This document outlines an introductory course on Linux. It discusses operating systems and introduces Linux and Ubuntu. It covers installing Ubuntu, using the graphical user interface, installing VirtualBox, using XChat, and the Linux file system hierarchy. The course rules and outlines are provided. Self-study resources like websites, books, and IRC channels are recommended.

1. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux First course
Please visit our Facebook Group

2. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Our Rules
 Start at 10 AM.
 Mobile phone silent please.
 You can get in or get out without permission.
 Ask what you want.
 Some questions will be answered in the end.
 Only one talks and all listens.
 You can get materials from us or from outside
faculty
 To help us give us your feedback.

3. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Outlines of this session
 Introduction to operating systems
 Introduction to Linux
 Introduction to Ubuntu
 Ubuntu installation steps
 GUI
 Virtual Box
 XChat
 File system hierarch

4. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Operating systems introduction
 Operating system:
• It is an interface between hardware and user which
is responsible for the management and
coordination of activities and the sharing of the
resources of a computer.
• Windows is not the only operating system in the
world.

5. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Operating systems introduction
 There are a lot of operating systems such as:
• Unix
• Linux
• Minix
• Windows
• Mac OS

6. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 What is GNU/Linux?
• It is an operating system which is free and open
source software.

7. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Unix Introduction
• AT&T
– BSD
– HP-UX
– Solaris
– AIX

8. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 History of Linux
• Richard Stallman 1983

9. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 History of Linux
• GNU

10. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 History of Linux
• Linus Torvalds 1990
– Kernel

11. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Why Linux?
• Available and reachable
• Stable
• Minimum times of rebooting
• Open Source
• Free
• Fast updates
• Security
• Well-documented

12. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Why Linux?
• Shell
• Virus rare
• Real multi-user system
• Multiple GUIs
• Save hardware resources
• It's kernel used in Embedded systems
• Meets criteria

13. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Why Linux?
• Well supported by international companies
– HP
– IBM
– Intel
– Oracle
– Sun
• National Security Agency (NSA)
 Why copy software illegally if you can get it for
free?

14. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Who uses Linux?
• Famous servers work on Linux such as:
– www.google.com
– www.wikipedia.com
– www.youtube.com
– www.4shared.com
– www.rapidshare.com
– www.cnn.com
– download.microsoft.com
– www.bing.com

15. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Who uses Linux?
• 89.2% of super computers works on Linux
• Embedded system engineers
• 3D graphics such as:
• The Matrix
• Titanic
• Gladiator
• Super Man Returns
• Spider Man
• Men In Black

16. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Who uses Linux?
• United States Department Of Defense
• French Parliament
• France's Ministry of Agriculture
• NNSA
– National Nuclear Security Administration
• FAA
– Fedral Aviation Administration.
• ICBC:
– Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
– All it's 20,000 branches

17. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
For more information about Linux and who
uses it visit:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
http://news.netcraft.com/

18. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Linux Introduction
 Linux Distributions:
• RedHat
• Centos
• Fedora
• BackTrack
• Debian
• Ubuntu
• Unbreakable Linux

19. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Ubuntu Introduction
 Why Ubuntu:
• Simple
• Easy to get it
• Free
• Famous
• Good documentation
• Good Internet support

20. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Ubuntu Introduction
 How to get Ubuntu:
• You can order our distribution from Menof
• You can download it free of charge from here:
http://www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/download
• You can download Sabily from here:
http://www.sabily.org/website/index.php/en/sabily/d
ownloads
• You can order a free CD or DVD from here:
https://shipit.ubuntu.com

21. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Ubuntu Installation steps
 Before installation
• What is a live CD?
• File System:
– It is a method of storing and organizing computer
files and the date they contain to make it easy to find
and access them(FAT, NTFS, EXT4).
• Linux File System:
– ext2
– ext3
– ext4
• Hard disk formatting using
– GParted

22. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Ubuntu Installation steps
 Main installation:
• Booting live cd
• Welcome message
• Your location
• Preparing disk space (manual)
• Selecting Linux partitions
• Setting username and password
• Ready to install ???
• One missing step

23. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 GUI
 Graphical User Interface
• Types
– GNOME
– KDE
– XFCE
 Some details about GNOME
• GNU Network Object Model Environment
• Three menus
– Applications
– Places
– System

24. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 GUI
 Some small notes
• Adding Arabic
• Installing applications using
– Ubuntu Software Center
– Synaptic Package Manager
– Add and Remove

25. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 GUI
 Remember authentication:
• First run the following command
sudo gedit /usr/share/polkit-
1/actions/org.freedesktop.devicekit.disks.policy
• Find the action id:
org.freedesktop.devicekit.disks.filesystem-mount-
system-internal
• Within that action id look for the line:
<allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
• replace it with:
<allow_active>yes</allow_active>

26. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 Virtual Box
 Installation
 Create new virtual machine
 Settings of virtual machines
 General
 System
 Hard Disks
 CD/DVD
 Network

27. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 XChat
 Installation
 How to connect to channel
/j #ChannelName
 Register
/msg nickserv register <password> <email>
 Authenticate access
/msg nickserv identify <password>
 Problem
• Server list disappear when your disk is full
Sudo rm -f ~/.xchat2/servlist_.conf

28. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 XChat important channels
 #linuxac
 #ubunu
 #centos
 #fedora
 #redhat
 #microcontrollers
 #oracle
 #php

29. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 XChat important channels
 #windows
 #java
 #c++
 #c

30. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
Files and directories are organized into a
single-rooted inverted tree structure

31. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy

32. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
 /bin
• Essential user command binaries
 /sbin
• System binaries
 /boot
• Files of the boot loader and kernel
 /etc
• Configuration files
 /home
• User's home directories

33. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
 /lib
• Shared libraries
 /media
• Mount point for removable media
 /mnt
• Mount point for temporarily mounted file systems
 /root
• Root's home directories

34. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
 /usr
• Non-essential user programs
 /var
• Variable files
 /proc
• Virtual documentation
• Documentations for information about kernel and
its work
 /srv
• Contains server data such as databases

35. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 File System hierarchy
 /opt
• Optional applications (Third-party programs)
 /dev
• Device files
 /tmp
• Temporary files

36. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 How to self study
 www.linuxac.org
 L2B Linux Guide
 Virtual Box
 www.google.com
 IRC
 Man Pages
 RedHat Books

37. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 How to self study
 www.arabhardware.com
• Eng: Mostafa El-Tantawy
– http://arabhardware.net/forum/showthread.php?
t=102331&page=6
– http://4shared.com/dir/10800192/9e812230/Lunix.html

38. L2B First Linux Course
L2B Linux course
 How to self study
 Ubuntu Linux For Novices
 Practical guide to use Ubuntu Linux
Arabic
 Linux Bash Guide
 ‫كتاب لينوكس الشامل‬

39. For More info Please Visit Our Facebook Group