BUILDING BUSINESS APPLICATIONS WITH HOLOLENS
AND CLOUD
“HoloLens Evangelist”
I am responsible for architecture related business for our project services
department at ETTU. I’m involved as architect at different companies like Jumbo
Maritime, PGGM, Gemeente Amersfoort and others
Alexander Meijers
ABOUT ME
 Solutions Architect for ETTU
 Founder of the Mixed Reality User Group
 MixUG: http://www.mixug.nl
 Email: a.meijers@ettu.nl or alexander@appzinside.com
 Twitter: @ameijers
 Blog: http://www.appzinside.com
5INTRO ETTU
TODAY’S TALK
AGENDA
 Realities explained
 Microsoft HoloLens
 Fields of Application
 HoloLens capabilities
 Gestures
 Sound
 Spatial understanding
 Local storage
 Cloud
 Data
 Connectivity
 User Experience
 Security
Slider
Content Ads
REALITIES EXPLAINED
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 7
REALITIES
EXPLAINED
Merging of real and virtual worlds to
produce new environments and
visualizations where physical and
digital objects co-exist and interact
in real time.
An overlay of synthetic content on
the real world that is anchored to
and interacts with the real world
MIXED REALITY
Direct or indirect view of a physical,
real-world environment whose
elements are augmented by
computer-generated sensory input
such as sound, video, graphics
or GPS data
An overlay of content on the real
world where that content is not
anchored to or part of it
AUGMENTED REALITY
Generation of realistic images, sounds
and other sensations that replicate a
real environment or create an
imaginary setting
An immersive experience created
entirely from computer-generated
Content. Also similar to 360 degree
video
VIRTUAL REALITY
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 8
EVERYTHING
BECOMES MIXED REALITY
 Virtual Reality devices
 SteamVR
 AltSpaceVR
 October/November 2017
IMMERSIVE HEADSETS
 Mixed Reality Device
 Developer and Commercial Suite
version
 Since October 2016
HOLOLENS
2019
HoloLens v3
MICROSOFT HOLOLENS
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 11
MICROSOFT HOLOLENS
 First Holographic computer running on Windows 10
 Contains a CPU, GPU and HPU
 Human understanding
 Gesture and voice input
 Gaze tracking
 Spatial sound
 Uses wi-fi to connect and has no wires attached
 Design for comfort
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 12
SENSORS, OPTICS AND
SPEAKERS
Environment
camera
Depth
camera
Video
camera
Spatial Sound
With
speakers
High definition
lenses
“DEMONSTRATION OF HOLOLENS
APPLICATIONS”
“Holograms”
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 15
MICROSOFT HOLOLENS
EDITIONS
 Kiosk mode
 Limiting running apps to enable demo or showcase experiences
 MDM
 Manage Multiple HoloLens devices through solutions like Microsoft
Intune
 Business Store Portal
 Private enterprise store for your companies apps
 Secure boot
 Only boot software which is trusted for your organization
 Windows Update for Business
 Controlled OS updates to device
FIELDS OF APPLICATION
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 17
FIELDS OF APPLICATION
HoloLens
 Enables the user to visualize
surrounding which is not
directly visible
 Get visual insight of an
object or model
 Modelling of non-existing
objects
VISUALIZATION
 Enrich real-world
environment objects with
information
 Show information as part of
the real-world on a wall or
table
 Show additional information
to objects, persons or
activities
PROVISIONING
OF INFORMATION
 Support through linked
view, voice and gestures
 Meetings around
Holographic objects
 Working together on
projects whereby
visualization is an important
part
 Working together when
distance is involved
WORKING
TOGETHER
 Holographic media
 Enrich media with
additional holographic
objects
MEDIA AND
ENTERTAINMENT
 Experience learning
 Getting more realistic
teaching by moving 2D
presentations in books to
3D holographic models
EDUCATION
 Play games as part of your
real-world environment
 Game interaction with your
walls, ceiling and floor
GAMING
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 18
HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 19
HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 20
HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 21
HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 22
HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 23
HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
“DEMONSTRATION OF SPATIAL DESIGN
CONCEPT”
“HoloLens app for creating neighbourhood facilities”
INPUT CONTROLS
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 26
INPUT CONTROLS
GAZE
 The direction of the HoloLens pointing is called the gaze
 In principle the direction in which you look
 Hits an object or part of the environment
 Used for selecting or pointing
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 27
INPUT CONTROLS
GESTURES
 Recognize input by tracking the position of either or
both hands within the gesture frame
 Bloom gesture
 Click gesture
 Press and release
 Click gesture with hold
 Manipulation
 Navigation
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 28
INPUT CONTROLS
SPEECH
 Use words or sentences to control your environment
 English language only at the moment
 Hey Cortana
SPATIAL SOUND
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 30
SPATIAL SOUND
POSSIBILITIES
 Simulates 3D sound using direction, distance and environmental
simulations
 Above, below, behind, to the side, etc.
How?
Gaze Mixing
 Attach sound to holographic objects
 Works also when object is not in line of sight
 Used to draw attention
Audio Haptics
 Selecting an object
 Hands within the gesture frame
Immersion
 Ambient sounds surrounding the user
 Background music
SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 32
SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING
PERCEPTION
 Spatial perception and mapping
 Rooms
 Different ways of detecting and working with spatial
perception
 Meshes & planes
Spatial perception is the
ability to be aware of
your relationships with
the environment around
you and with yourself
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 33
SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING
PERCEPTION
 Device scans your environment and builds a digital model in
real time
 It allows HoloLens to see different surfaces, walls and ceiling
 Possible to simulate a physical space
 E.g. Projecting a terain over your floor
“DEMONSTRATION OF SPATIAL MAPPING
HOLOGRAM”
“Spatial Understanding”
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 36
TECHNOLOGIES
VUFORIA
 Allows you to develop holographic apps which recognize
specific things in the environment and attach experiences to
them
 Recognizes specific images and objects in the environment
 Connects holograms to targets
 Vuforia engine
 Extend the capabilities of your holographic app
 Targets can be stored on Device or in the Cloud
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 37
TECHNOLOGIES
SHARING EXPERIENCES
 Two or more people are experiencing the same holographic
objects
 Accomplished by anchor sharing
 Use cloud to send anchors over to other devices
CLOUD & DATA
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 39
CLOUD & DATA
The workforce in your application is defined by the
amount and type of data which is transferred from
and to the HoloLens application
DATA
Use of certain data, latency when connecting
services and security will influence the user
experience
USER EXPERIENCE
Location and preferences of your customer defines
the ability of your HoloLens application to connect
to services and is divided into different scenarios
CONNECTIVITY
Data transferred need to be secured depending on
the type of data. Also authentication differs from
online services and available customer security.
SECURITY
APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
COSTS
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 40
APPLICATION
REQUIREMENTS
 What is the goal of your application?
 Are you storing any data?
 Storage on device
 Storage in the Cloud
 What type of data are you storing?
 Common application data
 Holograph objects
 Sensory data
 Are you depending on any (external) data?
 Need the data to be exposed to other services or
applications?
 Where is the device used?
 What kind of access do we have with external sources?
 Continuously
 Hybrid
 Offline
 What is the impact on user experience of HoloLens users?
 Security
 Latency with connected sources
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 41
DATA
LOCAL STORAGE
 Only allowed to store files to a number of local folders
 Save or open from another App like OneDrive
 HoloLens does not support connecting external hard drives or
SD Cards
 There is no File Explorer application
 You could use the Windows Device Portal
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 42
DATA SERVICES
CONNECTING DATA TO HOLOLENS
 Online Services
 Bing
 Other third-party services
 Azure Services
 Custom services
 Bots / AI
 Azure Cognitive Services
 Office 365
 Microsoft Graph
 SharePoint Online
 Special
 Vuforia Cloud Recognition Service
“DEMONSTRATION OF HOLOMARKER”
“HoloLens app using SharePoint Online as
registration service for tagging improvements”
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 44
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTION SCENARIOS
 Preloading data to device and
post saving data to Cloud
 No internet whatsoever
 Keep application small by
getting only relevant data
OFFLINE
 Connection not always present
or very low bandwidth
 Application runs in different
environments with different
connectivity
 Caching mechanism for
availability of data and
performance
HYBRID
 Continuously connected
 Get only data when needed
 Caching mechanism for
performance
ONLINE
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 45
CLOUD & DATA
SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
 Do you need to secure your content?
 Building services
 Is your content available for other applications?
 Is your content anonymous available for the big world?
 E.g. a service which delivers certain data from your organization or type
of services
 GDPR is not an illusion, data need to be secured depending
on the content
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 46
CLOUD & DATA
IDENTITY & AUTHENTICATION
Anonymous External Providers
(Facebook, Twitter, Google, etc.)
Azure Active Directory Custom Providers Keys
Online services X X X X X
Office 365
Microsoft Graph
X
Azure Services
(AI/Bots/Custom)
X X X
Office 365
SharePoint Online
X
Azure Cognitive Services X
Vuforia Cloud Recognition
Service
X
“DEMONSTRATION OF OFFICE
SKETCH”
“HoloLens app accessing Microsoft Graph”
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 48
USER EXPERIENCE
USER PERSPECTIVE
 Ensure the application is comfortable to the user
 Avoid abrupt movements
 Allow them to see the world in the background
 Animation from down, left or right or fade in
 Move content slowly and smoothly toward the user
 Keep a minimal distance of 3 meters
 Design your application from an user’s unique point of view
 Determine if the user moves around, user is sitting down or standing
 The user is the camera!
 Let them control the movement
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 49
USER EXPERIENCE
HOLOGRAPHIC FRAME
 Use the center of the holographic frame for your holographic
objects
 Help the user through guideness
 Arrows pointing to a specific location
 Light trails
 Pointers
 Spatial sound
 Voice prompts
 Make sure your holograms fit the frame and be part of the
real-life environment
 They will feel natural
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 50
USER EXPERIENCE
APPLICATION
 Make sure that your application uses background processes
to prevent latency
 Only load data which you actually need
 Keep traffic to a minimum when accessing services
 Keep framerates up to 60 fps
 Use optimized assets specifically build for HoloLens
“DEMONSTRATION OF HOLOMAPS”
“HoloLens app using Bing as a service”
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 52
CLOUD & DATA
COSTS
 Devices
 Number of devices
 Development or Commercial Suite edition
 Additional hardware / software
 Sensors to enhance application or collect data
 Embedded software/hardware
 Additional cost for solution development to support hybrid and offline scenarios
 Holograms
 External services
 Data storage
 Retrieval of data
 Use of a services
WRAP-UP
HOLOLENS & CLOUD 54
WRAP-UP
TAKEAWAYS
 HoloLens is at the moment the best mixed reality device for
building applications for small to large business
 The inbuild gestures, speech, spatial sound and spatial
mapping give the user that true immersive experience for
building business applications
 Consider application requirements and the cost
 When building applications keep the four in mind; Data,
Connectivity, User Experience and Security
THANKS FOR WATCHING!
SharePoint Unite
Kampenringweg 45b, Gouda
0182-686 000
a.meijers@ettu.nl / alexander@appzinside.com
Contact me:
facebook.com/alexandermeijers.5
@ameijers
Follow me on:

SharePoint Unite - Build business applications with HoloLens and Cloud

  • 2.
    BUILDING BUSINESS APPLICATIONSWITH HOLOLENS AND CLOUD
  • 3.
    “HoloLens Evangelist” I amresponsible for architecture related business for our project services department at ETTU. I’m involved as architect at different companies like Jumbo Maritime, PGGM, Gemeente Amersfoort and others Alexander Meijers ABOUT ME  Solutions Architect for ETTU  Founder of the Mixed Reality User Group  MixUG: http://www.mixug.nl  Email: a.meijers@ettu.nl or alexander@appzinside.com  Twitter: @ameijers  Blog: http://www.appzinside.com
  • 4.
    5INTRO ETTU TODAY’S TALK AGENDA Realities explained  Microsoft HoloLens  Fields of Application  HoloLens capabilities  Gestures  Sound  Spatial understanding  Local storage  Cloud  Data  Connectivity  User Experience  Security Slider Content Ads
  • 5.
  • 6.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD7 REALITIES EXPLAINED Merging of real and virtual worlds to produce new environments and visualizations where physical and digital objects co-exist and interact in real time. An overlay of synthetic content on the real world that is anchored to and interacts with the real world MIXED REALITY Direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data An overlay of content on the real world where that content is not anchored to or part of it AUGMENTED REALITY Generation of realistic images, sounds and other sensations that replicate a real environment or create an imaginary setting An immersive experience created entirely from computer-generated Content. Also similar to 360 degree video VIRTUAL REALITY
  • 7.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD8 EVERYTHING BECOMES MIXED REALITY  Virtual Reality devices  SteamVR  AltSpaceVR  October/November 2017 IMMERSIVE HEADSETS  Mixed Reality Device  Developer and Commercial Suite version  Since October 2016 HOLOLENS 2019 HoloLens v3
  • 8.
  • 9.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD11 MICROSOFT HOLOLENS  First Holographic computer running on Windows 10  Contains a CPU, GPU and HPU  Human understanding  Gesture and voice input  Gaze tracking  Spatial sound  Uses wi-fi to connect and has no wires attached  Design for comfort
  • 10.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD12 SENSORS, OPTICS AND SPEAKERS Environment camera Depth camera Video camera Spatial Sound With speakers High definition lenses
  • 11.
  • 12.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD15 MICROSOFT HOLOLENS EDITIONS  Kiosk mode  Limiting running apps to enable demo or showcase experiences  MDM  Manage Multiple HoloLens devices through solutions like Microsoft Intune  Business Store Portal  Private enterprise store for your companies apps  Secure boot  Only boot software which is trusted for your organization  Windows Update for Business  Controlled OS updates to device
  • 13.
  • 14.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD17 FIELDS OF APPLICATION HoloLens  Enables the user to visualize surrounding which is not directly visible  Get visual insight of an object or model  Modelling of non-existing objects VISUALIZATION  Enrich real-world environment objects with information  Show information as part of the real-world on a wall or table  Show additional information to objects, persons or activities PROVISIONING OF INFORMATION  Support through linked view, voice and gestures  Meetings around Holographic objects  Working together on projects whereby visualization is an important part  Working together when distance is involved WORKING TOGETHER  Holographic media  Enrich media with additional holographic objects MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT  Experience learning  Getting more realistic teaching by moving 2D presentations in books to 3D holographic models EDUCATION  Play games as part of your real-world environment  Game interaction with your walls, ceiling and floor GAMING
  • 15.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD18 HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
  • 16.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD19 HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
  • 17.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD20 HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
  • 18.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD21 HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
  • 19.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD22 HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
  • 20.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD23 HOLOLENS EXAMPLES
  • 21.
    “DEMONSTRATION OF SPATIALDESIGN CONCEPT” “HoloLens app for creating neighbourhood facilities”
  • 22.
  • 23.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD26 INPUT CONTROLS GAZE  The direction of the HoloLens pointing is called the gaze  In principle the direction in which you look  Hits an object or part of the environment  Used for selecting or pointing
  • 24.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD27 INPUT CONTROLS GESTURES  Recognize input by tracking the position of either or both hands within the gesture frame  Bloom gesture  Click gesture  Press and release  Click gesture with hold  Manipulation  Navigation
  • 25.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD28 INPUT CONTROLS SPEECH  Use words or sentences to control your environment  English language only at the moment  Hey Cortana
  • 26.
  • 27.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD30 SPATIAL SOUND POSSIBILITIES  Simulates 3D sound using direction, distance and environmental simulations  Above, below, behind, to the side, etc. How? Gaze Mixing  Attach sound to holographic objects  Works also when object is not in line of sight  Used to draw attention Audio Haptics  Selecting an object  Hands within the gesture frame Immersion  Ambient sounds surrounding the user  Background music
  • 28.
  • 29.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD32 SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING PERCEPTION  Spatial perception and mapping  Rooms  Different ways of detecting and working with spatial perception  Meshes & planes Spatial perception is the ability to be aware of your relationships with the environment around you and with yourself
  • 30.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD33 SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING PERCEPTION  Device scans your environment and builds a digital model in real time  It allows HoloLens to see different surfaces, walls and ceiling  Possible to simulate a physical space  E.g. Projecting a terain over your floor
  • 31.
    “DEMONSTRATION OF SPATIALMAPPING HOLOGRAM” “Spatial Understanding”
  • 32.
  • 33.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD36 TECHNOLOGIES VUFORIA  Allows you to develop holographic apps which recognize specific things in the environment and attach experiences to them  Recognizes specific images and objects in the environment  Connects holograms to targets  Vuforia engine  Extend the capabilities of your holographic app  Targets can be stored on Device or in the Cloud
  • 34.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD37 TECHNOLOGIES SHARING EXPERIENCES  Two or more people are experiencing the same holographic objects  Accomplished by anchor sharing  Use cloud to send anchors over to other devices
  • 35.
  • 36.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD39 CLOUD & DATA The workforce in your application is defined by the amount and type of data which is transferred from and to the HoloLens application DATA Use of certain data, latency when connecting services and security will influence the user experience USER EXPERIENCE Location and preferences of your customer defines the ability of your HoloLens application to connect to services and is divided into different scenarios CONNECTIVITY Data transferred need to be secured depending on the type of data. Also authentication differs from online services and available customer security. SECURITY APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS COSTS
  • 37.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD40 APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS  What is the goal of your application?  Are you storing any data?  Storage on device  Storage in the Cloud  What type of data are you storing?  Common application data  Holograph objects  Sensory data  Are you depending on any (external) data?  Need the data to be exposed to other services or applications?  Where is the device used?  What kind of access do we have with external sources?  Continuously  Hybrid  Offline  What is the impact on user experience of HoloLens users?  Security  Latency with connected sources
  • 38.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD41 DATA LOCAL STORAGE  Only allowed to store files to a number of local folders  Save or open from another App like OneDrive  HoloLens does not support connecting external hard drives or SD Cards  There is no File Explorer application  You could use the Windows Device Portal
  • 39.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD42 DATA SERVICES CONNECTING DATA TO HOLOLENS  Online Services  Bing  Other third-party services  Azure Services  Custom services  Bots / AI  Azure Cognitive Services  Office 365  Microsoft Graph  SharePoint Online  Special  Vuforia Cloud Recognition Service
  • 40.
    “DEMONSTRATION OF HOLOMARKER” “HoloLensapp using SharePoint Online as registration service for tagging improvements”
  • 41.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD44 CONNECTIVITY CONNECTION SCENARIOS  Preloading data to device and post saving data to Cloud  No internet whatsoever  Keep application small by getting only relevant data OFFLINE  Connection not always present or very low bandwidth  Application runs in different environments with different connectivity  Caching mechanism for availability of data and performance HYBRID  Continuously connected  Get only data when needed  Caching mechanism for performance ONLINE
  • 42.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD45 CLOUD & DATA SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS  Do you need to secure your content?  Building services  Is your content available for other applications?  Is your content anonymous available for the big world?  E.g. a service which delivers certain data from your organization or type of services  GDPR is not an illusion, data need to be secured depending on the content
  • 43.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD46 CLOUD & DATA IDENTITY & AUTHENTICATION Anonymous External Providers (Facebook, Twitter, Google, etc.) Azure Active Directory Custom Providers Keys Online services X X X X X Office 365 Microsoft Graph X Azure Services (AI/Bots/Custom) X X X Office 365 SharePoint Online X Azure Cognitive Services X Vuforia Cloud Recognition Service X
  • 44.
    “DEMONSTRATION OF OFFICE SKETCH” “HoloLensapp accessing Microsoft Graph”
  • 45.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD48 USER EXPERIENCE USER PERSPECTIVE  Ensure the application is comfortable to the user  Avoid abrupt movements  Allow them to see the world in the background  Animation from down, left or right or fade in  Move content slowly and smoothly toward the user  Keep a minimal distance of 3 meters  Design your application from an user’s unique point of view  Determine if the user moves around, user is sitting down or standing  The user is the camera!  Let them control the movement
  • 46.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD49 USER EXPERIENCE HOLOGRAPHIC FRAME  Use the center of the holographic frame for your holographic objects  Help the user through guideness  Arrows pointing to a specific location  Light trails  Pointers  Spatial sound  Voice prompts  Make sure your holograms fit the frame and be part of the real-life environment  They will feel natural
  • 47.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD50 USER EXPERIENCE APPLICATION  Make sure that your application uses background processes to prevent latency  Only load data which you actually need  Keep traffic to a minimum when accessing services  Keep framerates up to 60 fps  Use optimized assets specifically build for HoloLens
  • 48.
    “DEMONSTRATION OF HOLOMAPS” “HoloLensapp using Bing as a service”
  • 49.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD52 CLOUD & DATA COSTS  Devices  Number of devices  Development or Commercial Suite edition  Additional hardware / software  Sensors to enhance application or collect data  Embedded software/hardware  Additional cost for solution development to support hybrid and offline scenarios  Holograms  External services  Data storage  Retrieval of data  Use of a services
  • 50.
  • 51.
    HOLOLENS & CLOUD54 WRAP-UP TAKEAWAYS  HoloLens is at the moment the best mixed reality device for building applications for small to large business  The inbuild gestures, speech, spatial sound and spatial mapping give the user that true immersive experience for building business applications  Consider application requirements and the cost  When building applications keep the four in mind; Data, Connectivity, User Experience and Security
  • 52.
    THANKS FOR WATCHING! SharePointUnite Kampenringweg 45b, Gouda 0182-686 000 a.meijers@ettu.nl / alexander@appzinside.com Contact me: facebook.com/alexandermeijers.5 @ameijers Follow me on:

Editor's Notes

  • #6 Introduction (5min) Mixed Reality (5min) Microsoft HoloLens (10min) Device explained Demo Fields of Application (10min) HoloLens capabilities(15min) Gestures Spatial Sound Spatial Understanding Demo Storage Cloud (25min) Applications and services Demos Authentication Offline and caching Design considerations Wrap-up (5min)
  • #28 Gesture frame is also called the Frustrum
  • #37 Examples: Projection on machinery and pull out real life objects as holograms and display exploded views Indicate positions for your application
  • #51 https://hackernoon.com/the-ux-workflow-for-hololens-mixed-reality-3bf59192e577
  • #53 Commercial Suite edition (E.g. Kiosk mode to persist use of your application) Sensors to enhance data (E.g. temperature, motion of other physics) Storage of data is mostly inexpensive while retrieval of data is more costly Use of a service (E.g. Cognitive Services are paid per call)