Demand Response Electricity Markets Dallon Kay Diamond Energy Group 20111101dallon_kay
Presentation on Demand Response in Electricity Markets, Singapore Electricity Roundtable 2011, 1st November 2011, Singapore International Energy Week 2011 "Securing Our Energy Future"
Presented by Pete Scarpelli, Schneider Electric, Demand Response Resource Center, France at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Vienna, Austria on 1 April 2009.
Gensol strives to add value from Project Conceptualisation to Commissioning to ensure timely, quality and cost effective completion. From drafting exhaustive EPC contracts to approving engineering drawings and quality control during construction, Gensol's experience of 1500 MW works to ensure Peace of Mind for the Project Developer.
Course on Regulation and Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries - Session 9Leonardo ENERGY
Session 9 is devoted to Energy Services Companies (ESCOs). First, it introduces the Energy Performance Certificates concept and EPC contractual approaches. Then, it presents the need for measurement and verifications (M&V). It presents different ESCOs models:
the utility-based ESCOs with the cases of Croatia and Uruguay;
the Governement-based ESCO with the case of India;
the private sector ESCO with the case of China.
It concludes with the examples of institutional development schemes in Tunisia and Ivory Coast.
Top 10 Products That Save Money - David McDougall, EnerNOCMassRecycle
Presentation delivered at MassRecycle's 4th Annual Green Office / Green Facility Conference, Bentley University, June 15, 2010. Get invited to next year’s conference by signing up to MassRecycle’s free email newsletter at www.massrecycle.org.
Sbi rooftop program, RESCO constructs, owns, operates and maintains the project,Financing Modes,Target Group
Solar Plant, Lease, Chemtrols Solar, jay.ranvir@chemtrolssolar.com
Demand Response Electricity Markets Dallon Kay Diamond Energy Group 20111101dallon_kay
Presentation on Demand Response in Electricity Markets, Singapore Electricity Roundtable 2011, 1st November 2011, Singapore International Energy Week 2011 "Securing Our Energy Future"
Presented by Pete Scarpelli, Schneider Electric, Demand Response Resource Center, France at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Vienna, Austria on 1 April 2009.
Gensol strives to add value from Project Conceptualisation to Commissioning to ensure timely, quality and cost effective completion. From drafting exhaustive EPC contracts to approving engineering drawings and quality control during construction, Gensol's experience of 1500 MW works to ensure Peace of Mind for the Project Developer.
Course on Regulation and Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries - Session 9Leonardo ENERGY
Session 9 is devoted to Energy Services Companies (ESCOs). First, it introduces the Energy Performance Certificates concept and EPC contractual approaches. Then, it presents the need for measurement and verifications (M&V). It presents different ESCOs models:
the utility-based ESCOs with the cases of Croatia and Uruguay;
the Governement-based ESCO with the case of India;
the private sector ESCO with the case of China.
It concludes with the examples of institutional development schemes in Tunisia and Ivory Coast.
Top 10 Products That Save Money - David McDougall, EnerNOCMassRecycle
Presentation delivered at MassRecycle's 4th Annual Green Office / Green Facility Conference, Bentley University, June 15, 2010. Get invited to next year’s conference by signing up to MassRecycle’s free email newsletter at www.massrecycle.org.
Sbi rooftop program, RESCO constructs, owns, operates and maintains the project,Financing Modes,Target Group
Solar Plant, Lease, Chemtrols Solar, jay.ranvir@chemtrolssolar.com
This article explores the potential next steps for Developers if the changes under URD 14D/114 proposed to be made to the ROCs regime for UK solar parks above 5MW in size are passed by the UK Government.
There is discussion on what an applicant for a CfD may need, what mechanisms lie in the CfD process to attract debt financiers/equity investors, and what a Developer may do to gear up for the bidding process for CfD-allocation in October this year if legislative changes are implemented to bring forward the CfD for ROCs handover date to 1.4.15.
EMLI Training-An introduction to epc contract-clause by clause-Prepared by: D...EMLI Indonesia
EMLI Training-An introduction to EPC Contract – Clause by clause discussion merupakan materi pembahasan dalam kegiatan Workshop EPC Contract yang diselenggarakan oleh EMLI Training. materi tersebut disampaikan oleh Bapak Dendi Adisuryo, S.H.beliau adalah partner at ADCO Attorneys at Law.
Gensol has summarised the tender issued by SECI for 2.5GW Wind Solar Hybrid ISTS projects.
The document covers major commercial & technical guidelines provided in the tender.
Episode 28 : Project Management Contract
Typical services of the employer are:
Obtaining official approvals
Commissioning experts
Provision of the documents required for planning, such as site plan, data on soil conditions etc.
Supply of utilities for commissioning
Free of charge provision of areas for site facilities
Free of charge supply of power and water to the building site.
Energy costs reduction through Energy Performance Contracting projects implem...ZAINI ABDUL WAHAB
Global and local EPC potentials
Overview of EPC
Key steps in a workable EPC implementation mechanism for Malaysia
Support measures required for EPC to grow as an industry
What's next
Renewable Energy Feed-in Tarriff presentationJerry Sakala
The Energy Regulation Board (ERB), with the support of the USAID Trade Hub Southern Africa (SATH) has developed the draft Renewable Energy Feed in Tariffs (REFiT) Regulatory Framework. The REFiT Regulatory Framework was developed in line with REFiT Policy of 2015 developed by the Ministry of Mines Energy and Water Development. The REFiT regulatory framework was presented to stakeholders on Tuesday 22nd September 2015.
The REFiT Regulatory framework outlines the following:
REFiT Indicative Tariffs for solar projects;
Rules and Guidelines for RE projects to be implemented under the REFiT Policy of 2015; and
Guidelines for REFiT Power Purchase Agreements, and application procedures for project developers.
These rules and guidelines are only applicable to small scale renewable energy systems as defined in the REFiT Policy of 2015.
The briefing at the following link explores the impact of the proposed changes to the renewable subsidy regime for solar facilities installed in England and Wales that are five (5) megawatts or larger in size ('Large-scale PV Plants') given the 13 May 2014 announcement from DECC ('URN 14D/114').
DECC have put forward that in their view the capacity threshold of gigawatts installed of Large-Scale PV Plants in England and Wales will be achieved by the solar development community (including funders, contractors and developers) by mid-2015 rather than by the earlier predicted threshold-achievement by mid-2017.
Given the predicted threshold-achievement by 2015, the portion of the Levy Control Framework budget for Large-Scale PV Plants accredited for ROCs will have to end in the UK Government's view in April 2015, rather than in April 2017, with the net result that contracts for difference ('CfDs') will have an earlier adoption date that coincides with the targeted curtailment of ROCs for PV Plants on 1.4.15 ('Cut-off-Date').
The non-progression of "grandfathering" of ROCs following the Cut-off-Date for plants already accredited for receipt of ROCs, and the likely impact of the key terms of the current form of CfD are explored in this article, together with brief discussion on the other proposals to tackle the early threshold-achievement that were considered by DECC and reported on in URN 14D/114.
Our team are ready to assist with preparation of responses to the Consultation due by 7.7.14.
UKGov are bringing back CfDs - will global renewable energy come back (/stay) a little bit longer? Discussion on impact of the March UK Budget 2016 impact on energy projects (and energy storage) in the UK.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Session 16 contract structure & agreement
1. Partnership To Advance Clean Energy-Deployment (PACE-D)
Technical Assistance Program
Presented by
USAID PACE-D TA Program
Apr-18
Solar PV Rooftop Training Program For Entrepreneurs
Session:
Contract Structure & Agreement
2. Contents
Key Agreements in an SPVRT project
Case Study - Agreements – Indian Railways, RESCO Model
Solar Lease / PPA – Contract Relationships
Rooftop Lease / Rent Agreement – Items to consider
Power Purchase Agreement- Operation, Financing, Risks
3. What is a Contract
A contract is a voluntary arrangement between two or more parties that is enforceable at
law as a binding legal agreement
A contractual relationship is evidenced by
an offer
acceptance of the offer
and a valid (legal and valuable) consideration
Each party to a contract acquires rights and duties relative to the rights and duties of
the other parties
However, while all parties may expect a fair benefit from the contract
(otherwise courts may set it aside as inequitable) it does not follow that each party
will benefit to an equal extent
4. Contracts used for SPVRT Projects
CAPEX Model RESCOM Model
Agreement EPC Agreement Power Purchase Agreement
(PPA)
Scope Turnkey Agreement – Design,
Supply, Construction, Installation
Commissioning
Sale of Electricity from solar
rooftop project
Signatories Consumer/Buyer and Developer Consumer and Developer
Period of
Agreement
Short term
Execution of project (~3-6
months)
O&M (~1-5 years)
Long term – 10-25 years
Risk Profile Construction period – Developer
Operations – Developer to the
Construction period –
Developer
5. Key Features of EPC Contract
Scope of Work for Contract
Payment Terms with well defined
Milestones
Advance, Supply, Installation,
Commissioning etc.
Warranties and Guarantees
Warranties for equipment
Generation/Performance ratio
guarantee
Obligations of each Party
Obligations of Developer
Obligations of Consumer
Obligation of other parties like
Project Management Consultant
etc.
6. Key Features of EPC Contract
Project Schedule
Define major (and
minor) milestones and
deadlines
Design Approvals
Procedures for design
approvals
Quality of the Plant
Standards and
certifications to be
followed
Quality check process
Safety Features
Earthing, lightning
protection, signage
etc.
Default Events
For developer
For consumer
7. Key Features of EPC Contract
Responsibility of
Net/Gross Metering
System
Unrestricted Access to Site
Penalties
Project schedule
related
Performance
standards related
Default events
Late payment
penalties
Dispute Resolution
Force Majeure Events and Action
Change of Law
Indemnity
Tenure of O&M
Documentation and Manuals
8. Key Features of PPA
Scope of Work
Tariff – Constant, Varying
Tenure of agreement
Billing and payment cycle
Late payment penalty
Payment security
Deemed Generation
Due to grid outage
Due to shadow generating structures coming up in future
Due to temporary restrictions
9. Key Features of PPA
Obligations of each party
Obligations of Developer
Obligation of Consumer
Obligation of other parties like Project Management Consultant etc
Unrestricted access to roof
Generation guarantee and penalties (Performance Bank Guarantee)
Dispute Resolution
Force Majeure
Indemnity
Buyback clause
10. Key Features of PPA
Events of Default
Events of default for Developer
Events of default for Consumer
Termination
Events of termination for developer
Events of termination for consumer
Compensation for developer
Compensation for consumer
Responsibility of Net metering connection
Damage to roof
Due to consumer
Due to developers
Actions
11. Case Study – Agreements: Indian Railway, RESCO
Model
12. Solar Lease / PPA – Contract Relationships
The table below is showing various arrangements among the parties involved in
rooftop solar power and their contractual relationship in terms of Lease Agreement
or Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)
The third party in above table refers to the rooftop owner who is not the consumer
of electricity
13. What needs to be reviewed
Does rooftop lease / rent agreement provides legal access to develop the solar project?
What is the tenure of the agreement? If lesser than PPA, can it be extended? Extended
up to what tenure?
Does the agreement clearly mentions the responsible party to repair the roof in case of
damage and maintain it?
Is the rooftop owner willing go for net metering and grid interconnection?
What are the termination clause and the penalties in case of early terminations? Are
they strong enough to safeguard the rooftop solar power project?
Solar Lease / PPA – Items to Consider
15. Conditions Precedent
Activities need to completed prior to the execution of PPA are listed as conditions
precedent. The conditions precedent is important to specify in PPA to indicate the
activities without the PPA can not be signed by the parties.
For example the model PPA by Indian Railways have following conditions precedent:
Performance Security/Guarantee to Railways by developer
Execution of Escrow and Substitution Agreement
Drawings and Project completion schedule (Approved by Railways)
Execute Financing Agreements (Deliver copies to Zonal Railway)
16. Payment Security Mechanism
A mechanism which is adopted to avoid the default against performance and
payment for solar power. It could be a Letter of Credit or a Bank Guarantee.
It gives the party the authority to retain the amount equivalent to the amount
defaulted by another party.
For Example:
In the PPA of Indian Railways the Solar Power Developer will be providing Rs. 20
lakh per MW. This will be retained by Indian Railways for a specified period and
then returned to the solar power developer. This will protect Indian Railways
against generation below the promised benchmark due to poor performance
17. Right of Way
Some of the building, their premises and rooftops may not have a general access
due to security reasons. The installation and operation of the rooftop solar power
may require such access which shall be agreed in the PPA.
For Example:
In the PPA of Indian Railways the Right of Way means the access to the site with
the intention of using it for installation of Project, including the way from the
entry point to the rooftop through the shortest accessible way, easements and
other rights of way, howsoever described, necessary for construction, operation
and maintenance of the Projects.
18. Deemed Generation
This is a concept to address any loss of generation due to any reason beyond the
control of the rooftop developer and not covered under Force Majeure
Deemed generation protects the developer and the lender from delays in the
repayment of the loan. It is crucial to assess whether the deemed generation
clause has been included in the contract and appropriately worded to cover all
eventualities
The key eventualities have been highlighted below:
In the event of consumer failing to off-take the electricity generated due to non-
availability of reference voltage or lack of demand
Non-availability of adequate space for solar rooftop installations or unplanned
displacement of the system
Any loss of generation due to shadow by new buildings or objects in the future
19. Performance Indicators
The project is structured based on an estimated revenue earned, based on certain
estimated performance of the rooftop solar power system. A minimum performance
level can be guaranteed as agreed under PPA
This can be assured in terms of a benchmark Capacity Utilization Factor below which
the developer has to bear a penalty in addition to the loss
This assures the developers implement best available technology in the market to
achieve the benchmark CUF. However the CUF of the project is also largely based on
the location of the project and the local weather conditions. Hence the benchmark
CUF shall be estimated carefully so as to be in the interest of both the parties
Benchmark CUF/ Performance Ratio in the existing PPA in the location or CUF
calculated by State Electricity Regulatory Commission for solar could be a fair
indicator to derive the benchmark CUF
20. Tariff
The price agreed under PPA to be paid for a unit of electricity generated from rooftop
solar power plant is called the tariff.
It is applicable for the complete tenure of the PPA, however the structure of the tariff can
be combination or any of the following:
Constant Tariff – Under this condition, a constant levelled tariff is agreed upon for the
tenure of the agreement
Constant Escalation – A tariff structure which starts from a base tariff in year one and
escalates based on a predefined rate can also be used. For example the period of
escalation may vary in 5 years, 10 years, 15 years or for full tenure of PPA
Variable Escalation – A variable tariff with variable escalation can also be used. For
example 5 per cent from 1st to 5th year, 6 per cent from 6th to 10th year, 7 per cent
from 11th to 15th years and so on
21. Central Financial Assistance (CFA), if Applicable
CFA is the support from Central Government in form of subsidies.
If applicable then following shall be included in the PPA
Pre conditions to avail the CFA shall be indicated e.g. MNRE requirements on
Domestic Content ,Technical Specifications to be followed and empanelment
The modalities of channelling and disbursal of CFA shall be indicated
Buy Back Option
In case the buyout condition is included in the contract, the contract will also clearly
define
the circumstances situations where the Buyout Clause will be invoked
and the price at which the buyout will be undertaken
22. Escrow Account
It means an Account which the Solar Power Developer shall open and maintain with a Bank in which
all inflows and outflows of cash on account of capital and revenue receipts and expenditures shall be
credited and debited, as the case may be, in accordance with the provisions of the PPA.
Example of deposits
all funds constituting the Financial Package
all payments on account of tariff and any other revenues from or in respect of the solar power
projects, including the proceeds of any rentals, deposits, capital receipts or insurance claims; and
all payments by consumers, after deduction of any outstanding Agreement Fee
Example of the preference of withdrawals
All taxes due and payable by the developer
All payments relating to construction of the solar project system
O&M Expenses
Debt Service due in an Accounting Year etc.
23. Termination due to Default on PPA by Consumers
The occurrence of default on consumer side will not be limited to but cover the
following:
How many months of delay after the credit period will be considered as default?
For non-availability of synchronizing power, what per cent of operating hours
lost is considered as default?
For non-availability of access to roof, what per cent of days in a year is
considered as default?
In case of temporary non-availability of roof, what period of non-availability of
roof is considered as default?
In case of damage of major equipment caused by consumer, to what extent of
damage leads to termination?
24. Termination due to Default on PPA by Sellers /
RESCO
The occurrence of default on seller / RESCO side will not be limited to but cover the
following:
How many months of non-availability of solar plant will be considered default?
How many years of not achieving minimum guaranteed (Benchmark) CUF leads
to default?
Are there any pre mature termination clauses?
What will be the impact of pre-mature termination on project feasibility?
What is the compensation for pre mature termination?
Are there any other termination clauses?
What will be the impact of pre-mature termination on project feasibility?
25. Risk of Non-indemnity
Indemnified clause is included to indemnify, hold harmless and defend the
parties to the agreement from and against any and all loss and/or damages.
situation where the indemnity clause is applicable will be clearly defined. For a
fair agreement it is important to assess that indemnity clauses adequately
indemnify both the parties.
Dispute Resolution
The dispute resolution process will be clearly laid out in the agreement with the
appointment of authorities to resolve the dispute. The arbitration process will
also be clearly defined in case the dispute is not resolved in the given period.
26. Other Conditions to be Agreed to in PPA
Technical specifications and standards agreed to be provided by seller/ RESCO
shall be clearly laid down in the agreement
Grid Inter Connection if applicable shall be done following the applicable
regulations and codes
All approvals, permits safety requirements shall be clearly laid down for the
project
27. 27
Anurag Mishra
Senior Clean Energy Specialist
USAID/India
Email: amishra@usaid.gov
Disclaimer:
This training material is made possible by the support of the American
People through the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID). The contents of this material are the sole
responsibility of Nexant, Inc. and do not necessarily reflect the views of
USAID or the United States Government. This material was prepared
under Contract Number AID-386-C-12-00001.