Sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions caused by the body's response to infection. Sepsis occurs when infection leads to organ dysfunction, while septic shock involves profound circulatory and cellular abnormalities that greatly increase the risk of death. Risk factors include older age, pregnancy, chronic diseases, and weak immune systems. Common causes are infections of the lungs, digestive tract, urinary system, and bloodstream. Signs and symptoms include inflammation, low blood pressure, organ dysfunction, tissue hypoperfusion, and coagulation abnormalities. Treatment involves antibiotics, IV fluids, vasopressors, supportive care, and surgery to remove the infection source.

1. SEPSIS AND SEPTIC
SHOCK
Dr. Prasenjit Gogoi
MBBS, MEM
Attending Consultant
Apollo Hospital, Guwahati

2. Introduction
• Sepsis – A life threatening organ dysfunction caused by
a dysregulated host response to infection.
• Septic shock – Sepsis in which underlying circulatory
and cellular/metabolic abnormalities are profound enough
to substantially increase mortality.

3. Risk Factors
• Infection
• Older adults
• Pregnant women
• Children younger than 1
• Chronic disease
• Weak immune systems

4. Causes
• Any infection – bacterial, viral or fungal.
• Most common
• Pneumonia
• Infection of digestive tract
• Infection of the urinary system
• Bloodstream infection

7. Signs and Symptoms

8. Signs and Symptoms
• Inflammatory
• High white blood cell count
• Immature white blood cells in the circulation
• Elevated plasma C-reactive protein
• Elevated procalcitonin
• Hemodynamic
• Low blood pressure
• Low central venous or mixed venous oxygen
saturation
• High cardiac index

9. Signs and Symptoms
• Organ Dysfunction
• Low oxygen level
• Low urine output
• High creatinine in the blood
• Coagulation abnormalities
• Absent bowel sounds
• Low platelet in the blood
• High bilirubin levels
• Tissue Perfusion
• High lactate in the blood
• Decreased capillary filling

10. Systemic Inflammatory Response
Syndrome

11. SEPSIS STEPS

12. Diagnosis
• Blood tests – drawn from two sites
• Evidence of infection
• Clotting problem
• Abnormal liver or kidney finctions
• Impaired oxygen availability
• Electrolyte imbalance

13. Diagnosis
• Other tests
• Urine
• Wound secretions
• Respiratory secretions
• Imaging tests
• X-rays
• USG
• CT
• MRI

14. Treatment
• Medications
• Antibiotics
• IV fluids
• Vasopressors
• Supportive care
• Oxygen
• Ventilation
• Dialysis
• Surgery
• Removal of source of infection – abscess, infected tissue
or gangrene.

15. Surviving Sepsis Campaign
Hour 1 Bundle of Care Elements
• Measure lactate levels.
• Obtain blood cultures before administering
antibiotics.
• Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics.
• Begin rapid administration of 30 mL/kg crystalloid for
hypotension or lactate level > 4 mmol/L.
• Apply vasopressors if hypotensive during or after fluid
resuscitation to maintain MAP > 65 mm Hg.
www.survivingsepsis.org

16. Thank you..!!