Mahardini, A., Wulandari, R., Kurniasih, E. M., Kuncoro,
A. W., . . . Mahardika, G. N. (2015). DNA barcoding reveals targeted fisheries for
endangered sharks in Indonesia. Fisheries Research, 164, 130-134. doi:
10.1016/j.fishres.2014.11.003
Ward, R. D. (2009). Shark fin identification through DNA barcoding. Endangered
Species Update, 26(1/2), 3-9.