3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy 2013. Presentation from Session 7: Restoring livelihoods: opportunities for sharing the benefits of water for resettled communities.
This document provides an overview of a watershed-based research project in Ethiopia aimed at mitigating land degradation and improving livelihoods. The project characterized the Gumara-Maksegnit watershed through soil sampling and satellite imagery analysis. Research interventions focused on sustainable land management, water harvesting, and supplemental irrigation. Key results showed that soil conservation measures reduced sediment yield by up to 44% and watershed modeling indicated reforestation and conservation could decrease sediment yield by 79-86%. The project also evaluated new crop varieties, agronomic practices, and introduced forage crops and goat breeding to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of integrated soil and water conservation practices in Kofele District, Ethiopia. The study demonstrated integrated practices including soil bunds planted with grasses at four farmer fields over two years. Soil samples showed increasing trends of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon since establishment, indicating integrated practices improve soil fertility. Farmers, development agents, and experts participated in field visits and found the practices effective for controlling erosion and improving soil. The study recommended scaling up integrated soil and water conservation, especially on agricultural lands, as a strategy for rehabilitating degraded areas and mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration.
Presented by SPM Budisusanti at "South-South cooperation and lessons learned from Indonesia: corrective actions on its national agenda" on 10 November 2021
D5.2 Baseline analysis of agri-environmental trends, impacts and vulnerabilit...envirogrids-blacksee
This document provides an overview and baseline analysis of agricultural trends, impacts, and vulnerabilities in the Black Sea region from 1990-2010. It describes the importance of agriculture in the region, outlines key agricultural and environmental data that was collected from countries like Romania and Ukraine, and identifies major drivers of agricultural and environmental changes. The data and analysis will serve as inputs for large-scale crop models like GEPIC and SWAT to analyze impacts of various factors on agriculture and the environment under different scenarios. The document also provides an in-depth case study analysis of agriculture and the environment in Romania.
This document discusses the use of mathematical programming models to analyze issues related to land degradation. It provides an overview of previous studies that have used optimization models to simulate the effects of land use and policy decisions on soil erosion, poverty, and sustainable land management. The document then describes a specific modeling approach being used by the author to analyze the costs and benefits of afforestation on marginal croplands in Uzbekistan under conditions of uncertainty. The model analyzes land use at the field, farm, and rural household level to understand the impacts of afforestation policies on livelihoods. Preliminary results suggest afforestation can increase farm profits but additional incentives may be needed due to revenue variability, and that land use policies can indirectly
This document provides an overview of a watershed-based research project in Ethiopia aimed at mitigating land degradation and improving livelihoods. The project characterized the Gumara-Maksegnit watershed through soil sampling and satellite imagery analysis. Research interventions focused on sustainable land management, water harvesting, and supplemental irrigation. Key results showed that soil conservation measures reduced sediment yield by up to 44% and watershed modeling indicated reforestation and conservation could decrease sediment yield by 79-86%. The project also evaluated new crop varieties, agronomic practices, and introduced forage crops and goat breeding to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of integrated soil and water conservation practices in Kofele District, Ethiopia. The study demonstrated integrated practices including soil bunds planted with grasses at four farmer fields over two years. Soil samples showed increasing trends of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon since establishment, indicating integrated practices improve soil fertility. Farmers, development agents, and experts participated in field visits and found the practices effective for controlling erosion and improving soil. The study recommended scaling up integrated soil and water conservation, especially on agricultural lands, as a strategy for rehabilitating degraded areas and mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration.
Presented by SPM Budisusanti at "South-South cooperation and lessons learned from Indonesia: corrective actions on its national agenda" on 10 November 2021
D5.2 Baseline analysis of agri-environmental trends, impacts and vulnerabilit...envirogrids-blacksee
This document provides an overview and baseline analysis of agricultural trends, impacts, and vulnerabilities in the Black Sea region from 1990-2010. It describes the importance of agriculture in the region, outlines key agricultural and environmental data that was collected from countries like Romania and Ukraine, and identifies major drivers of agricultural and environmental changes. The data and analysis will serve as inputs for large-scale crop models like GEPIC and SWAT to analyze impacts of various factors on agriculture and the environment under different scenarios. The document also provides an in-depth case study analysis of agriculture and the environment in Romania.
This document discusses the use of mathematical programming models to analyze issues related to land degradation. It provides an overview of previous studies that have used optimization models to simulate the effects of land use and policy decisions on soil erosion, poverty, and sustainable land management. The document then describes a specific modeling approach being used by the author to analyze the costs and benefits of afforestation on marginal croplands in Uzbekistan under conditions of uncertainty. The model analyzes land use at the field, farm, and rural household level to understand the impacts of afforestation policies on livelihoods. Preliminary results suggest afforestation can increase farm profits but additional incentives may be needed due to revenue variability, and that land use policies can indirectly
The document summarizes a study quantifying the tradeoffs of water usage at Yali Reservoir in Vietnam. It finds that meeting 100% of the water demand for agriculture, domestic, and aquaculture uses within a 2km buffer of the reservoir would:
1) Reduce annual reservoir storage capacity and power production by 0.7% and 1% respectively.
2) More significantly reduce dry season storage capacity by 3.6% and power production by 3.5%.
3) Result in an estimated annual economic cost of $462,000 from reduced power generation, though this could bring greater benefits to the surrounding communities through reliable access to water.
Mekong ARCC – Final Workshop – Agriculture Study
A presentation from the International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM)
> Further information: www.icem.com.au
This presentation for the Mekong ARCC project was given by ICEM’s personnel and consultants Olivier Joffre, Dang Kieu Nhan, Bun Chantrea and Jorma Koponen at the Final Workshop in Bangkok – held in March 2013.
The presentation highlights the findings from the Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability Assessment on the agriculture sector in the Lower Mekong Basin. It presents changes in basin-wide crop suitability, changes in hot spot crop yields and provides a vulnerability assessment for key crops in hot spots. The land use suitability evaluation tool (LUSET) was used to evaluate the suitability of specific land units for a range of crops. For each location suitability is based on climatological characteristics such as rainfall, drought and temperature, and each crop has its special requirements which are affected positively or negatively by climate change.
> Read more about Mekong ARCC on the ICEM website www.icem.com.au
4. empirical approaches in eld assessments (a)LandDegradation
This document discusses empirical approaches to assessing economics of land degradation and improvement. It describes using econometric analyses to analyze drivers of land degradation by looking at small pixel levels from remote sensing data. It discusses data sources that can be used as indicators in the analyses, including wealth, population density, topography, land tenure, fertilizer use, and precipitation. These data come from sources like NASA, CIESIN, and the Climate Research Unit and can be analyzed at the pixel level and linked based on geographic location to assess land degradation trends and relationships to socioeconomic factors.
River Basin Planning of Baitarani Sub-BasinIWRS Society
This document summarizes a basin planning study of the Baitarani River sub-basin in Odisha, India. It finds that (1) water demands are projected to exceed availability in the sub-basin by 2037 under normal conditions and 2027 under drought conditions; (2) the Champua and Anandpur sub-catchments in particular will face water stress by 2021 and 2051 respectively if projects are not accelerated; and (3) treated sewage could meet a large portion of projected industrial demands by 2051. It recommends improving irrigation efficiency, expediting project completion, conjunctive groundwater use, and other water management best practices to address the emerging water challenges.
26 nov16 water_productivity_in_agricultureIWRS Society
Water Productivity in Agriculture
Sharad K. Jain and Pushpendra K. Singh - Scientists
Water Resources Systems Division,
National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667
The document discusses watershed development programs and their role in rural development. It defines a watershed as a geo-hydrological area with a common drainage point. The key objectives of watershed programs are conserving and developing the resource base while bringing about desired changes through human resource development to improve resource use efficiency and socio-economic and ecological conditions. It also provides an overview of completed watershed development programs in Karnataka between 1984-2000 and administrative structures for watershed development.
The role of local governance towards facilitating sustainable peatland manage...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Diah Suradiredja, Policy Senior Advisor, Indonesia Biodiversity Trust Fund (KEHATI), at Webinar "A Synthesis and Way Forward", 17 December 2020.
In this session, the speaker explained the common understanding of peatland restoration. This session also underlined the importance of finding the balance between conservation and sustainable use through the multi-stakeholder and cooperation including the local engagement. Speaker also shared the potential criteria and indicators that can be useful in peatland monitoring and assessment such as improving participation, profitability, and productivity of smallholders, reducing social conflict, reducing deforestation and degradation, stock areas, and reducing fire and haze.
This document summarizes land use and soil challenges in Jordan. It outlines that over 91% of Jordan's land is rangeland, with agriculture making up just 5.7% of total land area. The document then describes different agro-zones in Jordan and issues they face like soil degradation, erosion, and salinity. It notes that the steppe and badiah areas used for rangeland also experience desertification, plant cover deterioration, and soil erosion. The document concludes by outlining some of Jordan's priorities and main obstacles to sustainable soil management, which include limited water resources, lack of integrated land and water management across sectors, and financial and skills shortages.
26 nov16 status_of_water_resources_in_uttarakhandIWRS Society
This document discusses the status of water resources in Uttarakhand, India including issues and challenges. It notes that Uttarakhand receives heavy precipitation but is also prone to cloud bursts and flooding which have caused widespread damage. Some key problems facing water management in the state are small land holdings, hilly terrain which limits irrigation, and low benefit-cost ratios for water projects. Climate change is also exacerbating issues like increased temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, glacier retreat and more frequent extreme weather events. Micro-irrigation is mentioned as one approach to help address water challenges in the mountainous state.
Methane emissions from rice fields and its mitigation options by vinal vishal...vinal vishal chand
Methane emissions from rice fields are a major environmental issue. Rice cultivation in flooded fields leads to methane production through anaerobic decomposition. Several factors influence methane emissions, including water management, organic matter application, and soil properties. Emissions can be mitigated through options like intermittent drainage, reduced organic matter use, upland rice cultivation, and soil amendments like ammonium sulfate. While full control is difficult, integrated measures can lower methane emissions from rice paddies.
Remote sensing and census based assessment and scope for improvement of rice and wheat water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic basin - Xueliang Cai and Bharat Sharma, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Land degradation is a serious problem across Eastern Africa, with over 20% of land degraded in Kenya and Ethiopia, over 40% in Malawi, and over 50% in Tanzania according to NDVI decline measures. Major drivers of degradation include expansion of cropland and unsustainable agricultural practices.
- Adoption of sustainable land management practices is low, ranging from 68% of plots in Malawi to 85% in Ethiopia and Tanzania. Use of multiple practices is also limited.
- Logit, multivariate probit, and Poisson regression models find that factors like temperature, rainfall, elevation, soil type, household demographics, education, land tenure, extension access, and credit access influence adoption and intensity
The document outlines the terms of reference for supporting watershed management and agroforestry activities in Myanmar's dry zone. Key points:
- The project will establish community forestry on 1,458 hectares, natural forest conservation on 3,913 hectares, and watershed management on 661 hectares.
- Activities will include forming user groups, capacity building, watershed rehabilitation through reforestation, establishing agroforestry plots, and introducing drought-resilient farming methods.
- The implementation partner will carry out tasks like verifying project sites, developing management plans, implementing activities, and reporting on progress.
This document summarizes key socioeconomic trends and the impacts of climate change on health and infrastructure in the Lower Mekong Basin region. It finds that:
1) Rural livelihoods depend heavily on ecosystem services and smallholder agriculture, though poverty is decreasing.
2) Climate change is expected to significantly impact health through increased heat stress, water-borne diseases, and impacts on infrastructure like damage from flooding.
3) Case studies of provinces find high vulnerability in health from things like lack of access to care and in infrastructure from damage. Adaptation strategies are proposed that integrate across sectors.
Overview of Mekong ARCC Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study for the Lo...Mekong ARCC
This document provides an overview of the objectives and methodology for a climate change impact and adaptation study on natural and agricultural systems in the Mekong River Basin. The study aims to identify climate change impacts and vulnerabilities, define adaptation strategies, and communicate results. Key aspects of the methodology include taking an ecosystem approach, identifying climate change hotspots, analyzing shifts in climate zones, ecosystems and farming systems, and assessing vulnerability through factors like exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Impacts on water resources, food security, livelihoods and biodiversity will be evaluated.
Rice cultivation is a major source of methane emissions globally due to the anaerobic conditions in flooded rice fields. Several factors influence the amount of methane emissions from rice fields, including soil type, fertilizer use, water management practices, and rice cultivars. Techniques to mitigate methane emissions from rice include mid-season drainage, direct seeding, use of alternate fertilizers, growing low-methane rice varieties, and improved tillage practices. However, widespread adoption of mitigation strategies faces challenges such as additional costs, potential yield reductions, and cultural barriers. Further interdisciplinary research is needed to develop mitigation options that reduce emissions while maintaining rice production and farmer livelihoods.
Towards the implementation of the Fertilizer Code at the global levelSoils FAO-GSP
Webinar: Towards the implementation of the International Code of Conduct for the Sustainable Use and Management of Fertilizers (Fertilizer Code). Zineb Bazza (GSP Secretariat
Mekong ARCC Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study for Natural and Agricultural Systems
This presentation from the International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM) about the Mekong ARCC project was given by ICEM's director Jeremy Carew-Reid at the World Bank-sponsored Second Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change, held in Hanoi, Vietnam from 3-7 September 2012.
The presentation focuses on the Mekong ARCC assessments and findings regarding climate change threats to agriculture and subsistence livelihoods. It addresses the significant transition from subsistence to commercial agriculture in the region. Commercial cropping has doubled in the last 20 years, particularly with the growth in production of rubber and cassava. The presentation provides recommendations from the Mekong ARCC assessments focusing on food production, advocating that food production will need to grow by 25% in the next 15 years just to supply local populations. The presentation highlights 'hot spots' in terms of rainfall and temperature changes, and illustrates potential implications for the location of industrial and commercial crops. The presentation focuses on the Se San catchment area, and notes some key changes which have implications for rice cultivation in the context of more extreme flooding and sea level rise.
Workshop on Operationalizing the Regional Collaborative Platform to Address ‘Water Consumption, Water Productivity and Drought Management’ in Agriculture, 27 - 29 October 2015, Cairo, Egypt
Understanding and Communicating Pressures on Future Food Security through Dev...Centre for Global Equality
1) The document discusses developing scenarios to understand pressures on future food security in West Africa through 2050. It considers population growth, increasing food demand, and competing uses of land for agriculture versus preserving ecosystem services.
2) Two scenarios are presented: Scenario 1 assumes low agricultural development continuing current trends, while Scenario 2 invests heavily in agriculture to boost yields. Neither scenario successfully meets food needs while maintaining ecosystem stability.
3) Key strategies are identified to intensify agriculture sustainably, such as improving irrigation, seeds, and smallholder support, while minimizing environmental degradation from land conversion. Tools are proposed to help plan land use and understand tradeoffs between food production and preserving natural resources.
The document summarizes a study quantifying the tradeoffs of water usage at Yali Reservoir in Vietnam. It finds that meeting 100% of the water demand for agriculture, domestic, and aquaculture uses within a 2km buffer of the reservoir would:
1) Reduce annual reservoir storage capacity and power production by 0.7% and 1% respectively.
2) More significantly reduce dry season storage capacity by 3.6% and power production by 3.5%.
3) Result in an estimated annual economic cost of $462,000 from reduced power generation, though this could bring greater benefits to the surrounding communities through reliable access to water.
Mekong ARCC – Final Workshop – Agriculture Study
A presentation from the International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM)
> Further information: www.icem.com.au
This presentation for the Mekong ARCC project was given by ICEM’s personnel and consultants Olivier Joffre, Dang Kieu Nhan, Bun Chantrea and Jorma Koponen at the Final Workshop in Bangkok – held in March 2013.
The presentation highlights the findings from the Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability Assessment on the agriculture sector in the Lower Mekong Basin. It presents changes in basin-wide crop suitability, changes in hot spot crop yields and provides a vulnerability assessment for key crops in hot spots. The land use suitability evaluation tool (LUSET) was used to evaluate the suitability of specific land units for a range of crops. For each location suitability is based on climatological characteristics such as rainfall, drought and temperature, and each crop has its special requirements which are affected positively or negatively by climate change.
> Read more about Mekong ARCC on the ICEM website www.icem.com.au
4. empirical approaches in eld assessments (a)LandDegradation
This document discusses empirical approaches to assessing economics of land degradation and improvement. It describes using econometric analyses to analyze drivers of land degradation by looking at small pixel levels from remote sensing data. It discusses data sources that can be used as indicators in the analyses, including wealth, population density, topography, land tenure, fertilizer use, and precipitation. These data come from sources like NASA, CIESIN, and the Climate Research Unit and can be analyzed at the pixel level and linked based on geographic location to assess land degradation trends and relationships to socioeconomic factors.
River Basin Planning of Baitarani Sub-BasinIWRS Society
This document summarizes a basin planning study of the Baitarani River sub-basin in Odisha, India. It finds that (1) water demands are projected to exceed availability in the sub-basin by 2037 under normal conditions and 2027 under drought conditions; (2) the Champua and Anandpur sub-catchments in particular will face water stress by 2021 and 2051 respectively if projects are not accelerated; and (3) treated sewage could meet a large portion of projected industrial demands by 2051. It recommends improving irrigation efficiency, expediting project completion, conjunctive groundwater use, and other water management best practices to address the emerging water challenges.
26 nov16 water_productivity_in_agricultureIWRS Society
Water Productivity in Agriculture
Sharad K. Jain and Pushpendra K. Singh - Scientists
Water Resources Systems Division,
National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667
The document discusses watershed development programs and their role in rural development. It defines a watershed as a geo-hydrological area with a common drainage point. The key objectives of watershed programs are conserving and developing the resource base while bringing about desired changes through human resource development to improve resource use efficiency and socio-economic and ecological conditions. It also provides an overview of completed watershed development programs in Karnataka between 1984-2000 and administrative structures for watershed development.
The role of local governance towards facilitating sustainable peatland manage...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Diah Suradiredja, Policy Senior Advisor, Indonesia Biodiversity Trust Fund (KEHATI), at Webinar "A Synthesis and Way Forward", 17 December 2020.
In this session, the speaker explained the common understanding of peatland restoration. This session also underlined the importance of finding the balance between conservation and sustainable use through the multi-stakeholder and cooperation including the local engagement. Speaker also shared the potential criteria and indicators that can be useful in peatland monitoring and assessment such as improving participation, profitability, and productivity of smallholders, reducing social conflict, reducing deforestation and degradation, stock areas, and reducing fire and haze.
This document summarizes land use and soil challenges in Jordan. It outlines that over 91% of Jordan's land is rangeland, with agriculture making up just 5.7% of total land area. The document then describes different agro-zones in Jordan and issues they face like soil degradation, erosion, and salinity. It notes that the steppe and badiah areas used for rangeland also experience desertification, plant cover deterioration, and soil erosion. The document concludes by outlining some of Jordan's priorities and main obstacles to sustainable soil management, which include limited water resources, lack of integrated land and water management across sectors, and financial and skills shortages.
26 nov16 status_of_water_resources_in_uttarakhandIWRS Society
This document discusses the status of water resources in Uttarakhand, India including issues and challenges. It notes that Uttarakhand receives heavy precipitation but is also prone to cloud bursts and flooding which have caused widespread damage. Some key problems facing water management in the state are small land holdings, hilly terrain which limits irrigation, and low benefit-cost ratios for water projects. Climate change is also exacerbating issues like increased temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, glacier retreat and more frequent extreme weather events. Micro-irrigation is mentioned as one approach to help address water challenges in the mountainous state.
Methane emissions from rice fields and its mitigation options by vinal vishal...vinal vishal chand
Methane emissions from rice fields are a major environmental issue. Rice cultivation in flooded fields leads to methane production through anaerobic decomposition. Several factors influence methane emissions, including water management, organic matter application, and soil properties. Emissions can be mitigated through options like intermittent drainage, reduced organic matter use, upland rice cultivation, and soil amendments like ammonium sulfate. While full control is difficult, integrated measures can lower methane emissions from rice paddies.
Remote sensing and census based assessment and scope for improvement of rice and wheat water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic basin - Xueliang Cai and Bharat Sharma, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Land degradation is a serious problem across Eastern Africa, with over 20% of land degraded in Kenya and Ethiopia, over 40% in Malawi, and over 50% in Tanzania according to NDVI decline measures. Major drivers of degradation include expansion of cropland and unsustainable agricultural practices.
- Adoption of sustainable land management practices is low, ranging from 68% of plots in Malawi to 85% in Ethiopia and Tanzania. Use of multiple practices is also limited.
- Logit, multivariate probit, and Poisson regression models find that factors like temperature, rainfall, elevation, soil type, household demographics, education, land tenure, extension access, and credit access influence adoption and intensity
The document outlines the terms of reference for supporting watershed management and agroforestry activities in Myanmar's dry zone. Key points:
- The project will establish community forestry on 1,458 hectares, natural forest conservation on 3,913 hectares, and watershed management on 661 hectares.
- Activities will include forming user groups, capacity building, watershed rehabilitation through reforestation, establishing agroforestry plots, and introducing drought-resilient farming methods.
- The implementation partner will carry out tasks like verifying project sites, developing management plans, implementing activities, and reporting on progress.
This document summarizes key socioeconomic trends and the impacts of climate change on health and infrastructure in the Lower Mekong Basin region. It finds that:
1) Rural livelihoods depend heavily on ecosystem services and smallholder agriculture, though poverty is decreasing.
2) Climate change is expected to significantly impact health through increased heat stress, water-borne diseases, and impacts on infrastructure like damage from flooding.
3) Case studies of provinces find high vulnerability in health from things like lack of access to care and in infrastructure from damage. Adaptation strategies are proposed that integrate across sectors.
Overview of Mekong ARCC Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study for the Lo...Mekong ARCC
This document provides an overview of the objectives and methodology for a climate change impact and adaptation study on natural and agricultural systems in the Mekong River Basin. The study aims to identify climate change impacts and vulnerabilities, define adaptation strategies, and communicate results. Key aspects of the methodology include taking an ecosystem approach, identifying climate change hotspots, analyzing shifts in climate zones, ecosystems and farming systems, and assessing vulnerability through factors like exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Impacts on water resources, food security, livelihoods and biodiversity will be evaluated.
Rice cultivation is a major source of methane emissions globally due to the anaerobic conditions in flooded rice fields. Several factors influence the amount of methane emissions from rice fields, including soil type, fertilizer use, water management practices, and rice cultivars. Techniques to mitigate methane emissions from rice include mid-season drainage, direct seeding, use of alternate fertilizers, growing low-methane rice varieties, and improved tillage practices. However, widespread adoption of mitigation strategies faces challenges such as additional costs, potential yield reductions, and cultural barriers. Further interdisciplinary research is needed to develop mitigation options that reduce emissions while maintaining rice production and farmer livelihoods.
Towards the implementation of the Fertilizer Code at the global levelSoils FAO-GSP
Webinar: Towards the implementation of the International Code of Conduct for the Sustainable Use and Management of Fertilizers (Fertilizer Code). Zineb Bazza (GSP Secretariat
Mekong ARCC Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study for Natural and Agricultural Systems
This presentation from the International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM) about the Mekong ARCC project was given by ICEM's director Jeremy Carew-Reid at the World Bank-sponsored Second Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change, held in Hanoi, Vietnam from 3-7 September 2012.
The presentation focuses on the Mekong ARCC assessments and findings regarding climate change threats to agriculture and subsistence livelihoods. It addresses the significant transition from subsistence to commercial agriculture in the region. Commercial cropping has doubled in the last 20 years, particularly with the growth in production of rubber and cassava. The presentation provides recommendations from the Mekong ARCC assessments focusing on food production, advocating that food production will need to grow by 25% in the next 15 years just to supply local populations. The presentation highlights 'hot spots' in terms of rainfall and temperature changes, and illustrates potential implications for the location of industrial and commercial crops. The presentation focuses on the Se San catchment area, and notes some key changes which have implications for rice cultivation in the context of more extreme flooding and sea level rise.
Workshop on Operationalizing the Regional Collaborative Platform to Address ‘Water Consumption, Water Productivity and Drought Management’ in Agriculture, 27 - 29 October 2015, Cairo, Egypt
Understanding and Communicating Pressures on Future Food Security through Dev...Centre for Global Equality
1) The document discusses developing scenarios to understand pressures on future food security in West Africa through 2050. It considers population growth, increasing food demand, and competing uses of land for agriculture versus preserving ecosystem services.
2) Two scenarios are presented: Scenario 1 assumes low agricultural development continuing current trends, while Scenario 2 invests heavily in agriculture to boost yields. Neither scenario successfully meets food needs while maintaining ecosystem stability.
3) Key strategies are identified to intensify agriculture sustainably, such as improving irrigation, seeds, and smallholder support, while minimizing environmental degradation from land conversion. Tools are proposed to help plan land use and understand tradeoffs between food production and preserving natural resources.
Understanding and Communicating Pressures on Future Food Security through Dev...Centre for Global Equality
1) The document discusses developing scenarios to understand pressures on future food security in West Africa through 2050. It considers population growth, increasing food demand, and competing uses of land for agriculture versus preserving ecosystem services.
2) Two scenarios are presented: Scenario 1 assumes low agricultural development with historical yield increases; Scenario 2 assumes high investment and a four-fold yield increase on suitable lands. Neither scenario alone can meet food needs while maintaining ecosystem resilience.
3) Key strategies are identified to intensify agriculture sustainably, minimize land conversion impacts, and reduce resource depletion, such as improving water management, supporting smallholders, prioritizing prime lands, and reducing post-harvest losses. Quantitative "toolkits" are
This document discusses developing scenarios to understand pressures on future food security in West Africa. It analyzes two scenarios for meeting calorie needs in West Africa by 2050: a low development scenario with historical farming practices and a high development scenario with major agricultural investment. The high development scenario could meet calorie needs but would require converting over half of remaining natural land and increasing water withdrawals unsustainably. Neither scenario alone ensures long-term, resilient food security and ecosystem protection. New tools are needed to assess trade-offs between calorie production, land and water use over time to inform decisions balancing food security and environmental sustainability.
German KUST "Sustainable land management oriented projects in Tajikistan: exp...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses SLM oriented projects in Tajikistan and lessons learned from their experiences. It describes two World Bank projects in Tajikistan - the Community Agriculture and Watershed Management Project from 2004-2012, and the Land Registration and Cadastral System for Sustainable Agriculture Project from 2005-2013. It discusses the cross-cutting issues these projects addressed, including land degradation, water resources, climate change vulnerability, and poverty. It also provides examples of subprojects implemented under these initiatives and discusses approaches to SLM, rangeland management, and knowledge sharing that could be applied more broadly.
Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture: Supplemental Irrigation to Improve the ...Sévère FOSSI
Abstract:
In Burkina Faso, agriculture is mainly rainfed, thus highly climate dependent. In order to face climate increasing variability,supplemental irrigation fromponds can improve farm resilience to dry spells. The practice is increasingly accepted by farmers and the government is subsidizing the construction of thousands ponds in the country. This paperis based on a literature review, field surveys and field experiments. Supplemental irrigation improves yields by 25%. The early start of the campaign may be wedged since the first rains from the second decade of May, by keeping animals in sheds and under the condition of a period not longer than twenty days, between the first rains able to fill the pond and the actual start of the rainy season. According to the agro-climatic zone and the quality of the sealing of the pond, water can be stored between 30 and 90 days after the last rains, allowing extending the campaign with a second crop.
1. Ethiopia has a population of 85 million people and faces challenges of high infant mortality, low life expectancy, and lack of access to clean water. Agriculture employs 80% of the labor force.
2. The Lutheran World Federation - Ethiopia has operated in Ethiopia since 1973, focusing on food security, sustainable livelihoods, and emergency response. Its current strategy runs from 2009-2014 and focuses on empowering communities through an integrated approach.
3. The program focuses on food insecure areas, vulnerable populations, disaster-prone regions, and underserved areas. It aims to support food insecure households, disaster-affected communities, marginalized groups, and people with HIV/AIDS, especially women and children
Presented by Siti Nurbaya, Minister of Environment and Forestry, Indonesia, at "Peatlands, a Super Nature Based Solution Teleconference", July 5th, 2021
Managing tank cascades in the dry zone for Optimum supplyDr. P.B.Dharmasena
Presentation made at the seminar organized
by IEPSL on 19th August 2011 at Waters Edge, Colombo to explain the importance of tank cascade management in sustainable water resources management
Item 2. National updates on soil - SudanSoils FAO-GSP
The document summarizes soil and land management activities in Sudan under the five pillars of the UNCCD. Under Pillar 1, Sudan is participating in the Great Green Wall initiative to address desertification and climate change impacts. It is also developing a soil information system and digital soil map. Pillar 2 activities include organizing World Soil Day events and a soil doctors program. Under Pillar 3, a land and water research center is conducting studies on soil fertility, water management, and reclamation. Pillar 4 involves developing a soil information system, soil atlas, and soil catalogue. Finally, Pillar 5 aims to harmonize soil data and analysis methods.
Environment and Natural Resources Recovery in Yemen - English Version.pdfAbdulkhaleq Alwan
The document analyzes the current situation and recovery priorities related to the environment and natural resources in Yemen. It identifies several key issues, including solid waste pollution, lack of sewage treatment, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, and risks from oil spills. Water resources are under severe stress due to high population growth, over-extraction of groundwater, and damage to infrastructure from the conflict. Agriculture is heavily reliant on imports due to low productivity and a focus on cash crops like qat over food. Recovery priorities identified include restoring water and sanitation services, developing renewable energy, and preparing a national water strategy to improve management of critical natural resources.
This document discusses fog harvesting as a solution to water scarcity problems in hilly northeastern regions of India. It explains that fog harvesting uses large pieces of mesh to collect water from fog, which is then stored in reservoirs. While fog harvesting has disadvantages like requiring high humidity and maintenance, the document proposes ways to address these issues through community participation and combining it with rainwater harvesting. It provides examples of fog harvesting implementations in Nepal and cost estimates. Topo-sequential cropping is also summarized as an approach to optimize crop growth on sloping land through suitable crop selection and combinations in different slope positions.
Karkheh Basin Focal Project: Synthesis of approach, findings and lessons. Poolad Karimi on behalf of the BFP1 team 2nd International Forum on Water & Food Addis Ababa, Ethiopia November 2008
Land suitability and availability for biofuel feedstock production in sub-Sah...SIANI
Presented as part of the seminar: South at the Steering Wheel - Improving sustainability in land investment for bioenergy in sub-Saharan Africa
29th May 2012, 08:00 - 17:30
Naturvårdsverket (Swedish EPA), Stockholm, Sweden
Speaker: Dr. Helen Watson, University of Kwazulu Natal (South Africa)
Helen Watson discusses assessing land suitability as often based on finding suitable land for a
specific feedstock. Her concerns include:
The limitations of the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT)(Dragisic et al., 2010) for African conditions
The lack of consideration of good management practices in agro-environmental zoning methodology, and the proposed exclusion of slopes steeper than 20% from being zoned as suitable, although such slopes are routinely used in commercial production
The lack of long term, spatially extensive data on the wide range of climatic parameters needed to predict yield performances in particular (1 km2) parcels.
The need for research on what changes in animal migration patterns could follow from climate change, and ensuring that any new fencing for bioenergy projects would not infer with such changes.
The inclusion of archaeologically and historically/culturally significant areas and sites into GIS. Literature on such sites often lacks GPS co-ordinates.
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Sharing benefits of the yali hydropower reservoir
1. Sharing Benefits of the Yali hydropower
Reservoir, Vietnam - farming in drawdown area
Tran Duc Toan & Nguyen Duy Phuong
Soils and fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI)
MK1 Project – Optimizing Reservoir Management for Livelihoods
2. Yali hydropower
Yali HP was built from 1993-2003
Total basin of Yali reservoir: 7445 Km2
Effective water level: 515 m
Dead water level: 490 m
Objectives:
National Economic development
Sources: Cao Thi Yen 2003
3. Yali HP and Social Impacts
It has large impacted on social aspects
Table 1:
Major loss due to Yali reservoir
Items
Unit
1.Resettled people
Individual
5384
2.Resettled households
HH
1149
3.Resettlement villages
Villages
4.Inundated land
ha
6480
5.Farming land
ha
1933
+ Wet rice field
ha
871
+ Other crops
ha
1100
ha
3492
6.Forest land
Amount
9
Sources: Cao Thi Yen 2003
5. Major Challenges in Consequence
Paddy land limited due to inundated
High pressure of population (Local
& Immigration)
Upland,
forestland
has
been
exploited inappropriate approach
for farming activities, causing land
rapid degradation
Unattainable livelihood
6. Consequence of Resettlement
A story after 20 years of resettlement in Yali
HP:
+ Shortage cultivated land & Poor irrigation
system
+ Poor livelihood resources
+ Food insecurity at HH level /Jarai people
+ High poverty rate (40-45%) remains
mostly Jarai ethnic people
7. Opportunities for Enhance Local Livelihood
It estimated about 26.000 ha of semi-flooded land
area in Yali reservoir
+ Of which 1900 ha of semi-flooded land belongs to
resettled communities & 1500 ha can serve for agriculture
+ More than 600 ha of semi-flooded
cultivated, mostly with cassava, by 500 HH
area
has
+ Paddy rice only cultivate one crop per year
BSS and livelihood survey indicated that the drawdown
area is high productive and crucial to the livelihood of local
people, but high risk due to short duration of land
exposition and sudden flooding occurred
8. Hydrological behavior in Yali reservoir
Duration of Land Exposition in reservoir
Months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Water level
505-510 mls
----
510 – 512 mls
----
////////////////////////////////////////////////
Land exposition 170 days
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
----
12
Land exposition 210 days
Water flooded
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-----------------
512-515 mls
Land exposition 240-260 days
----------------Water flooded
------------------------
Water flooded
Which crops can grow in context of reservoir? and give a
better income for farmer HH ?
9. Pilot Trial Activities
Pilot trails
- Short term variety of cassava KM98-7 has been selected
among four tested varieties to test in semi-flooded area “
Higher income for farmer HH)
- Short term variety of Rice P6DB has been selected to test a
second rice crop in semi-flooded area “ More rice for food
security”
10. Pilot Results of cassava in semi-flooded area
of Yali Reservoir cassava
1.Result of pilot 2012
Varieties
Yield
(ton/ha)
KM140
25,2
KM98-7
Starch
Gross
Input cost
content
income
(M.vnd/ha)
%
(M.vnd/ha)
Net
income
(M.vnd/ha)
22.8
35.28
14.54
20.74
32,6
26.2
45.64
16.02
29.62
KM21-12
28,5
23.0
39.9
15.20
24.70
KM94 (Control)
21,4
21,0
29.96
13.74
16.22
2. Result of pilot 2013
Yield
(ton/ha)
Starch
content
%
Gross
income
(M.vnd/ha)
Input cost
(M.vnd/ha)
Net
income
(M.vnd/ha)
KM140
26.6
23.0
43.3
13.3
30.0
KM98-7
34.8
27.7
63.9
15.8
48.1
KM94 (Control)
24.4
21.4
37.5
12.1
25.1
Varieties
11. Pilot Results of rice in semi-flooded area
of in Yali Reservoir
3. Result of pilot 2013
Varieties
Yield
(ta/ha)
Gross
income
(M.vnd/ha)
25,51
Input cost
(M.vnd/ha)
Net income
(M.vnd/ha)
9,5
16,01
Q5
34,5
P6DB
41,0
28,70
9,5
19,20
IR64
28,5
19,95
9,5
10,05
This gave an evidence that second rice in semiflooded area, food security at HH level can achieved
12. Upscale of MK1 Project in Yali Reservoir
Results of pilot in 2012 & 2013
farmers
has attracted
Different training courses and field visits has been
organized in period of 2012-2013 for more than
500 farmer HH in four communes reservoir affected
Result of upscale: 20 ha of short term variety
of cassava has expanded by 34 farmer HH in
semi-flooded area in 2013
The district (DARD) plan to increase the area of KM
98-7 to 400-500 ha in 2016 -2017
Economic term: It roughly estimates about 9.012.0 billion VND could be obtained if KM98-7 will
replace old varieties after 4 years of MK1 project
13. Lesion Learn from MK1 in Vietnam
A) Anthropology:
Ethnic minority: Jarai
Backward farming activities: Shifting
cultivation, monoculture, extensive farming.
Low education level
No experience on intensive farming
Resettlement on the areas which land have been
degraded
Ineffective farming, land is being sold to buyer
(majority Kinh people which also has been
resettled, leading to inherently lack of arable
land, causing more stress.
14. Lesion Learn from MK1 in Vietnam (cont.)
B) Natural conditions
The fluctuation of Water level depends on Hydropower operation
Understand water regime of reservoir is a key point to design cropping
system in semi-flooded area
A mechanism to exchange between Yali HP Company and local government
on water regime information is crucial for farmer to use semi-flooded area,
increase income “It has been established”
Introducing shorter term variety to fit the crop planting calendar with the
duration of land exposure in the drawdown area could be achieved the
objective of limiting the risk of food security
Early harvest of cassava in semi-flooded area, it is hard to keep seedling for
coming year, so it strictly requires “Seedling must be multiplied on upland”
Pilot of paddy rice in second crop has succeeded, but it can not upscale
because local objective doesn't focus on rice “Less area for paddy rice in
semi-flooded area”
15. Further Actions after MK1 Project
Capacity building for local extension workers and farmers on
ICM for suitable crop systems on inundated area as well as on
the sloping land
Training on soil conservation and conservation agriculture
for sustainable agricultural production for farmers and local
extension survice staffs on both soil topography.
Local government/DARD has committed to multiple the
seedling at farmer house for next years. “This has been done
by farmers in 2013, about 2 ha of seedling for 2014, and 5 ha
for 2015”
Improvement of Diversify income for farmers , this action is
not only in semi-flooded area, but also on upland:
mixed/inter-cropping (annual with perennial (rubber, coffee)
for multi-products “DARD’s requirement”