Updated global adult sepsis guidelines, released in October 2021 by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC), place an increased emphasis on improving the care of sepsis patients after they are discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) and represent greater geographic and gender diversity than previous versions.
The new guidelines specifically address the challenges of treating patients experiencing the long-term effects of sepsis. Patients often experience lengthy ICU stays and then face a long, complicated road to recovery. In addition to physical rehabilitation challenges, patients and their families are often uncertain how to coordinate care that promotes recovery and matches their goals of care.
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection.The definition of sepsis was updated in 2016 following publication of the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). This recommended that organ dysfunction should be defined using the Sequential (or Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) criteria or the "quick" (q)SOFA criteria.
The recent definition, concept and terminologies of septic shock, surviving sepsis campaign, management techniques, SOFA score. Also includes antibiotics and supportive modalities.
Latest definition of sepsis, application of qSOFA, latest evidence on treatment of septic shock,role of fluids, role of steroids, isobalance salt solution
Updated global adult sepsis guidelines, released in October 2021 by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC), place an increased emphasis on improving the care of sepsis patients after they are discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) and represent greater geographic and gender diversity than previous versions.
The new guidelines specifically address the challenges of treating patients experiencing the long-term effects of sepsis. Patients often experience lengthy ICU stays and then face a long, complicated road to recovery. In addition to physical rehabilitation challenges, patients and their families are often uncertain how to coordinate care that promotes recovery and matches their goals of care.
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection.The definition of sepsis was updated in 2016 following publication of the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). This recommended that organ dysfunction should be defined using the Sequential (or Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) criteria or the "quick" (q)SOFA criteria.
The recent definition, concept and terminologies of septic shock, surviving sepsis campaign, management techniques, SOFA score. Also includes antibiotics and supportive modalities.
Latest definition of sepsis, application of qSOFA, latest evidence on treatment of septic shock,role of fluids, role of steroids, isobalance salt solution
Mgh COVID-19 Treatment Guidance March 17, 2020Ken Yale
This document was developed by members of the ID division at MGH in conjunction with pharmacy, radiology, and other medicine divisions to provide guidance to frontline clinicians caring for patients with COVID-19. This document covers potential off-label and/or experimental use of medications and immunosuppression management for transplant patients as well as a suggested laboratory work up. It does NOT cover recommendations for infection control, PPE, management of hypoxemia or other complications in patients with COVID-19. This is a living document that will be updated in real time as more data emerge.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
10. 2021 Sepsis Guidelines
GRADE system to assess
the quality of evidence from
high to very low, and to
formulate recommendations
as strong or weak, or best
practice statement when
applicable
●Highlights six sections:
• Screening and Early Treatment
• Infection
• Hemodynamic Management
• Ventilation
• Additional Therapies
• Long Term Outcomes and
Goals of Care- NEW
1
0
11. Screening
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A We recommend against using qSOFA
compared with SIRS, NEWS, or MEWS as a
single screening tool for sepsis or septic shock
Strong recommendation, moderate-quality
evidence
1
1
12. Initial Resuscitation
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
We recommend that in the initial resuscitation from sepsis-
induced hypoperfusion, at least 30 mL/kg of IV crystalloid
fluid be given within the first 3 hours
Strong , low quality of evidence
For patients with sepsis induced hypoperfusion or septic
shock we suggest that at least 30 mL/kg of IV crystalloid
fluid should be given within the first 3 hours of
resuscitation
Weak, low quality of evidence
1
2
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A For adults with septic shock, we suggest
using capillary refill time to guide
resuscitation as an adjunct to other
measures of perfusion
Weak, low quality of evidence
15. Infection
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
We recommend empiric broad-spectrum
therapy with one or more antimicrobials
for patients presenting with sepsis or
septic shock to cover all likely pathogens
(including bacterial and potentially fungal
or viral coverage”
Strong recommendation, moderate
quality of evidence
For adults with sepsis or septic shock at high risk of MRSA, we
recommend using empiric antimicrobials with MRSA coverage over using
antimicrobials without MRSA coverage
Best practice statement
For adults with sepsis or septic shock at low risk of MRSA, we suggest
against using empiric antimicrobials with MRSA coverage, as compared
with using antimicrobials without MRSA coverage
Weak recommendation, low quality of evidence
1
5
16. Infection
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
We recommend empiric broad-spectrum
therapy with one or more antimicrobials for
patients presenting with sepsis or septic shock
to cover all likely pathogens (including
bacterial and potentially fungal or viral
coverage”
Strong recommendation, moderate quality of
evidence
For adults with sepsis or septic shock and high risk for multidrug resistant (MDR)
organisms, we suggest using two antimicrobials with gram-negative coverage
for empiric treatment over one gram-negative agent
Weak, very low quality of evidence
For adults with sepsis or septic shock and low for multidrug resistant (MDR)
organisms, we suggest against using two gram-negative agents for empiric
treatment, as compared to one gram-negative agent
Weak, very low quality of evidence
1
6
17. Infection
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
We recommend empiric broad-spectrum
therapy with one or more antimicrobials
for patients presenting with sepsis or
septic shock to cover all likely pathogens
(including bacterial and potentially fungal
or viral coverage”
Strong recommendation, moderate
quality of evidence
For adults with sepsis or septic shock at high risk of fungal infection, we
suggest using empiric antifungal therapy over no antifungal therapy
Weak, low quality of evidence
For adults with sepsis or septic shock at low risk of fungal infection, we
suggest against empiric use of antifungal therapy
Weak, low quality of evidence
1
7
18. Antibiotic review: Sepsis
from pulmonary source
Infection Example antibiotic regimens
CAP β-lactam1 + azithromycin
β-lactam1 + respiratory FQ2
HCAP antipseudomonal β-lactam3
+ aminoglycoside4 or antipseudomonal FQ5
+ vancomycin or linezolid
1 ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ampicillin/sulbactam
2 levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
3 piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, meropenem, imipenem, doripenem
4 gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
5 levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin
Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:S27-72
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:388-416
19. Antibiotic review: Sepsis from
catheter- related bloodstream
infection (CRBSI)
Infection Example antibiotic regimens
CRBSI vancomycin or daptomycin1
+ antipseudomonal β-lactam2,3
+/- aminoglycoside4
Fungemia
risk factors
+ fluconazole or echinocandin5
1 if high rates of vancomycin MIC ≥ 2 µg/mL
2 piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime
3 meropenem, imipenem, doripenem
4 gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
5 caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin
Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:1-45
20. Antibiotic review: Sepsis
from urinary source
Infection Example antibiotic regimens
Urosepsis 3rd generation cephalosporin1
+/- aminoglycoside2 or FQ3
Urological interventions or
MDR risk factors
antipseudomonal β-lactam4,5
1 ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
2 gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
3 levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin
4 piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime
5 meropenem, imipenem, doripenem
Int J Urol 2013; Epub ahead of print.
22. Hemodynamic Management
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
We suggest using either balanced crystalloids or saline for fluid
resuscitation of patients with sepsis or septic shock
Weak, low quality of evidence
For adults with sepsis or septic shock, we recommend
using balanced crystalloids instead of normal saline for
resuscitation
Weak, low quality of evidence
2
2
25. Ventilation
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A For adults with sepsis induced hypoxemic
respiratory failure, we suggest the use of
high flow nasal oxygen over noninvasive
ventilation
Weak, low quality of evidence
2
5
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
We suggest using neuromuscular blocking
agents for ≤ 48 hours in adult patients with
sepsis-induced ARDS and a PaO2
/FiO2
ratio <
150 mmHg
Weak recommendation, moderate quality of
evidence
For adults with sepsis induced moderate-
severe ARDS, we suggest using
intermittent NMBA boluses, over NMBA
continuous infusion
Weak, moderate-quality evidence
26. Ventilation
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A For adults with sepsis-induced
severe ARDS, we suggest using
venovenous (VV) ECMO when
conventional mechanical ventilation
fails in experienced centers with
the infrastructure in place to
support its use
Weak, low quality of evidence
2
6
27. Additional Therapies
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
We suggest against using IV hydrocortisone to treat septic
shock patients if adequate fluid resuscitation and vasopressor
therapy are able to restore hemodynamic stability. If this is
not achievable, we suggest IV hydrocortisone at a dose of
200 mg/day
Weak, low quality of evidence
For adults with septic shock and an ongoing
requirement for vasopressor therapy, we suggest
using IV corticosteroids
Weak, moderate-quality evidence
2
7
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A For adults with sepsis or septic
shock we suggest against using IV
vitamin C
Weak, low quality of evidence
28. Additional Therapies
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
We suggest against the use of sodium bicarbonate therapy to
improve hemodynamics or to reduce vasopressor
requirements in patients with hypoperfusion-induced lactic
acidemia with pH
≥7.15
Weak recommendation, moderate quality of evidence
For adults with septic shock and severe metabolic
acidemia (pH ≤ 7.2) and acute kidney injury (AKIN
score 2 to 3), we suggest using sodium bicarbonate
therapy
Weak, low quality of evidence
2
8
29. Long-Term Outcomes and
Goals of Care
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A For adults with septic shock, we recommend
discussing goals of care and prognosis with
patients and families over no such discussion
Best practice statement
2
9
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A For adults with sepsis or septic shock, we
recommend that the principles of palliative care
(which may include palliative care consultation
based on clinician judgement) be integrated into the
treatment plan, when appropriate, to address
patient and family symptoms and suffering
Best practice statement
30. Long-Term Outcomes and
Goals of Care
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A For adults with sepsis or septic shock, we
recommend that the principles of palliative care
(which may include palliative care consultation
based on clinician judgement) be integrated into
the treatment plan, when appropriate, to address
patient and family symptoms and suffering
Best practice statement
3
0
31. Long-Term Outcomes and
Goals of Care
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A For adults with septic shock and their families, we
recommend screening for economic and social
support (including housing, nutritional, financial, and
spiritual support), and make referrals where available
to meet these needs
Best practice statement
3
1
2016 Recommendation 2021 Recommendation
N/A For adult survivors of sepsis or septic shock, we suggest
referral to a post-critical illness follow-up program if
available
Best practice statement
33. References
1. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis
and septic shock (Sepsis‐3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801‐810.
2. Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for
Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(11):e1063‐e1143
3. Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for
management of sepsis and septic shock; 2016. Crit Care Med. 2017;46(3):486‐552.
4. SCCM: Adult patients. Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM).
(n.d.).https://www.sccm.org/SurvivingSepsisCampaign/Guidelines/Adult-Patients
5. SCCM/LearnICU: Surviving sepsis campaign hour-1 bundle teaching slides. Society of Critical Care
Medicine (SCCM)
- LearnICU.
(n.d.).https://www.sccm.org/LearnICU/Resources/Surviving-Sepsis-Campaign-Hour-1-Bundle-Teaching-S
6. Gordon AC, Mason AJ, Thirunavukkarasu N, et al. VANISH Randomized Clinical Trial: Effect of early
vasopressin vs norepinephrine on kidney failure in patients with septic shock. JAMA. 2016; 316(5):
509‐518. 3
3