This document contains a 20 question multiple choice quiz about concepts related to atomic structure, bonding, and compounds. The questions cover topics like ionic bonding, metallic bonding, properties of ionic and covalent compounds, electron configuration, and electrolysis.
This document contains a test bank with 30 multiple choice questions about chemistry concepts from Campbell Biology Chapter 2. It provides the questions, multiple choice answers, taxonomy level, and section for each question. It also includes links to websites selling full test banks and contact information for ordering test banks.
1. Chemical bonds result from the mutual attraction between nuclei and electrons.
2. Polar covalent bonds are likely to form between atoms that differ in electronegativity.
3. The Lewis structure of HCN contains one triple bond and one single bond.
Definitions and MCQs of Ninth Class Chemistry (chemical energetics)Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur
This document defines key terms related to chemical energetics and thermodynamics. It discusses exothermic and endothermic reactions, heat of formation, standard heat of formation, and enthalpy. It also provides multiple choice questions to test understanding of these concepts, such as identifying whether photosynthesis is an exothermic or endothermic reaction.
The document outlines various facts about chemistry and biology. It discusses that all living things must adapt, get energy, reproduce and be made of cells. It also explains that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons and that protons and neutrons are in the nucleus while electrons orbit. Additionally, it notes the three types of bonds - hydrogen, ionic and covalent - and provides facts about water chemistry including its chemical formula and polarity.
1. The document covers biochemical concepts including characteristics of living things, chemistry of life, water, and pH. It discusses atoms, chemical bonds, the periodic table, properties of water including its polarity, and the pH scale.
2. Key aspects of chemistry covered are that atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons; chemical bonds can be ionic or covalent; and water is a polar covalent molecule that can form hydrogen bonds.
3. The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions, with values below 7 indicating acids and above 7 indicating bases.
1. Atoms can combine in many ways to form compounds or molecules through chemical bonds like ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.
2. Compounds have specific properties and compositions unlike mixtures which do not have set ratios of substances mixed together.
3. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous, where components are not evenly mixed and can be seen separately, or homogeneous solutions where components are dissolved and evenly mixed on a microscopic level.
The document contains a final review with multiple choice questions covering various topics in science. Some of the questions test understanding of the relationships between science and technology, the importance of scientific models, and properties of pure substances and mixtures. Other questions cover topics like physical and chemical changes, phase changes, atomic structure, periodic trends, bonding, chemical reactions, nuclear processes, and stoichiometry.
This document contains a 20 question multiple choice quiz about concepts related to atomic structure, bonding, and compounds. The questions cover topics like ionic bonding, metallic bonding, properties of ionic and covalent compounds, electron configuration, and electrolysis.
This document contains a test bank with 30 multiple choice questions about chemistry concepts from Campbell Biology Chapter 2. It provides the questions, multiple choice answers, taxonomy level, and section for each question. It also includes links to websites selling full test banks and contact information for ordering test banks.
1. Chemical bonds result from the mutual attraction between nuclei and electrons.
2. Polar covalent bonds are likely to form between atoms that differ in electronegativity.
3. The Lewis structure of HCN contains one triple bond and one single bond.
Definitions and MCQs of Ninth Class Chemistry (chemical energetics)Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur
This document defines key terms related to chemical energetics and thermodynamics. It discusses exothermic and endothermic reactions, heat of formation, standard heat of formation, and enthalpy. It also provides multiple choice questions to test understanding of these concepts, such as identifying whether photosynthesis is an exothermic or endothermic reaction.
The document outlines various facts about chemistry and biology. It discusses that all living things must adapt, get energy, reproduce and be made of cells. It also explains that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons and that protons and neutrons are in the nucleus while electrons orbit. Additionally, it notes the three types of bonds - hydrogen, ionic and covalent - and provides facts about water chemistry including its chemical formula and polarity.
1. The document covers biochemical concepts including characteristics of living things, chemistry of life, water, and pH. It discusses atoms, chemical bonds, the periodic table, properties of water including its polarity, and the pH scale.
2. Key aspects of chemistry covered are that atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons; chemical bonds can be ionic or covalent; and water is a polar covalent molecule that can form hydrogen bonds.
3. The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions, with values below 7 indicating acids and above 7 indicating bases.
1. Atoms can combine in many ways to form compounds or molecules through chemical bonds like ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.
2. Compounds have specific properties and compositions unlike mixtures which do not have set ratios of substances mixed together.
3. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous, where components are not evenly mixed and can be seen separately, or homogeneous solutions where components are dissolved and evenly mixed on a microscopic level.
The document contains a final review with multiple choice questions covering various topics in science. Some of the questions test understanding of the relationships between science and technology, the importance of scientific models, and properties of pure substances and mixtures. Other questions cover topics like physical and chemical changes, phase changes, atomic structure, periodic trends, bonding, chemical reactions, nuclear processes, and stoichiometry.
This document outlines the intended learning outcomes for science in grades 7-8 in Utah. It discusses six main categories of skills and understanding that students should develop: 1) using science process and thinking skills, 2) demonstrating understanding of science concepts and principles, 3) communicating effectively using science language and reasoning, 4) demonstrating awareness of social and historical aspects of science, 5) demonstrating understanding of the nature of science, and 6) using these skills to answer multiple choice questions about science examples and experiments.
Human Biology 15th Edition Mader Test BankHowardRichsa
The document contains a test bank with multiple choice questions about topics in chemistry including atomic structure, the periodic table, chemical bonds, organic molecules, and macromolecules. It provides questions to test students' understanding of key concepts as well as multiple choice answers for self-grading.
10/26 What are the 3 types of chemical bonds? - Part IImrheffner
The document provides information about chemical bonds, compounds, and the three main types of bonds - ionic, covalent, and metallic. It discusses how atoms bond through the exchange or sharing of electrons between elements. Examples are provided to demonstrate identifying ionic versus covalent bonds based on whether the elements involved are metals/nonmetals and whether electrons are exchanged or shared. Students are given practice questions to work through.
The document discusses chapters 2 and 3 of a chemistry and water textbook. Chapter 2 covers chemical elements, atomic symbols, the periodic table, atomic structure including the Bohr model, chemical bonding including ionic and covalent bonds, and polarity. Chapter 3 discusses the properties of water, acids and bases, and hydrogen bonding. The learning objectives are to understand subatomic particles, electron configurations, ionic and covalent bonds, polar compounds, pH, and buffer interactions.
Definitions and MCQs of Ninth Class Chemistry (states of matter)Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur
The document defines various states of matter and chemistry concepts. It provides definitions for solid, liquid, gas, diffusion, pressure, temperature, heat, density, vapor pressure, boiling, melting, sublimation, latent heat of fusion, and Brownian motion. It then presents multiple choice questions related to these topics, with an answer key provided. Some key points covered are that solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but not shape, and gases have neither definite shape nor volume. It also defines boiling as when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure and sublimation as when a solid changes directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state.
This document discusses matter and energy. It defines matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. It can also be classified as elements, compounds, or mixtures depending on its composition. The document also discusses physical and chemical properties, changes, and conservation of mass. It defines energy and different forms such as kinetic, potential, electrical, and chemical. Energy is involved in chemical and physical changes. Temperature is a measure of molecular motion, and different substances have different heat capacities, which is the amount of energy needed to change their temperature.
The document appears to contain multiple choice questions from natural science and social science subjects. It includes questions about density calculations, chemical and physical changes, human anatomy, astronomy, the scientific method, and Philippine history. The questions cover a wide range of science and social studies topics at varying levels of difficulty.
This document provides a short quiz on basic cell biology concepts:
1. It asks questions about structures found in cells like the cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, and cytoplasm.
2. It also asks about the definition of terms like organ, magnification, and organ systems.
3. Additional questions cover the function of plant cell walls in preventing bursting from water absorption and locations of starch grains in plant cells.
This document provides instructions for a chemical bonds web quest. Students are asked to work in groups to answer 10 questions about the four main types of chemical bonds - covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and metallic. The questions address the behavior of electrons in different bonds, the types of elements that form each bond, properties of covalent bonds, and drawing Lewis dot structures. Students are directed to use four provided websites to research the answers. Their work will be evaluated based on getting the content correct and their level of cooperation. Upon completion, students will have learned about the different chemical bonds.
The document discusses several key chemistry concepts including:
1. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes, where electrolytes conduct electricity in solution and form ions, while non-electrolytes do not conduct electricity or form ions.
2. Acids and bases, where acids donate hydrogen ions in solution and bases donate hydroxide ions, changing indicator colors.
3. Ionic and covalent bonds, where ionic bonds involve a full transfer of electrons between atoms and covalent bonds involve shared electron pairs between atoms.
4. The differences between ionic compounds, covalent compounds, and their properties such as melting points.
This document reviews basic chemistry concepts including the structure of atoms, isotopes, and radioactive isotopes. It defines key terms like elements, protons, neutrons, electrons, isotopes, and mass number. It also reviews covalent and ionic bonding, explaining that covalent compounds are molecules that share electrons while ionic compounds transfer electrons resulting in positive and negative charges attracting each other. Examples of important molecules and ions are provided.
The synaptic order a key concept to understand multicenter bonding synapticLionel Wolberger
The document discusses the concept of multicenter bonding from the perspective of topological theories of bonding. It introduces the electron localization function (ELF) which can be used to analyze localization domains and classify bonds. ELF analysis provides definitions of multicenter bonds like 3c-2e bonds seen in B2H6 and 3c-4e bonds in hypervalent molecules like XeF2. The synaptic order of a localization basin, defined as the number of cores it shares a boundary with, is proposed as a descriptor of multicenter bonds that is complementary to the valence concept. While ELF provides a way to rigorously analyze bonding, the choice of localization function remains an open issue.
This document is a worksheet about valence electrons that contains questions asking students to:
1) Identify the number of electrons in various elements.
2) Draw Lewis structures and identify the number of outer shell electrons for different elements.
3) Identify the number of valence electrons elements have by filling in their electron configurations.
This document discusses atoms and molecules. It defines an atom as the smallest indivisible unit of matter and a molecule as two or more atoms bonded together. Atoms have a nucleus surrounded by electrons, while molecules can be subdivided into individual atoms. The document provides examples of water molecules composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. It also describes how atoms bond together by sharing or transferring valence electrons to form molecules.
Ch.2 the structure of matter and the chemical elementsKeith James
This document provides an overview of models and the structure of matter. It discusses how models are simplified representations of reality used in science, architecture, and business. Matter is composed of tiny particles that are in constant motion. The motion of particles is related to temperature and the state of matter. Solids, liquids, and gases differ in how freely particles can move and how strongly they attract each other. Elements are the fundamental units that make up compounds and cannot be broken down further chemically. The periodic table organizes elements according to their properties and atomic structure. Elements can have different isotopes that vary in neutron number. Molecules form when atoms bond together via sharing or exchanging electrons.
This document discusses different types of chemical bonds: ionic bonds form when atoms gain or lose valence electrons to become ions with opposite charges that attract. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share valence electrons in single, double or triple bonds. Metallic bonds are characteristic of metals, with mobile valence electrons shared throughout the crystal structure. Ionic compounds are solid, often water-soluble with high melting/boiling points and low thermal conductivity.
The document discusses the formation of compounds through chemical bonding. It explains that compounds form when atoms bond through electron sharing or transfer between elements. Atoms can form ionic bonds when a metal reacts with a non-metal, with the metal atom donating electrons to form positive ions and the non-metal accepting electrons to form negative ions. Compounds of non-metals form molecular bonds through covalent bonding where atoms share electrons. Bonding determines a compound's properties which differ from the original elements. Formulas represent the atoms in a compound's molecules.
1. The document is a study guide for a General Chemistry II exam that covers topics like ionic bonding, covalent bonding, polarity, intermolecular forces, phase diagrams, vapor pressure, and nomenclature.
2. It includes multiple choice questions about the transfer of electrons in ionic bonding, shared electron pairs in covalent bonding, what defines a polar covalent bond, and properties of polar and nonpolar molecules.
3. Questions also address which substances have higher boiling points due to stronger intermolecular forces, defining a phase diagram, identifying the critical temperature on a phase diagram, and which solute will have the lowest vapor pressure in solution.
This document contains a 50-question chemistry semester review covering various topics including:
1) Properties of ionic compounds including their high melting points.
2) Bond types and strengths in molecules like NH3.
3) Types of bonds that would form between different sets of elements.
4) Factors that determine states of matter for different compounds at various temperatures including intermolecular forces.
The review covers concepts of bonding, molecular shapes, properties of states of matter, acid/base chemistry and chemical reactions.
CHAPTER TEST ON INTERMOLECULAR FORCES LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS.pptxAliceRivera13
1) Crystalline solids have highly ordered structures, with particles arranged in repeating patterns, while amorphous solids have no long-range order to their particle arrangements.
2) As a liquid evaporates, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases as they gain energy from their surroundings. Molecules at the surface escape as a gas, causing the remaining liquid's temperature to decrease as heat is used to overcome intermolecular forces.
3) Alcohol will evaporate faster than water from open containers at the same conditions because it has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature due to weaker intermolecular forces, meaning more molecules have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces and enter the gas phase.
1. What types of bonding is illustrated in sharing of electr.pdfvikasbajajhissar
1. What types of bonding is illustrated in sharing of electrons?
a. Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e. a and b
2. What is the relationship between polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds?
a.There is no relationship between these two types of bonds
b.The formation of hydrogen bonds induces the formation of polar covalent bonds
c.The formation of polar covalent bonds creates the centers of partial positive and partial
negative charge that are required for the weak electrostatic interactions associated with hydrogen
bonds
d.Both types of bonds directly use pairs of shared electrons
e.Both types of bonds are based on electrostatic interactions.
3. What is the physical nature of the hydrogen bond?
a. There is a strong electrostatic attraction between a positive charge and a negative charge.
b. There is a weak electrostatic attraction between a positive charge and a negative charge.
c. Two electrons are equally shared in a bonding orbital between the oxygen and the hydrogen
atom.
d. Two electrons are unequally shared in a bonding orbital between the oxygen and the hydrogen
atom, such that a polar covalent bond is formed.
e. None of the above.
4. What type of bonding is illustrated when electrons are transferred?
a.Covalent
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e.None of the above
5. What common feature is shared by the sodium and chloride ions?
a.Both ions have unpaired electrons in their outermost energy levels.
b.Both ions have electrons in the third energy levels.
c.Both ions have eight electrons in their outermost energy levels.
d.Both ions have complete outermost energy levels, resulting in great stability.
e.Both c and d are correct
6. What type of bonding is illustrated when electrons are shared unequally?
a.Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e.None of the above
7. What feature of the bond between hydrogen and oxygen is most important in explaining how
water can act as a powerful solvent?
a.The electrons
b.The atomic nuclei
c.Ionic bonds
d.Covalent bonds
e.The unequal electron distribution that produces the partial positive andpartial negative charges
associated with the hydrogen bond
8. What type of bonding is illustrated when the oxygen of one water molecule bonds with the
hydrogen of another?
a.Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e.None of the above
9. An atom\'s orbital with one electron combines with another atom\'s orbital that also contains
one electron. What is produced?
a.A bonding orbital containing two electrons
b.A covalent bond
c.A molecule
d.A hydrogen bond
e.Responses a, b, and c
10. How many electrons are associated with a single covalent bond between two atoms?
a.Zero electrons
b.One electron
c.Two electrons
d.Four electrons
e.eight electrons
1. What types of bonding is illustrated in sharing of electrons?
a. Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e. a and b
2. What is the relationship between po.
Which of the following is a trace element, required only in small amo.pdfarjuntiwari586
Which of the following is a trace element, required only in small amounts by most living things?
a. oxygen b. iron c. nitrogen d. carbon e. hydrogen An acid is a substance that a. dissolves in
water. b. forms covalent bonds with other substances. c. donates hydrogen ions to solutions. d.
is a versatile solvent. e. removes hydrogen ions from solutions. How an atom behaves when it
comes into contact with other atoms is determined by its a. nucleus. b. size. c. protons. d.
neutrons. e. electrons. Most of water\'s unique properties result from the fact that water
molecules a. are very small. b. tend to repel each other. c. are extremely large. d. tend to stick
together. e. are in constant motion. Atoms of different phosphorus isotopes. a. have different
atomic numbers. b. have different numbers of neutrons. c. react differently with other atoms. d.
have different numbers of electrons. e. have different numbers of protons. An ion is formed
when an atom a. forms a covalent bond with another atom. a. forms a covalent bond with
another atom. b. gains or loses an electron. c. becomes part of a molecule. d. gains or loses a
proton. e. gains or loses a neutron. The smallest particle of water is a. an atom. b. a crystal c.
an element. d. a compound e. a molecule. Why are biologists so interested in chemistry? a.
Chemicals are the fundamental parts of all living things. b. Most chemicals are harmful to living
things. c. They know little about life except the chemicals it is made from. d. If you underhand
the chemistry of life. you can make a lot of money. e. Everything about life can be known by
understanding its chemistry. Molecule are always moving. Some molecules move faster than
others;___ is a measure of there average velocity of movement. a. Polarity b. heat c.
temperature d. electronegativity e. density Which of the following holds atoms together in a
molecule? a. ionic bonds between atoms b. transfer of protons from one atom to another c.
sharing of electrons between atoms d. loss of neutrons by atoms e. sharing of protons between
atoms Ice floats because a. it to colder than liquid water. b. its molecules are moving faster
than in liquid water. C it to more dense than liquid water. d. its hydrogen molecules bond to the
water surface film e. its water molecules are farther apart than in liquid water. Adding acid
tends to______of a solution. a. increase the hydrogen ion concentration and raise the pH b.
increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH c. decrease the hydrogen ion
concentration and raise the pH d. decrease the hydrogen Km concentration and lower the pH e.
c or d, depending on the original acidity Essay List the four elements needed by living things in
large amounts, two others needed in moderate amounts, and two elements needed in trace
amounts.
Solution
Answer:-
1:-Option b, Iron is trace element required in less than 1000mg/kg of dry matter
2:-option c, donates hydrogen ion to the solution.
3:-Option e, electrons determine.
This document outlines the intended learning outcomes for science in grades 7-8 in Utah. It discusses six main categories of skills and understanding that students should develop: 1) using science process and thinking skills, 2) demonstrating understanding of science concepts and principles, 3) communicating effectively using science language and reasoning, 4) demonstrating awareness of social and historical aspects of science, 5) demonstrating understanding of the nature of science, and 6) using these skills to answer multiple choice questions about science examples and experiments.
Human Biology 15th Edition Mader Test BankHowardRichsa
The document contains a test bank with multiple choice questions about topics in chemistry including atomic structure, the periodic table, chemical bonds, organic molecules, and macromolecules. It provides questions to test students' understanding of key concepts as well as multiple choice answers for self-grading.
10/26 What are the 3 types of chemical bonds? - Part IImrheffner
The document provides information about chemical bonds, compounds, and the three main types of bonds - ionic, covalent, and metallic. It discusses how atoms bond through the exchange or sharing of electrons between elements. Examples are provided to demonstrate identifying ionic versus covalent bonds based on whether the elements involved are metals/nonmetals and whether electrons are exchanged or shared. Students are given practice questions to work through.
The document discusses chapters 2 and 3 of a chemistry and water textbook. Chapter 2 covers chemical elements, atomic symbols, the periodic table, atomic structure including the Bohr model, chemical bonding including ionic and covalent bonds, and polarity. Chapter 3 discusses the properties of water, acids and bases, and hydrogen bonding. The learning objectives are to understand subatomic particles, electron configurations, ionic and covalent bonds, polar compounds, pH, and buffer interactions.
Definitions and MCQs of Ninth Class Chemistry (states of matter)Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur
The document defines various states of matter and chemistry concepts. It provides definitions for solid, liquid, gas, diffusion, pressure, temperature, heat, density, vapor pressure, boiling, melting, sublimation, latent heat of fusion, and Brownian motion. It then presents multiple choice questions related to these topics, with an answer key provided. Some key points covered are that solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but not shape, and gases have neither definite shape nor volume. It also defines boiling as when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure and sublimation as when a solid changes directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state.
This document discusses matter and energy. It defines matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. It can also be classified as elements, compounds, or mixtures depending on its composition. The document also discusses physical and chemical properties, changes, and conservation of mass. It defines energy and different forms such as kinetic, potential, electrical, and chemical. Energy is involved in chemical and physical changes. Temperature is a measure of molecular motion, and different substances have different heat capacities, which is the amount of energy needed to change their temperature.
The document appears to contain multiple choice questions from natural science and social science subjects. It includes questions about density calculations, chemical and physical changes, human anatomy, astronomy, the scientific method, and Philippine history. The questions cover a wide range of science and social studies topics at varying levels of difficulty.
This document provides a short quiz on basic cell biology concepts:
1. It asks questions about structures found in cells like the cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, and cytoplasm.
2. It also asks about the definition of terms like organ, magnification, and organ systems.
3. Additional questions cover the function of plant cell walls in preventing bursting from water absorption and locations of starch grains in plant cells.
This document provides instructions for a chemical bonds web quest. Students are asked to work in groups to answer 10 questions about the four main types of chemical bonds - covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and metallic. The questions address the behavior of electrons in different bonds, the types of elements that form each bond, properties of covalent bonds, and drawing Lewis dot structures. Students are directed to use four provided websites to research the answers. Their work will be evaluated based on getting the content correct and their level of cooperation. Upon completion, students will have learned about the different chemical bonds.
The document discusses several key chemistry concepts including:
1. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes, where electrolytes conduct electricity in solution and form ions, while non-electrolytes do not conduct electricity or form ions.
2. Acids and bases, where acids donate hydrogen ions in solution and bases donate hydroxide ions, changing indicator colors.
3. Ionic and covalent bonds, where ionic bonds involve a full transfer of electrons between atoms and covalent bonds involve shared electron pairs between atoms.
4. The differences between ionic compounds, covalent compounds, and their properties such as melting points.
This document reviews basic chemistry concepts including the structure of atoms, isotopes, and radioactive isotopes. It defines key terms like elements, protons, neutrons, electrons, isotopes, and mass number. It also reviews covalent and ionic bonding, explaining that covalent compounds are molecules that share electrons while ionic compounds transfer electrons resulting in positive and negative charges attracting each other. Examples of important molecules and ions are provided.
The synaptic order a key concept to understand multicenter bonding synapticLionel Wolberger
The document discusses the concept of multicenter bonding from the perspective of topological theories of bonding. It introduces the electron localization function (ELF) which can be used to analyze localization domains and classify bonds. ELF analysis provides definitions of multicenter bonds like 3c-2e bonds seen in B2H6 and 3c-4e bonds in hypervalent molecules like XeF2. The synaptic order of a localization basin, defined as the number of cores it shares a boundary with, is proposed as a descriptor of multicenter bonds that is complementary to the valence concept. While ELF provides a way to rigorously analyze bonding, the choice of localization function remains an open issue.
This document is a worksheet about valence electrons that contains questions asking students to:
1) Identify the number of electrons in various elements.
2) Draw Lewis structures and identify the number of outer shell electrons for different elements.
3) Identify the number of valence electrons elements have by filling in their electron configurations.
This document discusses atoms and molecules. It defines an atom as the smallest indivisible unit of matter and a molecule as two or more atoms bonded together. Atoms have a nucleus surrounded by electrons, while molecules can be subdivided into individual atoms. The document provides examples of water molecules composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. It also describes how atoms bond together by sharing or transferring valence electrons to form molecules.
Ch.2 the structure of matter and the chemical elementsKeith James
This document provides an overview of models and the structure of matter. It discusses how models are simplified representations of reality used in science, architecture, and business. Matter is composed of tiny particles that are in constant motion. The motion of particles is related to temperature and the state of matter. Solids, liquids, and gases differ in how freely particles can move and how strongly they attract each other. Elements are the fundamental units that make up compounds and cannot be broken down further chemically. The periodic table organizes elements according to their properties and atomic structure. Elements can have different isotopes that vary in neutron number. Molecules form when atoms bond together via sharing or exchanging electrons.
This document discusses different types of chemical bonds: ionic bonds form when atoms gain or lose valence electrons to become ions with opposite charges that attract. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share valence electrons in single, double or triple bonds. Metallic bonds are characteristic of metals, with mobile valence electrons shared throughout the crystal structure. Ionic compounds are solid, often water-soluble with high melting/boiling points and low thermal conductivity.
The document discusses the formation of compounds through chemical bonding. It explains that compounds form when atoms bond through electron sharing or transfer between elements. Atoms can form ionic bonds when a metal reacts with a non-metal, with the metal atom donating electrons to form positive ions and the non-metal accepting electrons to form negative ions. Compounds of non-metals form molecular bonds through covalent bonding where atoms share electrons. Bonding determines a compound's properties which differ from the original elements. Formulas represent the atoms in a compound's molecules.
1. The document is a study guide for a General Chemistry II exam that covers topics like ionic bonding, covalent bonding, polarity, intermolecular forces, phase diagrams, vapor pressure, and nomenclature.
2. It includes multiple choice questions about the transfer of electrons in ionic bonding, shared electron pairs in covalent bonding, what defines a polar covalent bond, and properties of polar and nonpolar molecules.
3. Questions also address which substances have higher boiling points due to stronger intermolecular forces, defining a phase diagram, identifying the critical temperature on a phase diagram, and which solute will have the lowest vapor pressure in solution.
This document contains a 50-question chemistry semester review covering various topics including:
1) Properties of ionic compounds including their high melting points.
2) Bond types and strengths in molecules like NH3.
3) Types of bonds that would form between different sets of elements.
4) Factors that determine states of matter for different compounds at various temperatures including intermolecular forces.
The review covers concepts of bonding, molecular shapes, properties of states of matter, acid/base chemistry and chemical reactions.
CHAPTER TEST ON INTERMOLECULAR FORCES LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS.pptxAliceRivera13
1) Crystalline solids have highly ordered structures, with particles arranged in repeating patterns, while amorphous solids have no long-range order to their particle arrangements.
2) As a liquid evaporates, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases as they gain energy from their surroundings. Molecules at the surface escape as a gas, causing the remaining liquid's temperature to decrease as heat is used to overcome intermolecular forces.
3) Alcohol will evaporate faster than water from open containers at the same conditions because it has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature due to weaker intermolecular forces, meaning more molecules have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces and enter the gas phase.
1. What types of bonding is illustrated in sharing of electr.pdfvikasbajajhissar
1. What types of bonding is illustrated in sharing of electrons?
a. Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e. a and b
2. What is the relationship between polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds?
a.There is no relationship between these two types of bonds
b.The formation of hydrogen bonds induces the formation of polar covalent bonds
c.The formation of polar covalent bonds creates the centers of partial positive and partial
negative charge that are required for the weak electrostatic interactions associated with hydrogen
bonds
d.Both types of bonds directly use pairs of shared electrons
e.Both types of bonds are based on electrostatic interactions.
3. What is the physical nature of the hydrogen bond?
a. There is a strong electrostatic attraction between a positive charge and a negative charge.
b. There is a weak electrostatic attraction between a positive charge and a negative charge.
c. Two electrons are equally shared in a bonding orbital between the oxygen and the hydrogen
atom.
d. Two electrons are unequally shared in a bonding orbital between the oxygen and the hydrogen
atom, such that a polar covalent bond is formed.
e. None of the above.
4. What type of bonding is illustrated when electrons are transferred?
a.Covalent
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e.None of the above
5. What common feature is shared by the sodium and chloride ions?
a.Both ions have unpaired electrons in their outermost energy levels.
b.Both ions have electrons in the third energy levels.
c.Both ions have eight electrons in their outermost energy levels.
d.Both ions have complete outermost energy levels, resulting in great stability.
e.Both c and d are correct
6. What type of bonding is illustrated when electrons are shared unequally?
a.Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e.None of the above
7. What feature of the bond between hydrogen and oxygen is most important in explaining how
water can act as a powerful solvent?
a.The electrons
b.The atomic nuclei
c.Ionic bonds
d.Covalent bonds
e.The unequal electron distribution that produces the partial positive andpartial negative charges
associated with the hydrogen bond
8. What type of bonding is illustrated when the oxygen of one water molecule bonds with the
hydrogen of another?
a.Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e.None of the above
9. An atom\'s orbital with one electron combines with another atom\'s orbital that also contains
one electron. What is produced?
a.A bonding orbital containing two electrons
b.A covalent bond
c.A molecule
d.A hydrogen bond
e.Responses a, b, and c
10. How many electrons are associated with a single covalent bond between two atoms?
a.Zero electrons
b.One electron
c.Two electrons
d.Four electrons
e.eight electrons
1. What types of bonding is illustrated in sharing of electrons?
a. Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e. a and b
2. What is the relationship between po.
Which of the following is a trace element, required only in small amo.pdfarjuntiwari586
Which of the following is a trace element, required only in small amounts by most living things?
a. oxygen b. iron c. nitrogen d. carbon e. hydrogen An acid is a substance that a. dissolves in
water. b. forms covalent bonds with other substances. c. donates hydrogen ions to solutions. d.
is a versatile solvent. e. removes hydrogen ions from solutions. How an atom behaves when it
comes into contact with other atoms is determined by its a. nucleus. b. size. c. protons. d.
neutrons. e. electrons. Most of water\'s unique properties result from the fact that water
molecules a. are very small. b. tend to repel each other. c. are extremely large. d. tend to stick
together. e. are in constant motion. Atoms of different phosphorus isotopes. a. have different
atomic numbers. b. have different numbers of neutrons. c. react differently with other atoms. d.
have different numbers of electrons. e. have different numbers of protons. An ion is formed
when an atom a. forms a covalent bond with another atom. a. forms a covalent bond with
another atom. b. gains or loses an electron. c. becomes part of a molecule. d. gains or loses a
proton. e. gains or loses a neutron. The smallest particle of water is a. an atom. b. a crystal c.
an element. d. a compound e. a molecule. Why are biologists so interested in chemistry? a.
Chemicals are the fundamental parts of all living things. b. Most chemicals are harmful to living
things. c. They know little about life except the chemicals it is made from. d. If you underhand
the chemistry of life. you can make a lot of money. e. Everything about life can be known by
understanding its chemistry. Molecule are always moving. Some molecules move faster than
others;___ is a measure of there average velocity of movement. a. Polarity b. heat c.
temperature d. electronegativity e. density Which of the following holds atoms together in a
molecule? a. ionic bonds between atoms b. transfer of protons from one atom to another c.
sharing of electrons between atoms d. loss of neutrons by atoms e. sharing of protons between
atoms Ice floats because a. it to colder than liquid water. b. its molecules are moving faster
than in liquid water. C it to more dense than liquid water. d. its hydrogen molecules bond to the
water surface film e. its water molecules are farther apart than in liquid water. Adding acid
tends to______of a solution. a. increase the hydrogen ion concentration and raise the pH b.
increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH c. decrease the hydrogen ion
concentration and raise the pH d. decrease the hydrogen Km concentration and lower the pH e.
c or d, depending on the original acidity Essay List the four elements needed by living things in
large amounts, two others needed in moderate amounts, and two elements needed in trace
amounts.
Solution
Answer:-
1:-Option b, Iron is trace element required in less than 1000mg/kg of dry matter
2:-option c, donates hydrogen ion to the solution.
3:-Option e, electrons determine.
This document contains a test bank of multiple choice questions for Biology: The Essentials 3rd Edition by Hoefnagels. The questions cover topics on the structure of atoms, chemical bonds, and properties of water. Specifically, questions assess remembering details about atomic structure like protons, neutrons, electrons; the different types of chemical bonds like ionic and covalent; and phase changes of water like evaporation. The test bank aims to evaluate students' mastery of key concepts in chemistry that are relevant to understanding biology.
This document contains a daily lesson plan for a physical science class taught on February 7, 2024. The objectives of the lesson are to differentiate between polar and nonpolar bonds, determine bond polarity using electronegativity, and familiarize students with molecular shapes. The lesson will cover the polarity of molecules, discussing how electronegativity differences between atoms affect bond polarity and the polarity of the overall molecule. Formative assessments include multiple choice and true/false questions about bond polarity, electronegativity, and molecular geometry. The teacher will reflect on students' performance and the effectiveness of teaching strategies.
The document contains 25 multiple choice questions about various topics in chemistry and biology including atomic structure, chemical bonding, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and biodiversity. The questions assess understanding of key concepts such as the components of an atom's nucleus, Bohr's atomic model, types of chemical bonds, and processes like glycolysis and the electron transport chain.
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2) Section II contains short answer questions worth 4 marks total.
3) Section III contains very short answer questions worth 6 marks total.
4) Section IV contains multiple choice questions worth 6 marks total. The final section provides a blueprint of the question distribution.
This document discusses the polarity of molecules and molecular geometry. It introduces the concept of electronegativity and how it is used to determine if a bond is polar or nonpolar. It then describes the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, which is a model for predicting molecular geometry based on electron pairs around central atoms. The document provides steps for using VSEPR theory to determine the shape of a molecule from its Lewis structure. An example of using these concepts to analyze the polarity and geometry of CO2 is also provided.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 2 on the chemical level of organization, including:
1) It defines atoms as the basic units of matter and describes their structure, including protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic number, and electron shells.
2) It explains how atoms bond through ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds to form molecules and compounds. Water is held together by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds between molecules.
3) It introduces the three main types of chemical reactions - decomposition, synthesis, and exchange reactions - and notes that metabolism consists of all chemical reactions in the body.
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This document contains a chapter summary and multiple choice questions from Campbell's Biology, 9th Edition about water and its importance for life. Water has unique properties like hydrogen bonding that allow it to act as a solvent for biological molecules and processes. Its high heat capacity and ability to change state also help regulate temperatures. The questions assess understanding of water's polarity, hydrogen bonding, heat transfer properties, and role in acid-base chemistry.
Chapter 11 liquids and intermolecular forces PowerpointLina Liem
This document discusses intermolecular forces and properties of liquids. It begins by comparing the strengths of intermolecular forces between gases, liquids and solids. Stronger forces bring molecules closer together in liquids and solids. Properties like boiling point, melting point, viscosity and surface tension are affected by intermolecular forces. The document then discusses different types of intermolecular forces including dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, and ion-dipole forces. It provides examples of how these forces influence properties. The document concludes by discussing phase changes, heating curves, and supercritical fluids.
The document provides answers to questions about chemistry concepts including states of matter, atomic structure, bonding, and properties of materials.
Key points covered in the summary:
- Questions address topics like distinguishing between melting, freezing and sublimation, drawing Lewis structures, and explaining differences in boiling points.
- Descriptions of ionic and covalent bonding include examples of electron transfers between atoms to form ions and diagrams of Lewis structures.
- Explanations are given for variations in properties between materials based on their bonding type, including differences between graphite and diamond and the ability of metal crystals to deform.
The document contains 55 multiple choice practice questions covering a wide range of chemistry topics including laboratory safety, measurement, the periodic table, atomic structure, bonding, and nomenclature. The questions test understanding of fundamental concepts as well as ability to apply definitions, perform calculations, and analyze molecular structures and properties.
This document contains a chemistry worksheet with 17 activities about chemical bonds. The activities cover topics such as ion formation, Lewis structures, ionic compounds, molecular compounds, conductivity, valence electrons, and crystal structures. Students are tasked with identifying cations and anions, writing formulas, explaining differences in properties, and completing other exercises about chemical bonding concepts.
The document provides answers to questions about chemistry concepts including states of matter, atomic structure, bonding, and properties of materials. Key points covered include:
- The differences between melting, freezing, subliming, evaporation and boiling in terms of energy and molecular motion.
- Electronic configurations and diagrams for common elements and ions.
- How ionic and covalent bonding form between atoms via the transfer or sharing of electrons.
- How metallic bonding is formed by delocalized electrons forming a "sea" of electrons.
- How properties like boiling point relate to the types and strengths of bonds between particles in substances.
Science 9_Q2_Mod2_CHEMICAL BONDING PROPERTIES OF COMPOUNDS_VerFinal-2(1).docxJeanetteRios4
This document provides information about chemical bonding and properties of compounds. It discusses how ionic and covalent compounds can be identified based on their chemical formula and names. The key physical properties that distinguish ionic from covalent compounds are also presented, such as state of matter, melting point, hardness, conductivity. Examples of naturally occurring phenomena that utilize these properties, like snowflakes and voltaic cells, are given. The document aims to help students recognize different types of compounds based on their characteristic properties.
This document provides 17 practice problems about chemical concepts covered in Chapter 2 Part 2 of a Bio 110 textbook. The problems cover topics like the types of bonds in water molecules, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances, pH, why ice floats, molecular polarity, covalent bonding, Lewis structures, and electron configurations. Answers are provided at the bottom.
- Intramolecular forces are attractions between atoms within the same molecule, while intermolecular forces are attractions between different molecules.
- Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons, and can be polar or non-polar depending on differences in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Polar covalent bonds have partial charges while non-polar covalent bonds share electrons equally.
- The polarity of a molecule depends on differences in electronegativity between its bonded atoms, with larger differences resulting in more polar bonds and molecules. Water is an example of a polar molecule due to differences in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen.
The document contains an intermolecular forces worksheet with multiple choice questions about different types of intermolecular forces including London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and ion-dipole attractions. It also covers topics like phase changes, vapor pressure, boiling points, and phase diagrams. The questions test understanding of properties of substances based on their intermolecular forces and how varying temperature and pressure can change phases.
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1. NIVEL AÑOS INTERMEDIOS
2 Partial Exam
ACADEMIC YEAR 2015
SAINT ANDREW´S SCHOOL SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
Años Intermedios TEACHER: Sofía Paz
9TH GRADE: A B C D
NAME:______________________________________
DATE:____________________ SCORE Saber: /100 Hacer: /100
Decidir: /100
This Exam has sections
Section A: Knowledge (SABER)
Section B: Analysis (HACER)
Section C: Extended Answer Question (DECIDIR)
Section A: (Knowledge) Choose the letter of the BEST answer
1. One difference between Ionic Bond and
Covalent bond is
a)Ionic bond is when atoms share electrons
and Covalent bond is when atoms
transferee electrons
b)Ionic bond are formed between three
atoms and covalent bonds between 2
atoms
c) Ionic bond is when atoms transferee
electrons and Covalent bond is when atoms
share electrons
2. Which of the following properties of
water is a result of hydrogen bonding?
a) Cohesion
b) Ability to dissolve substances
c) Lower density of ice compared to
liquid water
d) All of the above
3. Water molecule is formed by hydrogen and
oxygen atoms. They form chemical bond.
Which of the following statement is
CORRECT for the bond formation?
a) The hydrogen atoms transfer one
electron to the oxygen atom.
b) The oxygen atoms transfer two electrons
to the hydrogen atoms.
c) The oxygen atom shares one pair of
electron with each of the
hydrogen atoms
4. If you dissolve sugar into water, sugar is the
______.
a) Ion
b) Solute
c) Solution
5. The partial negative charge at one end of
a water molecule is attracted to the partial
positive charge of another water molecule.
What is this attraction called?
a) Ionic bond
b) Hydrogen bond
c) Covalent bond
2. NIVEL AÑOS INTERMEDIOS
6. Water is transported in plant tissues
against gravity due to which of the following
properties?
a) Adhesion
b) Hydrogen bonding
c) Cohesion
d) Two of the above
e) All of the above
7. Many mammals control their body
temperature by sweating. Which property of
water is most directly responsible for the
ability of sweat to lower body temperature?
a) Water's higher density than ice
b) Water's ability to dissolve molecules
d) The absorption of heat by the breaking of
hydrogen bonds
8. The ionic bond of sodium chloride is
formed when
a) Chlorine gains an electron from sodium.
b) Sodium and chlorine share an electron
pair.
c) Sodium gains an electron from chlorine.
9. Which of the following is a reason why
water warms much more slowly than
metal?
a) Thermal energy doesn’t enter into the
metal
b) Water molecules repel heat
d) Part of the thermal energy is consumed
by braking the hydrogen bonds of water
e) It takes more heat to raise the
temperature of a given amount of metal 1o
C than it does to raise the temperature of
water 1o C.
10. Which of the following describes a
hydrogen bond?
a) The bond between hydrogen and oxygen
within a molecule of water
b) The bond between hydrogen in one
water molecule and another hydrogen in a
different water molecule
c) The bond between hydrogen in one
water molecule and oxygen in a different
water molecule
d) The bond between two hydrogen atoms
within a molecule of water
11. Which of the following statements about
water is false?
a) Water molecules are polar
b) It takes very little heat to change the
temperature of water
c) All living organisms contain water
d) Ice is less dense than liquid water
e) None; all these statements are true
12. Hydrogen bonding between water
molecules is directly responsible for the fact
that ice is less dense than water at 0 degree
C.
A) True
B) False
3. NIVEL AÑOS INTERMEDIOS
Section B:
Analysis
a) Draw an example of two atoms forming an Ionic bond and two atoms forming a
covalent nonpolar bond.
Give this information about each atom: Element, number of protons and number of
electrons.
Ionic Bond:
Atom 1: Atom2: Atom 1: Atom 2:
Covalent:
Atom 1: Atom2: Atom 1: Atom 2:
b) Describe the relation between each pater propertyand the hydrogen bonds filling
the table below.
Water´s property Relation with Hydrogen Bonds
4. NIVEL AÑOS INTERMEDIOS
Section C: Extended Answer Question:Application of Knowledge and Decisions
a) Explain the importance of water´s properties by giving an example of how each
one is vital for a living organism.
Criterios de Evaluación:
A) DOMINIO DEL TEMA
5-6 Explica de manera coherente cada una de las propiedades del agua y la
relaciona con la función específica de un organismo
3-4 Explica de manera coherente dos a tres de las propiedades del agua yla
relaciona con la función específica de un organismo
1-2 Explica de manera coherente una propiedad del agua relacionándola con la
función específica de un organismo
Aprobación: 3
A) Conclusión y evaluación
5-6 Explica de manera coherente y fundamentada la importancia vital de cada
propiedad del agua, a partir de los ejemplos planteados
3-4 Explica de manera coherente y fundamentada la importancia vital de dos o tres
propiedades del agua, a partir de los ejemplos planteados
1-2 Explica de manera coherente y fundamentada la importancia vital de una
propiedad del agua, a partir del ejemplo planteado
Aprobación: 3
5. NIVEL AÑOS INTERMEDIOS
b) Design an experiment. You have learned that attractions between water molecules
help move water through a plant. Design an experiment that would demonstrate that the
direction of this movement is from the roots to the leaves and not opposite
Criterios de Evaluación:
A) Conclusión y evaluación
5-6 Plantea un experimento coherente y verificable, especificando materiales y
método
3-4 Plantea un experimento coherente y verificable, especificando materiales y/o
método
1-2 Plantea un experimento coherente, especificando materiales y/o método
Aprobación (3)