1) Polysemy refers to words that share the same pronunciation and spelling but have multiple closely related meanings. Homonyms are normally written differently and have unrelated or similar meanings. 2) Antonyms are words with opposite meanings that can exist on a gradable scale or be complementary pairs where one excludes the other. 3) Hypernyms are general words at the top of a hierarchy while hyponyms are more specific words ranked below.

1. SEMANTICS 1
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MEANING COMPONENTS
by
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Grayson Wingate

2. POLYSEMY (多義語) たぎご
refers to words that share the same pronunciation
- in this sense they resemble homonyms
difference is that polysemous words share the same spelling
and have several meanings closely related to each other
Homonyms are normally written differently and expressed in
different kanji.
- the meaning of homonymous words is either
unrelated or shares a similar meaning.

3. ANTONYMY（対義語）たいぎご
a situation that has been paraphrased and viewed in
different perspectives
Antonyms
Complementary Pair
Gradable Relationship
Paraphrasable Pair
A pair of words with opposite or near opposite meanings
a pair of antonyms in which B is not A
a pair of antonyms that have several degrees in
between the two
ex. 勝つ vs 負ける you either win or lose
ex. 暑い & 寒い – 暖かい、涼しい
ex. 前 & 後ろ

4. HYPERNYMS VS HYPONYMS
(上位後) じょういご (下位語) かいご
Hypernyms
Hyponyms
general words that stand at the top of a list of related
words
words ranked lower on the hierarchy

5. MERONYMY
Meronymy
“X has Y” relationship, or part-whole relationship of hierarchy