This document provides information about sorghum, including its botanical classification, origin in Africa and Asia, uses as grain, fiber and fodder, and popular varieties. It discusses optimal land and climate for sorghum seed production. Topics covered include isolation distances, seed treatment, sowing, irrigation, harvesting, processing, certification standards, and storage requirements to ensure high quality sorghum seeds.

1. Sorghum
(Sorgum Bicolor)
Family-: Poaceae
Genous-: Sorghum
Species- bicolor
Presented By
1. Aditya Pratap Singh
2. Jatin Pal

2. Sorghum
• Botenical Name- Sorghum bicolor
• Family- Poaceae
• Genus- Sorghum
• Species- bicolor
• Chromosome no(2X) – 20
• Test Weight- 25-30 Gram
• Origin- Africa & Asia
• Inflorescence- Panicle, spike of spikelets
Sorghum is used as Grain, Fiber&Fodder.

3. Land Requirement
• Land selected for sorghum seed production
should have good drainage facility so as to
avoid water stagnation.
• Previous crop in land should not be of any
other variety of sorghum.
• Land should be used sandy loam & well
drainage soil.
Popular Varieties- CSV 33 MF(2016), CSV
32F(2015), CSV 31(2014), CSV 29R (2012),
TNS24, TNS25

4. Isolation Distance
• Sorghum is an often cross pollinated crop having 50%
cross pollinated , isolation distance should be maintained
so as to avoid varietal comtamination of seed.
• Isolation distance is th distance by which the seed crop is
seperated from any other variety of the same crop.
Contaminants Isolation Distance (in M) Isolation Distance (in M)
Foundation Seed Certified Seed
Other Varieties 200 100
Sudan Grass 400 400
Fodder Sorghum 400 400

5. Climate & Seed production
Climate- For good seed production , Dry and Cool weather
is more favourable than hot and humid weather during
panicle emergence and seed development stage.
Seed Sowing- For seed production , sowing may be done
during June-July and October-November seasons. Of these,
October, november is more conductive for quality seed
Production.

6. Seed Treatment & Seed Selection
• Seeds are soaked in 2% potassium dehydrogenase phosphate
solution for 10 hours and then back to origional moisture.
• One kg of seeds are to be soaked in 600 ml of leaf extract for
16 hours. Hardened seed will have the ability to withstand
drought during germination and plant growth.
Seed Selection-: For 1 ha of land 12-15 kg seed is required.
For certified seed production , Foundation seed should be
shown.
• Seed with low germination will also be less vigorous and
hence crop growth is very much reduced. Seed affected by
sugary disease should be removed.

7. seed sowing and Irrigation Management
• Seeds are sown with the spacing of 15 cm on one side of the
ridge and ridge of six meter length are farmed at 45 cm
distance.
Irrigation Distance-: According to the soil Condition,
irrigation is given once in 7 days or once in 10 days for
better seed production. The following are the
important stage in which drought should be avoided.
1. Panicle emergence stage
2. flowering stage
3. Seed maturation stage

8. Harvesting and seed processing
• sorghum crop should be harvested from 40-45 days after
flowering. At this stage moisture content will be arround 20-
22%, Seed weight, germination and vigour would also be
high.
Seed Yield- seed yield of 2000 kg/ha can be harvested .
If the seed moisture is below 15% then, seed injury may occur
cracking above 18% moisture then will be occurrence of
crushing injuries while threshing.
• Seed are dried in sunshine heat.
• Harvested seeds are to be dried to a moisture content of 10-12% .
• All immature, wrinkled, broken and small seeds and all physical
impurities are removed.

9. Seed Treatment and Storage Care
• Seed treat to use safe aand non poisonous chemicals like
Halogen mixture is recommonded for treating sorghum seeds @
3g/kg of seeds.
• halogen Mixture can be prepared by mixing bleaching
power(calcium Oxy-chloride) + calcium carbonate + agape powe
(Allbizzia amara) 5:4:1 Respectively.
• Always new bags have to be used for packing the seeds.
Moisture vapour type container like polythene (700 gauge
thickness) bags can be used.
• Seed moisture should be lowered below 8% and while staking,
number of bags per row should not exceed 8, otherwise seed in
the lower bags will deteriorate due to pressure .

10. Seed Certification
• Seed certification guarantees the quality of seed as it
ensure that the certified seed
• genetic, physical, physiological and seed health
qualities.
• It starts from verifying whether seeds were obtainrd
from authenticated source, verification of isolation
distance and inspection during plant growth, flowering,
harvesting, processing and bagging.
• Seed sample sent to seed testing lab to test physical
purity and germination.
• Then certification tag is issued, Colour of tag is Blue for
certified seeds.

11. Continues
• Seeds are certified by Certification Agency.
• Seed details nearer seed certification office may be contacted.
Field Standards
Factor Maximum Permitted(%) Maximum Permitted(%)
Foundation Certified
Off Types 0.050 0.10
Designated disease(Sugary
disease and smut)
0.050 0.10

12. Seed Standards
Factor Certified
Pure Seed (minimum) 98.0%
Inert Matter (Maximum) 2.0%
Other Crop seeds (Maximum) 10/Kg
Other Distinguishable Varieties (Maximum) 20/kg
Weeds Seeds (Maximum) 10/Kg
Diseased Seed (Maximum) 0.04% (by Number)
Germination (Minimum) 75%
Moisture (Maximum) -
For moisture pervious Containers 12%
For Vapour proof Containers 8%

13. Thank You
Presentation by
aditya Pratap singh
&
Jatin Pal