The document discusses serial and parallel communication, outlining their advantages and disadvantages, along with synchronous and asynchronous data transmission methods. Serial communication transmits data one bit at a time using a shift register and requires less wiring, while parallel communication transmits multiple bits simultaneously but is more complex and costly. Synchronous transmission operates with a common clock for improved speed, whereas asynchronous transmission does not require synchronization but involves additional start and stop bits.

1. SERIAL VS PARALLEL COMMUNICATION
&
SYNCHRONOUS & ASYNCHRONOUS DATA
TRANSMISSION
RAUSHAN PANJIYAR – 21430
ROHAN MISTRY - 21432
PRANJAL YADAV - 21425
NAAZNEEN SAYED - 21470

2. OVERVIEW OF THE PRESENTATION
• Serial Communication
• Advantages & Disadvantage
• Parallel Communication
• Advantages & Disadvantage
• Difference Between Serial & Parallel
• Synchronous Data Transmission
• Advantages & Disadvantage
• Asynchronous Data Transmission
• Advantages & Disadvantage

3. SERIAL TRANSMISSION
• In Serial Transmission, the bits of a byte are serially transmitted one after other.
• The shift register is used for serial transmission
• The byte to be transmitted is the first stored in a shift register.
• Then these bits are shifted from MSB to LSB bit by bit in synchronization with the
clock. Bits are shifted right by one by one position per clock cycle.
• As an advantage only one wire is used in serial transmission between the
transmitter and the receiver.

4. SERIAL TRANSMISSION

5. MODES OF SERIAL COMMUNICATION
.

6. • In simple transmissions, the computer can only send data. There is only one
wire.
• If the data can be transmission and received, then it is a duplex transmission
• Duplex transmission can be half or full duplex depending on whether or not the
data transfer can be simultaneous
• If the communication is only one way at a time, it is half duplex
• If both sides can communicate at the same time, it is full duplex
• Full duplex requires two wire conductors for the data lines
MODES OF SERIAL COMMUNICATION

7. • Only one wire is required
• Reduction is cost due to less number of conductor wire
• It is the most used method for long distance data transfers
ADVANTAGES OF SERIAL TRANSMISSION

8. • Since there is only one line of transmission therefore the speed of transmission is
quite slow
• If we have to increase the speed of data transfer then it is necessary to increase
the clock frequency. But there ia a limit of clock frequency.
DISADVANTAGES OF SERIAL TRANSMISSION

9. Serial transmission has two categories:
1. Synchronous data transmission
2. Asynchronous data transmission
TYPES OF SERIAL TRANSMISSION

10. • Synchronous events means events which happen at the same clock rate.
• Synchronous transmission is carried out under the control of a common master clock.
• Here the bits which are being transmitted as Synchronous to the same reference clock.
• The stream of bits is combined into bigger frames which may comprise more than one
byte.
• Each byte is transmitted without gap between the next byte.
• No start and stop bits are used instead the bytes are transmitted as a block in a continuous
stream of bits.
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

11. • The receivers operates at the same clock frequency as that of transmitted.
• The data is send in blocks ( we can call these blocks as frames or packets)
spaced by fixed time intervals.
• It is the duty of receiver to separate the bits send in group
• There is an inter block idle time which also is filled with idle characters.
• Ways to find the solution to the problem of error in transmission because of loss
in synchronization is to include re-Synchronization of the clock and use of check
digit to ensure the byte in correctly interpreted and received
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

12. • The main advantage is speed. The speed of transmission is much higher than
that asynchronous transmission.
• This is due to the absence of gaps between the data units and absence of start
stop bits.
• Timing errors are reduced due to synchronization.
ADVANTAGES OF SYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMISSION

13. • The timing is very important. The accuracy of the received data is dependent
entirely on the ability of the receiver to count the received bits accurately.
• The transmitter and receiver have to operate at the same clock frequency. This
requires proper synchronization which makes the system complicated.
DISADVANTAGES OF SYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMISSION

14. • It is called asynchronous because timing of the signal is not an issue. The
information can be send & received as par mutual agreement of the sender &
receiver.
• Asynchronous transmission is at byte level only because transmission of bits is
always synchronized.
ASYNCHRONOUS DATA TRANSMISSION

15. • Asynchronous transmission is eased by two bits, namely start bit as ‘0’ & stop bit
as ‘1’.
• We send ‘0’ bit to start the communication & ‘1’ bit to stop the transmission.
• There can be a time delay between communication of two bytes.
• Only one byte is send at a time. After a gap of time next byte is transmitted.
• The transmitter and receiver may function at different clock frequencies.
• Asynchronous transmission is mostly used by asynchronous modems.
ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

16. • It is a flexible data transmission method.
• Synchronization between the transmitter and receiver is not necessary.
• It is possible to transmit signals from the sources having different bit rates.
• The transmission can commence as soon as the data byte to be transmitted
becomes available.
• This mode of transmission is easy to implement.
• It is an effective scheme.
ADVANTAGES OF ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

17. • Additional bits called start and stop bits are required to be used.
• The timing error may take place because it is difficult to determine synchronicity.
• It has slower transmission rate.
DISADVANTAGES OF ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMISSION

18. • In data transmission, parallel communication is a method of conveying multiple
binary digits (bits) simultaneously. It contrasts with serial communication,
which conveys only a single bit at a time; this distinction is one way of
characterizing a communications link.
PARALLEL COMMUNICATION

19. PARALLEL COMMUNICATION

20. • It offers fast data communication between devices compare to serial interface.
ADVANTAGES OF PARALLEL TRANSMISSION

21. • It supports short distance communication between devices. This is due to
crosstalk between the parallel lines.
• It uses more wires compare to serial interface and hence it is costly and a bit
complex to implement.
DISADVANTAGES OF PARALLEL TRANSMISSION

22. "Thank You"