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comunicação intercultural e
              cibercultura


                    Gillian Moreira
                         DLC - UA
Um olhar foi o suficiente ...
            The picture was of the
            planet Earth, viewed
            from space ...
               Young, 1996
It didn’t show the boundary line of nations, the net of
political alliances among them – the coloured
patchwork of the maps of power and control. It
showed one, fragile but beautiful blue-green world –
spaceship Earth it has been called. Once this image
became part of the common heritage of humankind
we knew, at a deeper level than language, or difference,
what we needed to do and be.
                                         Young, 1996, p 1
a conectividade
conectividade
tecnológica:
   mais de 20% da
   população mundial com
   acesso a internet
conectividade social:
   Connectivity ties us
   together through
   complex flows of inter-
   relationship and
   dependency.
      Hartley, 2002.
1ª foto da internet
  blue — Northern
  America
  green — Europe, the
  Near East, the Central
  Asia, Africa
  yellow — Latin America
  red — Island Asia
  unknown regions are
  marked with a white
  colour
A comunicão intercultural
                       – uma prioridade
In an increasingly globalised and
interdependent world, where encountering
cultural difference can scarcely be avoided,
the ability to enter into a tolerant and respectful
dialogue is a vital skill for nations,
communities, and individuals.
                                     UNESCO.org
“the symbolic exchange process whereby
individuals from two (or more) different
cultural communities negotiate shared
meanings in an interactive situation”

                       Ting-Toomey, 1999: 16/17
Intercultural dialogue is an open and respectful
exchange of views between individuals and
groups belonging to different cultures that leads
to a deeper understanding of the other’s global
perception.
                               Council of Europe
Factores de diferença
identidade étnica
gênero
idade
deficiência física / mental
religião
aparência física
orientação sexual
nacionalidade
língua materna
...                           histórias / experiências de
                              vida / viagens / encontros
Qual o impacto da cultura na comunicação?
Que problemas de comunicação enfrentam
pessoas de diferentes culturas?
O que é que se entende por ‘cultura’?
a cultura é ...
shared meanings, beliefs, and values which bind
people together and differentiate between
them, visible through a whole range of
practices, beliefs, languages, institutions, and
products of a community
              Williams, 1981; Featherstone, 1991
“Culture is like an iceberg: the deeper layers […]
  are hidden from our view,” Ting-Toomey (1999: 10).
                            What
                            products, behaviours,
                            attitudes …


                            Why
                            traditions, beliefs, values
                            and symbolic meanings
                            …
As relações entre culturas são sempre relações
de poder
Ter competência intercultural significa ser capaz
de se movimentar entre culturas e de comunicar
com pessoas diferentes a nós
 É necessário reconhecer que para os outros
nós somos diferentes e que os nossos
comportamentos comunicativos são
culturalmente definidos e não ‘a norma’
A identidade cultural é o mais importante para a
maioria das pessoas.




                     ?
algumas questões
Pode a interacção no ciberespaço promover a
capacidade de dialogar interculturalmente?
Pode o contacto intercultural promover um
ciberespaço mais inclusivo?
O ciberespaço tem cultura própria? Tem valores
próprios?
É possível desenvolver aprendizagens interculturais
em ambientes que são culture-free?
Será o ciberespaço um espaço adequado para a
negociação da realidade e a (re)construção da
identidade?
“Intercultural communication is always a
challenge, but even more so when it happens
on line in the absence of visual and oral cues or
well-developed relationships.”
                                 Reeder, et al. 2008
O ciberespaço como espaço de
                  comunicação aberta, onde ...
...
      a comunicação é facilitada pela ausência de marcas
      sociais como clase social, gênero e origem étnica.
      utilizadores podem ser simultaneamente consumidores
      e produtores de informação
      o acesso a informação é maior
      tendo mais acesso a informação , os utilizadores tem
      mais vontade de participar na vida política e social.
a cultura e valores do ciberespaço?
  anglófono ?        rapidez ?
  ocidental ?        disponibilidade de
  individualista ?   informação ?
  competitivo ?      acesso livre ?
  aberto ?           …?
  directo ?
  democrático?
para quê?




http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/Press_Rele
             ase/internetStudy.html
quem?




http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/Press_Rele
             ase/internetStudy.html
O ciberespaço tem a sua própria cultura e valores;
devemos ter consciência disso quando comunicamos
com ‘outros’ on-line, bem como dos nossos próprios
pressupostos comunicativos
Na ausência de contexto físico, linguagem gestual,
contacto presencial, é mais provável que ocorram
dificuldades na comunicação (miscommunication
and misunderstanding); níveis de ansiedade podem
subir, levando a mais dificuldades de comunicação
Por outro lado,
  a interacção no ciberespaço é uma dimensão
  inevitável da vida contemporânea e uma força
  positiva na construção de identidades
  transculturais capazes de promover formas
  menos etnocéntricas de ver e viver o mundo;
  a expansão e alargamento da participação na
  cibercultura transformarão a cibercultura,
  tornando-a mais rica e mais diversa.
Referências
Chase, Mackie, Intercultural Challenges in Networked Learning: Hard Technologies Meet Soft Skills.
First Monday, Volume 7, number 8 (August 2002) http://firstmonday.org/issues7_8/chase/index.html
Council of Europe (2008) White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue “Living Together As Equals in
Dignity”. Strasbourg.
Feathertone, Mike (1991) Consumer Culture and Postmodernism. London: Sage Publications.
Forbes, Melanie L. What are peopel actually doing online?
http://www.cb.ca/technologystory2008/08/27/f-forbes-ecommerce.html
Gudykunst, William B.(1998) (3rd Ed) Bridging Differences. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Hall, Edward (1981) The Silent Language. New York: Anchor Books.
Hartley, J. (2002) Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The key concepts. London: Routledge
Jörissen, Benjamin (2003) Who’s online? Anthropological remarks on the construction of self and other
in computer-mediated communication. Reeder, Kenneth (et al) (2004) Falling through the (cultural) gaps?
Intercultural communication challenges in cyberspace. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1329
Ting-Toomey, Stella (1999) Communicating across cultures. London: Guildford Press
The Opte project. http://www.opte.org/
UNESCO.org. http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en
Williams, Raymond (1981) Culture. Glasgow: Fontana Books.
Young, Robert (1996) Intercultural Communication: Pragmatics, Genealogy, Deconstruction. Clevedon:
Multilingual Matters.

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Seminário Gillian Moreira

  • 1. comunicação intercultural e cibercultura Gillian Moreira DLC - UA
  • 2. Um olhar foi o suficiente ... The picture was of the planet Earth, viewed from space ... Young, 1996
  • 3. It didn’t show the boundary line of nations, the net of political alliances among them – the coloured patchwork of the maps of power and control. It showed one, fragile but beautiful blue-green world – spaceship Earth it has been called. Once this image became part of the common heritage of humankind we knew, at a deeper level than language, or difference, what we needed to do and be. Young, 1996, p 1
  • 4. a conectividade conectividade tecnológica: mais de 20% da população mundial com acesso a internet conectividade social: Connectivity ties us together through complex flows of inter- relationship and dependency. Hartley, 2002.
  • 5. 1ª foto da internet blue — Northern America green — Europe, the Near East, the Central Asia, Africa yellow — Latin America red — Island Asia unknown regions are marked with a white colour
  • 6. A comunicão intercultural – uma prioridade In an increasingly globalised and interdependent world, where encountering cultural difference can scarcely be avoided, the ability to enter into a tolerant and respectful dialogue is a vital skill for nations, communities, and individuals. UNESCO.org
  • 7. “the symbolic exchange process whereby individuals from two (or more) different cultural communities negotiate shared meanings in an interactive situation” Ting-Toomey, 1999: 16/17
  • 8. Intercultural dialogue is an open and respectful exchange of views between individuals and groups belonging to different cultures that leads to a deeper understanding of the other’s global perception. Council of Europe
  • 9. Factores de diferença identidade étnica gênero idade deficiência física / mental religião aparência física orientação sexual nacionalidade língua materna ... histórias / experiências de vida / viagens / encontros
  • 10. Qual o impacto da cultura na comunicação? Que problemas de comunicação enfrentam pessoas de diferentes culturas? O que é que se entende por ‘cultura’?
  • 11. a cultura é ... shared meanings, beliefs, and values which bind people together and differentiate between them, visible through a whole range of practices, beliefs, languages, institutions, and products of a community Williams, 1981; Featherstone, 1991
  • 12. “Culture is like an iceberg: the deeper layers […] are hidden from our view,” Ting-Toomey (1999: 10). What products, behaviours, attitudes … Why traditions, beliefs, values and symbolic meanings …
  • 13. As relações entre culturas são sempre relações de poder Ter competência intercultural significa ser capaz de se movimentar entre culturas e de comunicar com pessoas diferentes a nós É necessário reconhecer que para os outros nós somos diferentes e que os nossos comportamentos comunicativos são culturalmente definidos e não ‘a norma’
  • 14. A identidade cultural é o mais importante para a maioria das pessoas. ?
  • 15. algumas questões Pode a interacção no ciberespaço promover a capacidade de dialogar interculturalmente? Pode o contacto intercultural promover um ciberespaço mais inclusivo? O ciberespaço tem cultura própria? Tem valores próprios? É possível desenvolver aprendizagens interculturais em ambientes que são culture-free? Será o ciberespaço um espaço adequado para a negociação da realidade e a (re)construção da identidade?
  • 16. “Intercultural communication is always a challenge, but even more so when it happens on line in the absence of visual and oral cues or well-developed relationships.” Reeder, et al. 2008
  • 17. O ciberespaço como espaço de comunicação aberta, onde ... ... a comunicação é facilitada pela ausência de marcas sociais como clase social, gênero e origem étnica. utilizadores podem ser simultaneamente consumidores e produtores de informação o acesso a informação é maior tendo mais acesso a informação , os utilizadores tem mais vontade de participar na vida política e social.
  • 18. a cultura e valores do ciberespaço? anglófono ? rapidez ? ocidental ? disponibilidade de individualista ? informação ? competitivo ? acesso livre ? aberto ? …? directo ? democrático?
  • 21. O ciberespaço tem a sua própria cultura e valores; devemos ter consciência disso quando comunicamos com ‘outros’ on-line, bem como dos nossos próprios pressupostos comunicativos Na ausência de contexto físico, linguagem gestual, contacto presencial, é mais provável que ocorram dificuldades na comunicação (miscommunication and misunderstanding); níveis de ansiedade podem subir, levando a mais dificuldades de comunicação
  • 22. Por outro lado, a interacção no ciberespaço é uma dimensão inevitável da vida contemporânea e uma força positiva na construção de identidades transculturais capazes de promover formas menos etnocéntricas de ver e viver o mundo; a expansão e alargamento da participação na cibercultura transformarão a cibercultura, tornando-a mais rica e mais diversa.
  • 23. Referências Chase, Mackie, Intercultural Challenges in Networked Learning: Hard Technologies Meet Soft Skills. First Monday, Volume 7, number 8 (August 2002) http://firstmonday.org/issues7_8/chase/index.html Council of Europe (2008) White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue “Living Together As Equals in Dignity”. Strasbourg. Feathertone, Mike (1991) Consumer Culture and Postmodernism. London: Sage Publications. Forbes, Melanie L. What are peopel actually doing online? http://www.cb.ca/technologystory2008/08/27/f-forbes-ecommerce.html Gudykunst, William B.(1998) (3rd Ed) Bridging Differences. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Hall, Edward (1981) The Silent Language. New York: Anchor Books. Hartley, J. (2002) Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The key concepts. London: Routledge Jörissen, Benjamin (2003) Who’s online? Anthropological remarks on the construction of self and other in computer-mediated communication. Reeder, Kenneth (et al) (2004) Falling through the (cultural) gaps? Intercultural communication challenges in cyberspace. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1329 Ting-Toomey, Stella (1999) Communicating across cultures. London: Guildford Press The Opte project. http://www.opte.org/ UNESCO.org. http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en Williams, Raymond (1981) Culture. Glasgow: Fontana Books. Young, Robert (1996) Intercultural Communication: Pragmatics, Genealogy, Deconstruction. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.