This document discusses the selection and use of raw materials in the classroom. It begins by explaining that teachers often need to produce their own materials to suit their lessons when commercially available options are too expensive or unavailable. It then provides examples of raw materials like paper, plastic, soil and feathers that can be used. The document outlines various ways raw materials can be utilized, such as for posters, puppets, storybooks and crafts. Both advantages like contextualization and individualization, and disadvantages like lack of organization and quality issues are presented. Specific classroom tools made from raw materials like boards, displays, charts and puppets are also defined.

1. Technical skills and
knowledge for
producing materials
by:
AL Samihah Amni Dollah @
Abd.Aziz
Hamirah binti Wan Hamid

2.  Selection of raw materials
 Strengths and weaknesses of raw
materials

3. Introduction
Most of the time the exact materials for
the exact lessons the teacher wants to
present are not commercially available –
or if they are, they are way too pricey for
a humble teacher’s budget.
Part of the fun of teaching is producing
customised materials in order to present
lively engaging lessons for our young
students.

4. Scott Thornbury

5.  It places a premium on conversational
interaction among teacher and learners
where communication is authentic and
learner-driven rather than pedagogically
contrived and controlled by the teacher.

6. Selection of raw materials
 Raw material:
Noun: The basic material from which a
product is made.
 Help the teachers to teach with ease and
the learners to learn without stress.
 These materials appeal to the senses of
seeing, touching, smelling,

7. Examples of raw material:
Human-made resources:
Paper (newspaper, magazines, paper
box, paper bag), plastic (straw, reusable
plastic bag), computer (softwares),
string/thread
Natural resources:
Soil, small rocks, tree (cotton, leaves),
animal (feathers, shells)

8. Using Raw Materials in Classroom
 Posters/Displays
 Making Puppets
 Creating storybooks
 Creating Big Books
 Drama
 Craft materials
 Play Dough
 Realia
 Worksheets

9. BOARD

10. ZIGZAG MULTI-BOARD
 A zigzag multi-board:
 a series of 3 or 4 rectangular
boards.
 joined together

11. WALL DISPLAY
 A wall display is a collection of
many different types of items
and materials put up on a wall
to make an interesting and
informative display.

12. DISPLAY BOARD
 A display board is any kind of
board on which visual and written
materials can be pinned or glued.

13. FLANNEL BOARD
 Flannel board is a board covered in felt
or other rough fabric, or simply a large
piece of rough cloth (e.g. blanket).

14. BIG BOOK

15. K

16. CHART

17. PUPPET

18. A puppet is an inanimate object or
representational figure animated or
manipulated by an entertainer, who is
called a puppeteer. It is used in
puppetry, which is a very ancient form
of theatre.

19. 1) Finger
puppet
 .
Types of puppet

20. 2) Sock
puppet

21. 3)
Marionette
 Marionettes, or "string puppets“, are suspended
and controlled by a number of strings, plus
sometimes a central rod attached to a control bar
held from above by the puppeteer.

22. 4) Shadow
puppet
 A cut-out figure held between a source of light
and a translucent screen.

23. Advantages of raw materials
1. Contextualization
 enables them to take into account their particular
particular learning environment and to overcome the
the lack of ‘fit’ of the course book.
 a lack of commercial materials forces teachers to fall
fall back on their own resources and designing their
their own teaching materials can enable them to make
make best use of the resources available in their
teaching context.
 teacher-produced materials can be the best option in
option in terms of both school and student budget.

24. 2. Individual needs
 A teacher can develop materials that incorporate
elements of the learners’ first language and
culture, or at least provide opportunities for
acknowledgement and use alongside English.
 Teacher-prepared materials provide the
opportunity to select texts and activities at
exactly the right level for particular learners, to
ensure appropriate challenge and levels of
success.
 teachers can also make decisions about the most
appropriate organizing principle or focus for the

25. 3. Personalization
 Tapping into the interests and taking account of
the learning styles of students is likely to
increase motivation and engagement in learning.
 greater choice freedom and scope for
spontaneity when teachers develop their own
materials.

26. 4. Timeliness
 Teachers designing their own materials can
respond to local and international events with
up-to-date, relevant and high interest topics and
tasks.
 The teachable moment can be more readily
seized.

27. Weaknesses of raw materials
1. Organization
 may lack overall coherence and a clear
progression. Without some overall organizing
principle, materials may be piece meal and can
result in poorly focused activities lacking clear
direction.

28. 2. Physical organization and storage of materials.
 may be difficult to locate for ongoing use, or may
end up damaged or with parts missing.

29. 3. Quality
 may “seem ragged and unprofessional next to
those produced by professionals.” (Block, 1991
p.212, emphasis in original).
 They may contain errors, be poorly constructed,
lack clarity in layout and print and lack
durability.

30. 4. Time

31. Thank you . Any questions? Let’s discuss together. :D

32. References
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http://www.moe.gov.om/Portal/sitebuilder/sites/EPS/English/MOE/baproject/Ch15.pdf
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Gaylord, S. K. (n.d.). Families. Retrieved from makingbooks.com:
http://www.makingbooks.com/families.shtml
Hudu, Z. (2012). Instructional Technology in Extension TeachingThe case of Audio—Visuals. Retrieved
from Academia.edu:
http://academia.edu/2474080/Instructional_Technology_in_Extension_Teaching_The_
case_of_Audio-Visuals
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http://www.ehow.com/info_8452224_advantages-disadvantages- shared-reading.html
Lynch, P. (1996). A Guide for Using Big Books in the Classroom. Canada: Scholastic Canada Ltd.
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http://www.ehow.com/info_8694803_disadvantages-bulletin-boards.html
http://www.medwelljournals.com/fulltext/?doi=ajit.2010.107.110
http://www.thornburyscott.com/tu/MET1rawmaterials.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart
http://agcj.tamu.edu/howto/GraphicsAdDisad.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask
http://ktf2013.weebly.com/uploads/8/7/6/1/8761106/tsl3111_topic_5_student_1.pdf
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