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Session 04 solar pv modules
This document provides an overview of different types of solar photovoltaic modules and factors that affect their performance. It discusses mono-crystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous thin film, multi-junction amorphous thin film, CdTe thin film, and CIGS thin film modules. Key factors like quality, temperature, irradiance, and spectral content are covered. The document also outlines standard test conditions, module electrical protection needs, and safety standards.
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Session 04 solar pv modules
- 1. Partnership To AdvanceClean Energy-Deployment (PACE-D) Technical Assistance Program Presented by USAID PACE-D TA Program Apr-18 Solar PV Rooftop Training Program For Entrepreneurs Session: Solar PV Modules
- 2. Contents Types of SolarPV modules Standard test conditions and module peak watt (Wp) Module I-V characteristics Module power characteristics
- 3. Contents Factors affecting theperformance of Solar PV modules Module electrical protection Standards and safety of solar PV modules PV module specification in data sheet
- 4. Components of SolarPV Rooftop System – PV Arrays The solar photovoltaic technology is evolving and different technologies have been emerged in recent years. The key features of the following types of PV modules which are commercially available at present global market will be discussed. Mono-crystalline PV module Polycrystalline modules Amorphous thin film module Multi junction amorphous thin film module CdTe thin film module CIGS thin film module
- 5. TYPES OF SOLARPV MODULES
- 6. Monocrystalline Cells manufacturedfrom wafers cut from an ingot of a single silicon crystal Module efficiency: 15 - 22% Module Area: 6.5 – 4.6m2 per kWp Performance Guarantee: 80% of rated power at the end of 20/25 years Suitable for most applications Available in wide range of capacity
- 7. Polycrystalline Cells manufacturedfrom wafers cut from an ingot of a several silicon crystals Module efficiency: 14 – 16.7% Module Area: 7.0 – 6.0 m2 per kWp Performance Guarantee: 80% of rated output for 20/25 years Suitable for most applications Available in wide range of capacity
- 8. Amorphous Thin Film Silicon deposited by gaseous deposition Module efficiency: 5 - 10% Module Area: 20 -10 m2 per kWp Performance Guarantee: 80% of rated output for 20/25 years Usually glass-to-glass modules Performance Guarantee: 80% of rated output for 20/25 years Generally more suitable for small applications and BIPV
- 9. Multi-Junction Amorphous Silicondeposited by gaseous deposition method in several layers, creating multi-junction cells which are sensitive to a wider light spectrum Module efficiency: 10 - 12% Module Area: 10 – 8 m2 per kWp Performance Guarantee: 80% of rated output for 20/25 years. Can be advantageous in conditions of diffuse radiation, BIPV application
- 10. CdTe Thin Film CdTe modules use a thin semiconductor layer designed to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity Module efficiency: 12 - 13% Module Area: 8 – 7.5m2 per kWp Performance Guarantee: 80% of rated output for 20/25 years Maximum capacity of single module <100Wp
- 11. CIGS Thin Film It is manufactured by depositing a thin layer of copper, indium, gallium and selenide on glass or plastic backing, along with electrodes on the front and back to collect current Module efficiency: 10 – 13% Module Area: 10 – 7.5m2 per kWp Performance Guarantee: 80% of rated output for 20/25 years Maximum capacity of single commercial module: <170Wp
- 12. Standard Test Conditions(STC) & Module Peak Watt Photovoltaic modules are rated in Peak Watts (Wp) The peak wattage of a solar module is determined under the following standard test conditions (STC) – Cell temperature 25˚C – Irradiance of 1000W/m2 – Air mass of 1.5 Approximate Cell temperature (Tcell) = Tair + 25ºC
- 13. Normal Operating CellTemperature (NOCT) Normal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) has the following reference conditions: Ambient air temperature 20˚C Irradiance of 800W/m2 Wind speed 1m/s Electrically open circuit
- 14. Module I-V Characteristics Theperformance of a solar module is best indicated by its current-voltage (I-V) characteristics
- 15. Module Power Characteristics Thepower generated by a solar cell will reach the maximum when the internal resistance of the cell is equal to the resistance of the load and is known as the maximum power point (MPP) or PMAX
- 16. FACTORS AFFECTING THEPERFORMANCE OF SOLAR PV MODULES
- 17. Factors Affecting thePerformance of Solar PV Modules Quality of PV Cell Quality of Module Production Solar Irradiance Operating Temperature Light Spectral Content Efficiency and performance of Solar PV Modules primarily depend on:
- 18. Factors Affecting thePerformance of Solar PV Modules Short circuit current of solar module is directly proportional to solar radiation
- 19. Factors Affecting thePerformance of Solar PV Modules As cell operating temperature increases Open Circuit Voltage decreases and short circuit current increases marginally Cell Operating Temperature
- 20. Module Electrical Protection– Use of Bypass Diode If one cell is damaged then the rest of the array can force current through it, producing a significant temperature rise in the cell and leading to further damage This phenomenon is called as “hot spot” formation As per IEC 62548, PV system with voltages above 50V DC should include a bypass diode
- 21. Module Electrical Protection– Use of Blocking Diode Blocking diodes (series or isolation diodes) conduct current during normal system operation and are placed in series with a module / string / array It’s main purpose is to prevent current from flowing backwards through the modules at nigh and prevent current flowing into a faulty parallel string
- 22. IEC 62548: Photovoltaic(PV) array design requirements specify that Crystalline silicon PV modules shall comply with IEC 61215 Thin film PV modules shall comply with IEC 61646 Systems with voltages above 50 V DC should include bypass diodes Class A modules according to IEC 61730-1 shall be used where system voltages exceed DVC-A (Refer Table E1 at Annex E of IEC 62548) Class C modules according to IEC 61730-1 may be used where voltages are in the DVC-A range (Refer Table E1 at Annex E of IEC 62548) Class B Modules shall not be used in grid connected PV systems Standards and Safety Class of Solar PV Modules
- 23. PV Module Specificationin Data Sheet
- 24. PV Module Specificationin Data Sheet
- 25. 25 Anurag Mishra Senior CleanEnergy Specialist USAID/India Email: amishra@usaid.gov Disclaimer: This training material is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this material are the sole responsibility of Nexant, Inc. and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. This material was prepared under Contract Number AID-386-C-12-00001.