This document summarizes Professor Harold Mouras's presentation on affective neurosciences of social links at the WAS 2015 Meeting in Singapore. The presentation aimed to unify observations across psychological and neural levels and discuss recent advances in understanding emotional and motivational processes in relational contexts. It highlighted two key areas: 1) neural correlates of sexual motivation have been observed through brain imaging studies coordinated with measures of genital response, and 2) motor correlates of emotion and motivation have been demonstrated through studies measuring postural changes in response to emotional stimuli. The presentation provided insights into social neuroscience by exploring the physiological and neural underpinnings of motivated social relationships.
Walker EHE, Ruiz-Torres R, Miller LE, Perreault EJ. Heightened attention to proprioceptive feedback is not sufficient for long-latency reflex modulation during arm posture. Society for Neuroscience Conference, Chicago IL, October 17 2015. (poster)
Walker EHE, Ruiz-Torres R, Miller LE, Perreault EJ. Heightened attention to proprioceptive feedback is not sufficient for long-latency reflex modulation during arm posture. Society for Neuroscience Conference, Chicago IL, October 17 2015. (poster)
Justin Lurie, Gottesman Company, Mergers & Acquisition (M&A) Webinar for Unit...Justin L. Lurie
Overview of Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) in the US. Who are the players, what and how does the process unfold.
Top Five factors to consider before Purchasing a company
Top Five factors to consider before Selling a company
Write a 625- to 700-word letter to your future self about what you.docxambersalomon88660
Write a 625- to 700-word letter to your future self about what you will need to know to be an effective adult educator.
Address the following in your letter:
· Current developments in workplace learning in both formal and informal settings
· Challenges regarding motivation that facilitators might face, and how to motivate adult learners in an adult learning environment
· Digital age benefits and challenges
· Ethics and values in the adult learning environment
Include at least two citations and references.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
Running Head: SCHIZOPHRENIA
SCHIZOPHRENIA 2
Critical Review: Schizophrenia
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Course:
Professor’s name:
Date:
Introduction
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that affects almost all elements of a patient's life. The disease is characterized by hallucination, cognitive impairment, social withdrawal, delusions. All these characteristics are usually seen in Schizophrenia patients. In most cases, a patient is unable to think straight, distinguish fantasy from reality and also can be over-reactive when they interact with others. All the above symptoms can be explained based on the neurological mechanisms of a patient's mental illness. Over the recent past, there have been various researches linking psychology and neuroscience in search of information on the causes of schizophrenia in patients. “There has been evidence that the disorder is as a result of impaired activation on three brain networks between frontotemporal, front parietal and front striatal that serve in cognitive functioning and coordinating cognition and emotion” (Tritsch et al., 2016).
Theory
Neurotransmitters are basically chemical elements that are secreted by the neurons. The function of these neurotransmitters is actually found in the name of the elements, and that is to transmit messages from one neuron to the other. There are several types of these neurotransmitters and our main point of focus in this case will be those that are actually associated with schizophrenia and the very first and common one is Dopamine. As we have seen this condition affects the thinking of the patient and at some point are not in a position to distinguish between fantasy and the realities of life, now this is one element of an individual that is controlled by dopamine, dopamine is actually responsible for the movement of thoughts within an individual now these thoughts are actually what helps an individual to make some distinction between the facts and fantasy that is why you find an individual is not actually able to make distinction between fantasy and reality when they are affected as a result of schizophrenia.
The other neurotransmitter that is involved with this disorder is glutamate,.
Where psychophysiology meets the media - a book chapter by Lang, Potter and B...Xanat V. Meza
Disclaimer: all images and original texts belong to their rightful owners.
Chapter 9 of the book "Media effects. Advances in Theory and Research", edited by Bryant and Oliver.
Head movement differs for positive and negative emotions in video recordings ...Maciej Behnke
Individuals tend to approach positive stimuli and avoid negative stimuli. Furthermore, emotions influence whether individuals freeze or move more. These two kinds of motivated behavior refer to the approach/avoidance behavior and behavioral freezing/activation. Previous studies examined (e.g., using forced platforms) whether individuals’ behavior depends on stimulus’ valence; however, the results were mixed. Thus, we aimed to test whether emotions’ effects on spontaneous whole‑body behavior of standing individuals also occur in the seated position. We used a computer vision method to measure the head sway in video recordings that offers ease of use, replicability, and unobtrusiveness for the seated research participant. We analyzed behavior recorded in the laboratory during emotion manipulations across five studies totaling 932 participants. We observed that individuals leaned more forward and moved more when watching positive stimuli than when watching negative stimuli. However, individuals did not behave differently when watching positive or negative stimuli than in the neutral condition. Our results indicate that head movements extracted from seated individuals’ video recordings can be useful in detecting robust differences in emotional behavior (positive vs. negative emotions).
Justin Lurie, Gottesman Company, Mergers & Acquisition (M&A) Webinar for Unit...Justin L. Lurie
Overview of Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) in the US. Who are the players, what and how does the process unfold.
Top Five factors to consider before Purchasing a company
Top Five factors to consider before Selling a company
Write a 625- to 700-word letter to your future self about what you.docxambersalomon88660
Write a 625- to 700-word letter to your future self about what you will need to know to be an effective adult educator.
Address the following in your letter:
· Current developments in workplace learning in both formal and informal settings
· Challenges regarding motivation that facilitators might face, and how to motivate adult learners in an adult learning environment
· Digital age benefits and challenges
· Ethics and values in the adult learning environment
Include at least two citations and references.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
Running Head: SCHIZOPHRENIA
SCHIZOPHRENIA 2
Critical Review: Schizophrenia
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Course:
Professor’s name:
Date:
Introduction
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that affects almost all elements of a patient's life. The disease is characterized by hallucination, cognitive impairment, social withdrawal, delusions. All these characteristics are usually seen in Schizophrenia patients. In most cases, a patient is unable to think straight, distinguish fantasy from reality and also can be over-reactive when they interact with others. All the above symptoms can be explained based on the neurological mechanisms of a patient's mental illness. Over the recent past, there have been various researches linking psychology and neuroscience in search of information on the causes of schizophrenia in patients. “There has been evidence that the disorder is as a result of impaired activation on three brain networks between frontotemporal, front parietal and front striatal that serve in cognitive functioning and coordinating cognition and emotion” (Tritsch et al., 2016).
Theory
Neurotransmitters are basically chemical elements that are secreted by the neurons. The function of these neurotransmitters is actually found in the name of the elements, and that is to transmit messages from one neuron to the other. There are several types of these neurotransmitters and our main point of focus in this case will be those that are actually associated with schizophrenia and the very first and common one is Dopamine. As we have seen this condition affects the thinking of the patient and at some point are not in a position to distinguish between fantasy and the realities of life, now this is one element of an individual that is controlled by dopamine, dopamine is actually responsible for the movement of thoughts within an individual now these thoughts are actually what helps an individual to make some distinction between the facts and fantasy that is why you find an individual is not actually able to make distinction between fantasy and reality when they are affected as a result of schizophrenia.
The other neurotransmitter that is involved with this disorder is glutamate,.
Where psychophysiology meets the media - a book chapter by Lang, Potter and B...Xanat V. Meza
Disclaimer: all images and original texts belong to their rightful owners.
Chapter 9 of the book "Media effects. Advances in Theory and Research", edited by Bryant and Oliver.
Head movement differs for positive and negative emotions in video recordings ...Maciej Behnke
Individuals tend to approach positive stimuli and avoid negative stimuli. Furthermore, emotions influence whether individuals freeze or move more. These two kinds of motivated behavior refer to the approach/avoidance behavior and behavioral freezing/activation. Previous studies examined (e.g., using forced platforms) whether individuals’ behavior depends on stimulus’ valence; however, the results were mixed. Thus, we aimed to test whether emotions’ effects on spontaneous whole‑body behavior of standing individuals also occur in the seated position. We used a computer vision method to measure the head sway in video recordings that offers ease of use, replicability, and unobtrusiveness for the seated research participant. We analyzed behavior recorded in the laboratory during emotion manipulations across five studies totaling 932 participants. We observed that individuals leaned more forward and moved more when watching positive stimuli than when watching negative stimuli. However, individuals did not behave differently when watching positive or negative stimuli than in the neutral condition. Our results indicate that head movements extracted from seated individuals’ video recordings can be useful in detecting robust differences in emotional behavior (positive vs. negative emotions).
I reccomend psychology IB students to see this presentation.
Hello, In this presentation you will find the Biological Level of Analysis (BLA) broken down into its different sections: principles, studies supporting principles, research methods used in BLA, ethical considerations, localisation of function, neurotransmitters, hormones, effects of the enviornment on physiological processes, interaction between cognition and physiology, brain imaging technologies, genetic inheritance, evolutionary explanations of behaviour and ethical considerations of genetic research.
I hope you find it useful! Good luck to everyone
London iCAAD 2019 - Daniel Souery - A TRANSDIAGNOSTIC APPROACH FOR PSYCHIATRI...iCAADEvents
Diagnostic approaches applied in psychiatry are often criticized and deemed unsatisfactory because of their relative lack of reliability and validity. One reason for this complexity lies in the purely symptomatic approach to diagnosis. This approach also results in misdiagnosis, difficulties and high risk of aberrant therapeutic choices. The problem is also the source of great difficulty in differentiating the normal from the pathological in situations of emotional and psychological distress that should not be the subject of a psychiatric diagnosis.
The presentation focuses on psychopaths- who are they, their traits, brain abnormalities, genetic basis, electrophysiological deficits, socialization function by brain
Seven Perspectives of Psychology – Terms ChecklistPsychodynami.docxklinda1
Seven Perspectives of Psychology – Terms Checklist
Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic
The psychodynamic approach was promoted by Sigmund Freud, who believed that many of our impulses are driven by sex. Freud, who was medically trained in neurology, developed a theory of personality that made the assumption that human motivation was propelled by conflicts between instinctual, mostly unconscious, psychological forces. He called these intrapsychic elements the id, ego and superego.
This psychodynamic theory caught on like wild fire and due to its explanatory power for human behavior, became very popular over the following century. Freud's therapeutic method, called psychoanalysis, was developed to identify the underlying conflicts between intrapsychic structures and resolve them by bringing them to consciousness. Insight therapy was one term used to describe Freud's treatment approach. Freud also contributed the first developmental theory of human personality. It suggests that human development progresses through psychosexual stages. Each stage is characterized by specific behavioral and psychodynamic developments and challenges.
Although Freud thought of himself as a scientist, and he was indeed very thorough in recording his methods and outcomes, he did not practice scientific methods. Psychoanalytic theory was developed through case study analysis, a qualitative, not scientific, method.
There are a lot of jokes about Freud and his now mostly outdated theories. But have you ever thought that something about who you are today comes from your experiences as a child? Say, you blame your smoking habit on an oral fixation that stems from being weaned from breastfeeding too early as a baby. Well, that also comes from Freud's theories, and it was an idea that revolutionized how we see ourselves.
Psychologists in this school of thought believe that unconscious drives and experiences from early childhood are at the root of your behaviors and that conflict arises when societal restrictions are placed on these urges.
Other psychodynamic theories arose, like those of Carl Jung and Alfred Adler, Margaret Mahler, and famous developmentalists like Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson, but all made the same basic assumption: There is a dynamic mind, conscious and unconscious, that influences the behavior of humans. Elements of the unconscious psyche interact to produce motives for behavior and thought processes.
Describe how the following concepts are linked to your thoughts, feelings and behaviors in your life event:
· The Unconscious – Id, Ego, Superego
· Stages of Psychosexual development – Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Oedipus complex, Electra complex, identification, fixation
· Dreams – manifest and latent content
· Defense Mechanisms – repression, regression, displacement, denial, sublimation, projection. rationalization, reaction formation
· Inferiority complex
· Collective unconscious
Behavioral
In an attempt to bring scientific metho.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
4. Since
two
decades,
modern
neuroimaging
techniques
allowed
to
observe
neural
processes
involved
in
percep2ve,
cogni2ve
or
motor
paradigms
5. Two
exponen2ally
developing
fields
Affec2ve
neurosciences
(Panksepp,
2003)
Social
neurosciences
(Insel
et
Fernald,
2004)
6. Within
psychology
and
neuroscience,
correspondences
have
been
shown
between
cogni2ve
and
neural
systems
involved
in:
•
ac2on’s
produc2on
•
ac2on’s
percep2on
by
an
observer
7. •
mirror
neurons:
originally
a
“motor”
concep2on
•
to
feel
an
emo2on
during
the
observa2on
of
another
person
involves
a
physiological
synchrony
between
the
protagonists
(Levenson
&
Ruef,
1992)
8. •
rela2onships
between
individuals
obey
to
a
mo2va2onal
component
of
inter-‐
aQrac2on
(posi2ve
or
nega2ve)
•
this
concep2on
has
spread
to
the
emo2ons
and
mo2va2on
9. • BeQer
understanding
of
emo2onal
processes
(neural
and
psychological)
in
contexts
integra2ng
a
rela2onal
dimension
(and
concepts
such
as
the
self,
the
other
and
their
representa2ons)
10. Sexual
mo2va2on
and
affilia2on:
a
specific
and
precise
working
model
and
func2onal
context
to
explore
the
neural
and
psychological
underpinnings
of
mo2vated
social
rela2onships
11. • Explore
through
two
outstanding
results
the
recent
advances
in
neural
and
bodily
processes
involved
in
sexual
behavior
• General
contribu2on
for
social
neurosciences
13. • In
ethology:
sexual
behavior
is
a
well-‐
recognized
goal-‐directed
behavior
• The
involvement
of
the
brain
is
quite
obvious
(neuropharmacology
etc…)
• Its
explora2on
by
func2onal
neuroimaging
remains
recent
(2000)
14. • Several
theories
of
emo2on
consider
as
central
bodily
reac2ons
for
the
emo2on
itself
(Damasio
for
example)
• Few
simultaneously
measured
penile
and
neural
responses
15. •
Arnow
et
al.
(2002):
• first
simultaneous
fMRI
(brain)/
penile
plethymosgraphy
(erec2on)
study
• No
brain
areas
found
by
classical
subtrac2ve
analyses
vs
an
insular/
claustrum
network
correlated
with
penile
response
16.
17. Early
responses
Inverted
paQerns
Low
levels
Volumetric
measure
++
Late
levels
Volumetric
=
Circum.
18. • MR-‐compa2ble
volumetric
penile
plethysmograph:
study
the
correla2on
between
the
cerebral
and
erec2le
responses
• Explore
the
temporal
rela2on
between
them
19. Mouras
et
al.
(2008).
NeuroImage
Highest:
when
cerebral
responses
preceded
by
20
seconds
the
erec2le
response
20. • Mirror
neurons
seem
also
involved
in
the
physiological
component
coding,
which
seems
an2cipatory
• The
physiological
synchrony
between
protagonists
seems
central
22. •
Numerous
studies
on
the
link
between
motor
and
affec2ve
behavioral
components
•
Automa2c
responses
driven
by
emo2onal
s2muli:
role
in
specie's
survival
-‐>
behavioral
adapta2on
regarding
the
func2onal
context
23. Bidimensional
concept
of
emo2ons
and
mo2va2ons
(IAPS;
Lang
et
al.,
2008):
approach-‐avoidance
type
behavior
Unpleasant
Fear
Mu2la2on
Pleasant
Family
Ero2c
24. •
use
of
sport
sciences
techniques
to
measure
body’s
center
of
pressure’s
displacement
varia2ons
(Gurfinkel
1973;
Winter
et
al.,
1990)
25. • Emo2on
conceptualized
as
an
ac2on’s
tendency
• Numerous
studies
reported
an
influence
of
emo2on
on
all
steps
of
motor
processes
(Bradley,
1992;
Hälbig,
2011)
26. • Ac2on’s
tendency
is
central
in
sexual
mo2va2on
which
is
induced
by
an
appropriate
target
• Example:
Bindra
defines
the
Central
Mo2ve
State
as
an
hypothe2cal
group
of
neural
processes
promo2ng
goal-‐directed
ac2ons
for
specific
s2muli
27. • Frijda:
mo2va2on
will
induce
an
ac2ons’
sequence
• Both
et
al.,
2004:
Interest
and
tendinous
reflexes
increases
linearly
with
arousal
of
sexual
videos
as
compared
to
neutral
ones
• S2ns
et
al.,
2007:
Gait’s
ini2a2on
faster
in
response
to
smiling
than
angry
face
28. • Naugle
et
al.,
2010:
difference
of
walking
speed
only
from
the
second
step
for
sexual
s2muli
as
compared
to
unpleasant
ones
• Gélat
et
al.,
2011:
in
incongruent
task
(move
towards
an
unpleasant
s2m.)
-‐>
interference
with
cogni2ve
resources
creates
an
early
freezing
29. • Posturography:
not
much
used
in
mo2va2onal
condi2ons
• Emo2ons
could
influence
decision
through
pavlovian’s
system
ac2on:
Ly
et
al.
(2014):
• Angry
faces
slow
down
approach
behavior
• Individual
differences
in
emo2onal
bias
predicted
those
in
body
freezing
30. • Freezing
has
been
observed
in
anxious
situa2ons
• some2mes
in
front
of
disgus2ng
s2muli
(S2ns
et
al.)
along
with
HR
decelera2on
31. • No
varia2on
of
the
COP
has
been
previously
reported
in
front
of
sexually
explicit
s2muli
(Hillman
et
al.,
2004;
S2ns
et
al.,
2007)
32. • 33
healthy
males
included
in
a
block-‐
design
paradigm
• Three
videos
defining
three
experimental
condi2ons:
humoir
(H);
neutral
(N);
sexually
explicit
(S)
• Experimental
run:
white
screen
(20s)
;
9
experimental
blocks
(50s);
white
screen
(20s)
33. • Motor
correlates:
BIOPAC
system
interfaced
with
a
SATEL
force
plasorm
• Analyses:
calcula2on
of
postural
indexes
such
as
body's
Center
Of
Pressure
(COP)
AN
and
ML
direc2ons;
area
under
the
curve;
sway
magnitude;
SD
of
the
displacement
34. Fig 1. Mean ± SD for postural indices as a function of the stimulus (A) Amplitude of the sway of the COP in the mediolateral direction (Amp [COP]-ML) (B)
Amplitude of the sway of the COP in the anteroposterior direction (Amp [COP]-AP) (C) Standard displacement of the COP in the mediolateral direction (SD
[COP]-ML) (D) Standard displacement of the COP in the anteroposterior direction (SD [COP]-AP) (E) Area encompassed by displacements of the COP
(COP-Area) Significant differences are indicated as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p<0.01 when comparing stimulus.
Freezing and Sexual Behavior
35. S
condi2on
as
compared
to
the
N
–
condi2on:
• Significant
effect
on
SD
COP-‐AP
and
SD
COP-‐ML
indexes
• Significant
effect
on
Amp-‐COP
ML
index:
lower
displacement
amplitude
in
the
ML
direc2on
36. • Differen2al
modula2on
in
sexual
condi2on
of
motor
correlates
as
compared
to
others
physiological
measures
• Results
not
in
accordance
with
the
primary
hypothesis
of
an
approach-‐type
behavior
in
response
to
sexual
s2muli
• Support
the
idea
of
an
early
freezing
in
response
to
sexual
s2muli
37. • Horslen
et
al.,
2011:
freezing
modula2on
by
the
arousal
dimension
of
the
s2muli
• Haagenars
et
al.,
2014:
freezing
could
be
the
primary
component
of
behavioral
responses
such
as
tonic
immobility
and/or
behavioral
inhibi2on
38. • Early
freezing
(1
to
2
s)
responses
in
response
to
unpleasant
films
(record
temporal
courses
++)
• Early
freezing
response:
necessary
for
dissimula2on
and
ac2on’s
prepara2on
(Mc
Naughton
et
al.,
2004)
• Paradoxical
aspect
of
sexual
response:
postural
responses
tend
to
demonstrate
early
anxious
aspects
of
the
sexual
response
39. In
accordance
with
previous
studies
repor2ng
ac2on’s
prepara2on
• through
freezing
(Griebel
et
al.,
1996;
Kalin
et
al.,
1997)
• Involving
supplementary
cogni2ve
resources
recruitment
(slower
rea2on
2mes
in
experimental
tasks;
Mokros
A
et
al.,
2010;
Sanwla
et
al.,
2009
etc…)
40. Fachinew
et
al.,
2006
«
their
baby
and
family
pictures
may
have
elicited
a
predisposi2on
to
social
bonding
and
that
the
pre-‐
ac2va2on
of
muscles
involved
in
the
antero-‐posterior
displacement
could
reflect
prepara2on
for
processes
like
aQachement
and
reduc2on
of
social
distance
»
41. • Sexual
mo2va2on:
an
excellent
func2onal
context
to
study
the
neural,
motor
and
physiological
correlates
of
mo2vates
social
rela2onships
• Our
studies
demonstrates
the
complexity
(par2cularly
temporal)
of
the
motor
and
neural
correlates