DEDA: An algorithm for early detection of topology attacks in the internet of...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is used in domestic, industrial as well as mission-critical systems including homes, transports, power plants, industrial manufacturing and health-care applications. Security of data generated by such systems and IoT systems itself is very critical in such applications. Early detection of any attack targeting IoT system is necessary to minimize the damage. This paper reviews security attack detection methods for IoT Infrastructure presented in the state-of-the-art. One of the major entry points for attacks in IoT system is topology exploitation. This paper proposes a distributed algorithm for early detection of such attacks with the help of predictive descriptor tables. This paper also presents feature selection from topology control packet fields. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using an extensive simulation carried out in OMNeT++. Performance parameter includes accuracy and time required for detection. Simulation results presented in this paper show that the proposed algorithm is effective in detecting attacks ahead in time.
This document discusses cryptography and security implementations for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It begins with an introduction to IoT and the need for security protocols as IoT devices collect and transmit large amounts of sensitive data. Challenges to IoT security include the diversity of devices which makes vulnerabilities complex, and limited computational resources. The document then explores using symmetric and public key cryptography algorithms as well as proposed lightweight cryptography solutions for IoT security. It concludes that while traditional security solutions are inadequate, lightweight cryptography protocols have the potential to help secure IoT communications and address current challenges if standardized for diverse IoT hardware.
IoT Device Hacking and New Direction of IoT Security Evaluation Using Common ...Seungjoo Kim
IoT Device Hacking and New Direction of IoT Security Evaluation Using Common Criteria @ ICCC 2019 (International Common Criteria Conference), which is a major conference for the community of experts involved in security evaluation
Io t security defense in depth charles li v1 20180425cCharles Li
The document discusses IoT security defense in depth. It notes that early IoT devices from the 1980s lacked many security measures that are now common, like network perimeter defense and endpoint protection. As IoT expands to include more devices, endpoints and attack surfaces, threats have become more aggressive and relentless. Effective IoT security requires an understanding of both IT and OT security practices. The document advocates a defense in depth approach with security controls at multiple layers, including the network, host, application, gateway, controllers and data/devices. Both technical and administrative measures are needed.
- Embedded systems now contain sensitive personal data and perform safety-critical functions in devices like mobile phones, cars, and medical equipment. Unless embedded system security is adequately addressed, it could impede adoption.
- There are many challenges to security in embedded systems and IoT devices, including vulnerabilities in hardware, software, and networks. Effective security requires building security in at all stages of the design process.
- Various attacks like physical intrusion, side channel attacks, software exploits, and denial of service attacks threaten embedded systems. Countering these threats requires mechanisms at different levels including prevention, detection, and recovery techniques applied in hardware, software, and networks.
This document provides an overview of IoT security. It begins with defining IoT and describing how physical objects are connected to the internet. It then discusses current IoT usage and forecasts significant future growth. The document outlines several IoT security risks and vulnerabilities, such as insecure interfaces, lack of encryption, and poor physical security. It recommends best practices for IoT security including implementing device and user authentication, access controls, encryption, and regular software updates. Overall the document introduces the topic of IoT security and some foundational aspects to address related risks.
IRJET- Internet of Things (IoT), and the Security Issues Surrounding it: ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses security issues surrounding the Internet of Things (IoT). It begins with an introduction to IoT, describing how everyday devices are becoming interconnected. It then discusses some key security challenges for IoT, including limitations of IoT hardware and software, network issues, and different types of attacks. The document analyzes the components of an IoT network and how they work together. It identifies specific security problems related to hardware limitations, software limitations, networks, and protocols. Finally, it outlines security requirements for IoT and concludes that further research is still needed to address open security challenges.
The document discusses vulnerabilities in IoT devices and provides examples of potential threats, including hacking a Jeep remotely and changing the target of a smart sniper rifle. It then summarizes challenges in securing IoT devices like limited resources, difficulty upgrading firmware, and lack of security software. Guidelines are provided for vendors, developers, and users to improve IoT security, such as using encryption, patching vulnerabilities, and educating users. Finally, the document demonstrates hacking a DTH set-top box by disturbing service, recording shows without permission, and stealing recordings.
DEDA: An algorithm for early detection of topology attacks in the internet of...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is used in domestic, industrial as well as mission-critical systems including homes, transports, power plants, industrial manufacturing and health-care applications. Security of data generated by such systems and IoT systems itself is very critical in such applications. Early detection of any attack targeting IoT system is necessary to minimize the damage. This paper reviews security attack detection methods for IoT Infrastructure presented in the state-of-the-art. One of the major entry points for attacks in IoT system is topology exploitation. This paper proposes a distributed algorithm for early detection of such attacks with the help of predictive descriptor tables. This paper also presents feature selection from topology control packet fields. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using an extensive simulation carried out in OMNeT++. Performance parameter includes accuracy and time required for detection. Simulation results presented in this paper show that the proposed algorithm is effective in detecting attacks ahead in time.
This document discusses cryptography and security implementations for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It begins with an introduction to IoT and the need for security protocols as IoT devices collect and transmit large amounts of sensitive data. Challenges to IoT security include the diversity of devices which makes vulnerabilities complex, and limited computational resources. The document then explores using symmetric and public key cryptography algorithms as well as proposed lightweight cryptography solutions for IoT security. It concludes that while traditional security solutions are inadequate, lightweight cryptography protocols have the potential to help secure IoT communications and address current challenges if standardized for diverse IoT hardware.
IoT Device Hacking and New Direction of IoT Security Evaluation Using Common ...Seungjoo Kim
IoT Device Hacking and New Direction of IoT Security Evaluation Using Common Criteria @ ICCC 2019 (International Common Criteria Conference), which is a major conference for the community of experts involved in security evaluation
Io t security defense in depth charles li v1 20180425cCharles Li
The document discusses IoT security defense in depth. It notes that early IoT devices from the 1980s lacked many security measures that are now common, like network perimeter defense and endpoint protection. As IoT expands to include more devices, endpoints and attack surfaces, threats have become more aggressive and relentless. Effective IoT security requires an understanding of both IT and OT security practices. The document advocates a defense in depth approach with security controls at multiple layers, including the network, host, application, gateway, controllers and data/devices. Both technical and administrative measures are needed.
- Embedded systems now contain sensitive personal data and perform safety-critical functions in devices like mobile phones, cars, and medical equipment. Unless embedded system security is adequately addressed, it could impede adoption.
- There are many challenges to security in embedded systems and IoT devices, including vulnerabilities in hardware, software, and networks. Effective security requires building security in at all stages of the design process.
- Various attacks like physical intrusion, side channel attacks, software exploits, and denial of service attacks threaten embedded systems. Countering these threats requires mechanisms at different levels including prevention, detection, and recovery techniques applied in hardware, software, and networks.
This document provides an overview of IoT security. It begins with defining IoT and describing how physical objects are connected to the internet. It then discusses current IoT usage and forecasts significant future growth. The document outlines several IoT security risks and vulnerabilities, such as insecure interfaces, lack of encryption, and poor physical security. It recommends best practices for IoT security including implementing device and user authentication, access controls, encryption, and regular software updates. Overall the document introduces the topic of IoT security and some foundational aspects to address related risks.
IRJET- Internet of Things (IoT), and the Security Issues Surrounding it: ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses security issues surrounding the Internet of Things (IoT). It begins with an introduction to IoT, describing how everyday devices are becoming interconnected. It then discusses some key security challenges for IoT, including limitations of IoT hardware and software, network issues, and different types of attacks. The document analyzes the components of an IoT network and how they work together. It identifies specific security problems related to hardware limitations, software limitations, networks, and protocols. Finally, it outlines security requirements for IoT and concludes that further research is still needed to address open security challenges.
The document discusses vulnerabilities in IoT devices and provides examples of potential threats, including hacking a Jeep remotely and changing the target of a smart sniper rifle. It then summarizes challenges in securing IoT devices like limited resources, difficulty upgrading firmware, and lack of security software. Guidelines are provided for vendors, developers, and users to improve IoT security, such as using encryption, patching vulnerabilities, and educating users. Finally, the document demonstrates hacking a DTH set-top box by disturbing service, recording shows without permission, and stealing recordings.
Security and Privacy Big Challenges in Internet of thingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses security and privacy challenges with Internet of Things (IoT) systems. It notes that IoT provides broad functionality but also raises important challenges regarding privacy and security. Some key issues discussed include insufficient authentication, lack of transport encryption, insecure interfaces, default credentials, lack of secure coding practices, and privacy concerns regarding personal data collection. The document recommends approaches to address these challenges, such as base device analysis, network traffic verification, secure code reviews, and end-to-end penetration testing.
Security Architecture for Small Branch and IoTBarcoding, Inc.
This document discusses the benefits of parallel networking and network segmentation for IoT devices. It describes how traditionally networks are monolithic with everything connected, but this poses security risks. The solution proposed is to use separate, dedicated networks for different systems like POS, customer WiFi, digital signage, HVAC etc. This physically segments the networks for increased security. The benefits are improved PCI compliance by reducing the scope of networks auditors need to assess, and eliminating opportunities for hackers to pivot from one network to another. It gives an example of how network segmentation could have prevented the Target data breach.
IoT security and privacy: main challenges and how ISOC-OTA address themRadouane Mrabet
Internet Society (ISOC) aims are:
make security an integrated function of connected objects and encourages IoT device and service providers for consumers to adopt the Online Trust Alliance (OTA) security and privacy principles ;
increase the consumer demand for security and privacy in the IoT devices they purchase;
create government policies and regulations that promote better security and privacy features in IoT devices.
A lightweight and_robust_secure_key_establishment_protocol_for_internet_of_me...SyedImranAliKazmi1
The proposed protocol establishes a secure key between IoT devices in a smart healthcare facility for COVID-19 patients. It uses a lightweight authentication and key agreement protocol using physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and cryptographic primitives. The protocol has three phases: user registration, device registration, and mutual authentication and key establishment. It aims to securely authenticate doctors/users and sensor devices, prevent attacks like man-in-the-middle and replay attacks, and establish a secret session key. The protocol analysis shows it provides security properties like authentication, confidentiality, integrity and anonymity with low computation and communication overhead suitable for IoT medical applications.
Development of wireless and intelligent home automation systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The Intelligent Home Automation System (IHAS) is usually a cell phone web-based application that enables end users in order to keep track of in addition to manage home/office appliance using their mobile system. The main objective of this system is developed to facilitate home users, especially domestic electrical appliances with simple controls. In addition, it can save the cost of electricity for lighting can be controlled to suit the user. Generally, most home appliances controlled from a distance using a remote control. Has created a system for controlling home lighting from a certain distance, which replaces the remote control using mobile smartphone. To make the smartphone to function as a remote control, an application was developed using Android technology. App Inventor software used for designing applications intended. Hardware microcontroller Arduino UNO R3 which is used to connect the smartphone to the electrical equipment. The system has been tested by developing a mini model and take into account the situation in the domestic home. The test is based on the level of control for wirelessly using Bluetooth and the distance between the lamp and the smartphone. The results of this test, the system can be used on equipment or other home appliances for the purpose of controlling or adjustment. In addition, the security system was also highlighted in a typical system, using the global system for mobile (GSM), it can be warned and notified to the consumer where there is a gas leak or the presence of a person in the vicinity of the residence.
This document provides an overview of IoT security. It begins with definitions of IoT and IoT security, explaining that IoT security aims to secure connected devices and objects from attackers. Key elements of IoT security include authentication, access control, data security, non-repudiation, and data availability. Common problems are device hijacking, insufficient testing/updates, botnet attacks, lack of user awareness, and default passwords. The document outlines solutions like strong passwords, timely firmware updates, and private networks. Common attacks are botnets, denial of service, man-in-the-middle, social engineering, and ransomware. It concludes by noting career opportunities in IoT security fields like healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation
The growth of IoT is occurring at an incredible rate, justly raising alarms about IoT security and IoT privacy issues as we become increasingly reliant on these intelligent, interconnected devices in our lives and businesses. How are we to protect billions of devices from attacks and intrusions that could compromise our personal privacy, public safety, or business viability? Building an IoT solution involves securing sensors, devices, networks, cloud platforms, web applications, and mobile applications for diverse industries. This presentation examines the landscape of emerging security challenges posed by connected devices and offers a catalog of security deployment patterns that have been successfully used by some of the worlds most well known OEMs to deploy connected product fleets.
This document discusses security considerations for M2M and IoT systems. It notes that security must be implemented holistically across the entire architecture, including at the device, communication, and application layers. PKI is recommended for authentication. The document outlines various threats and motivations for attackers. It then describes Eurotech's Everyware IoT security elements, which include X.509 certificate management, encrypted and authenticated messaging using MQTT, tenant segregation, secure access to interfaces and consoles, a secure execution environment on devices and platforms, and remote management using VPN. Auditing and penetration testing are also performed.
IRJET - Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities in IoTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes cyber security threats and vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses how the growth of interconnected devices in IoT introduces new cyber security risks. Various types of attacks that threaten IoT systems are described, such as device attacks, network attacks, and denial of service attacks. The document also examines specific vulnerabilities in IoT protocols, firmware, and applications that can enable these attacks. Finally, some potential countermeasures for improving IoT security are mentioned, like implementing secure boot processes, mutual authentication between devices, and end-to-end encryption of communications.
This document discusses security issues in Internet of Things (IoT). It begins with an introduction to IoT, explaining how IoT works and its key features such as connectivity, analytics, integration and artificial intelligence. It then discusses security layers in IoT, including perception, network, application and support layers. It outlines common security threats at each layer like eavesdropping, denial of service attacks, and malware. The document also covers IoT security challenges, advantages and disadvantages of IoT.
Embedded computing is everywhere. It is in our car engines, refrigerators, and even in the singing greeting cards we send. With improvements in wireless technology, these systems are starting to talk with each other, and they are appearing in places like our shoes and wrists to monitor our athletic activity or health. This emerging Internet of Everything (IoE) has tremendous potential to improve our lives. But like any powerful technology, it also has a dark side: it will observe and implement many of our actions. Security in the IoE is likely to be even more critical than general Internet security. After reviewing some of the challenges in creating a secure IoE, Horowitz will describe a new research program at Stanford to address this issue.
This document provides an introduction to IoT security. It discusses key components of IoT including sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, communication capabilities, and identification. The document outlines the ITU-T IoT reference model and describes security challenges at different levels including devices, fog networks, core networks, and data centers. It also discusses common IoT security issues such as unpredictable behavior, device similarity, problematic deployments, lack of upgrades, and lack of transparency. Finally, the document summarizes common IoT security tools including encryption, passwords, hardware security modules, two-factor authentication, and public key infrastructure certificates.
The document discusses the need for security standards for the Internet of Things (IoT) as physical spaces increasingly incorporate networked devices. It notes that as more daily tasks become automated through the IoT, physical security will inherit cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The IEEE P1912 working group aims to address this by establishing privacy and security architecture standards for consumer wireless devices. The document argues that standards are needed to ensure IoT applications, firmware and hardware are secure against threats from both malicious and unintentional insider actions as physical security increasingly relies on networked computing devices.
A survey on Internet of Things (IoT) security : Challenges and Current statusvivatechijri
When Internet of Things (IoT) applications become a part of people’s daily life, security issues in IoT have caught substantial attention in both academia and industry. Compared to traditional computing systems, IoT systems have more inherent vulnerabilities, and in the intervening time, could have higher security requirements. However, the current design of IoT does not successfully address the higher security requirements postured by those vulnerabilities. Many recent attacks on IoT systems have shown that novel security solutions are needed to defend this emerging system. This paper purposes to examine security challenges resulted from the special characteristics of the IoT systems and the new features of the IoT applications. This could help pave the road to better security solution design. Furthermore, three architectural security designs are suggested and analyzed. Examples of how to implement these designs are discussed. Finally, for each layer in IoT architecture, open issues are also identified.
With rapid growth of science and information technology, Internet of things (IoT) becomes as an integral part of daily life. The applications of IoT are expanded starting from connected cars, wearables, connected health, smart retail and healthcare. However, security issues are increasing with the increase of its use. Lack of compliances on the part of IoT manufacturers, lack of user knowledge and awareness, device update and management, lack of physical hardening and botnet attacks are considered as the major reasons for security issues in IoT based applications. In this aspect, it becomes important to analyze security issues involved with IoT and its impact on the users that has been performed in the present study
IRJET - Safety and Security Aspects of Smart Home Applications using Face...IRJET Journal
1. The document proposes a smart home security system using face recognition to automatically open doors for authorized users.
2. The system uses sensors like vibration, sound and IR sensors to detect unauthorized activity and intruders. It sends notifications to the home owner and police if intrusions are detected.
3. The system is implemented using an Arduino Mega microcontroller connected to sensors. It uses MQTT and Python to transmit sensor data and notifications. Face recognition is done using the Harr cascade algorithm to match faces to stored datasets.
Security for iot and cloud aug 25b 2017Ulf Mattsson
The document discusses security considerations for Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. It notes that by 2020, IoT security needs will account for 2% of total IoT project costs. Supply chain security will account for 15% of IoT security spending. The document also discusses how 95% of cloud security failures will be the customer's fault. It recommends using tools like cloud access security brokers and data-centric audit and protection strategies to help secure data in cloud environments.
IRJET- Smart Home Automation using IoT with Security FeaturesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on designing a smart home automation system using IoT with security features. The proposed system uses an Arduino board connected to various sensors and appliances via relays to allow remote control and monitoring via a mobile app and cloud server. Security features like motion detection, alarms, and cameras are included to monitor the home remotely. The system is designed to be low cost while providing flexibility and security in controlling devices within the home using WiFi and password protection.
IoT Security: Debunking the "We Aren't THAT Connected" MythSecurity Innovation
In a world where convenience is key, consumers are adopting every new connected device that hits the shelves - and doing so with the assumption that due diligence security has been considered. But recent IoT attacks suggest otherwise.
As organizations migrate from a primarily offline to online business model, they are failing to consider IoT’s unique threats which traditional solutions are unable to secure. As a result, steps must be taken to ensure that the device, connections and infrastructure are hardened, especially software which runs IoT devices and is the source of ~90% of attacks.
This webinar is ideal for risk, technology, and security professionals that want to understand why a hacker would want to attack their “harmless” IoT device and what the stealth risk to their organization and consumers is.
Topics covered include:
- IoT security – why it’s so different….and tough
- The IoT ecosystem and attack surface
- Managing liability - IoT risks to consumers and vendors
- Auditing IoT software development
Protecting IIoT Endpoints - an inside look at the Industrial Internet Securit...team-WIBU
An attack to an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system typically starts with an attack on one or more endpoints.
As defined by the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), an endpoint is a component that has an interface for network communication and it can be of various types, including a device endpoint or an endpoint that provides cloud connectivity.
Endpoints are the only place in an IIoT system where execution code is stored, started and updated and data is stored, modified or applied. In many cases, an attacker will, therefore, try to access the execution code and attack the weakest point in the devices’ security implementation, then modify or replace the execution code with malicious intent.
The IIC has recently presented an endpoint protection/security model and policy in its Industry Internet Security Framework (IISF) document. The technical report is an in-depth cross-industry-focused security framework reflecting thousands of hours of knowledge and experiences from security experts, collected, researched and evaluated for the benefit of all IIoT system deployments.
A Survey Report on : Security & Challenges in Internet of Thingsijsrd.com
In the era of computing technology, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are now popular in each and every domains like e-governance, e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking etc. Iot is spreading from small to large applications in all fields like Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Transportation. As on one side IoT provide facilities and services for the society. On the other hand, IoT security is also a crucial issues.IoT security is an area which totally concerned for giving security to connected devices and networks in the IoT .As, IoT is vast area with usability, performance, security, and reliability as a major challenges in it. The growth of the IoT is exponentially increases as driven by market pressures, which proportionally increases the security threats involved in IoT The relationship between the security and billions of devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. In this paper, we explore the opportunities possible in the IoT with security threats and challenges associated with it.
Io t security_review_blockchain_solutionsShyam Goyal
This document reviews security issues related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and potential blockchain solutions. It presents a survey of emerging topics in IoT security and blockchain technology. The document maps major IoT security issues to possible solutions and reviews how blockchain could help address challenging security problems in IoT. It also identifies open challenges for IoT security.
Security and Privacy Big Challenges in Internet of thingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses security and privacy challenges with Internet of Things (IoT) systems. It notes that IoT provides broad functionality but also raises important challenges regarding privacy and security. Some key issues discussed include insufficient authentication, lack of transport encryption, insecure interfaces, default credentials, lack of secure coding practices, and privacy concerns regarding personal data collection. The document recommends approaches to address these challenges, such as base device analysis, network traffic verification, secure code reviews, and end-to-end penetration testing.
Security Architecture for Small Branch and IoTBarcoding, Inc.
This document discusses the benefits of parallel networking and network segmentation for IoT devices. It describes how traditionally networks are monolithic with everything connected, but this poses security risks. The solution proposed is to use separate, dedicated networks for different systems like POS, customer WiFi, digital signage, HVAC etc. This physically segments the networks for increased security. The benefits are improved PCI compliance by reducing the scope of networks auditors need to assess, and eliminating opportunities for hackers to pivot from one network to another. It gives an example of how network segmentation could have prevented the Target data breach.
IoT security and privacy: main challenges and how ISOC-OTA address themRadouane Mrabet
Internet Society (ISOC) aims are:
make security an integrated function of connected objects and encourages IoT device and service providers for consumers to adopt the Online Trust Alliance (OTA) security and privacy principles ;
increase the consumer demand for security and privacy in the IoT devices they purchase;
create government policies and regulations that promote better security and privacy features in IoT devices.
A lightweight and_robust_secure_key_establishment_protocol_for_internet_of_me...SyedImranAliKazmi1
The proposed protocol establishes a secure key between IoT devices in a smart healthcare facility for COVID-19 patients. It uses a lightweight authentication and key agreement protocol using physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and cryptographic primitives. The protocol has three phases: user registration, device registration, and mutual authentication and key establishment. It aims to securely authenticate doctors/users and sensor devices, prevent attacks like man-in-the-middle and replay attacks, and establish a secret session key. The protocol analysis shows it provides security properties like authentication, confidentiality, integrity and anonymity with low computation and communication overhead suitable for IoT medical applications.
Development of wireless and intelligent home automation systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The Intelligent Home Automation System (IHAS) is usually a cell phone web-based application that enables end users in order to keep track of in addition to manage home/office appliance using their mobile system. The main objective of this system is developed to facilitate home users, especially domestic electrical appliances with simple controls. In addition, it can save the cost of electricity for lighting can be controlled to suit the user. Generally, most home appliances controlled from a distance using a remote control. Has created a system for controlling home lighting from a certain distance, which replaces the remote control using mobile smartphone. To make the smartphone to function as a remote control, an application was developed using Android technology. App Inventor software used for designing applications intended. Hardware microcontroller Arduino UNO R3 which is used to connect the smartphone to the electrical equipment. The system has been tested by developing a mini model and take into account the situation in the domestic home. The test is based on the level of control for wirelessly using Bluetooth and the distance between the lamp and the smartphone. The results of this test, the system can be used on equipment or other home appliances for the purpose of controlling or adjustment. In addition, the security system was also highlighted in a typical system, using the global system for mobile (GSM), it can be warned and notified to the consumer where there is a gas leak or the presence of a person in the vicinity of the residence.
This document provides an overview of IoT security. It begins with definitions of IoT and IoT security, explaining that IoT security aims to secure connected devices and objects from attackers. Key elements of IoT security include authentication, access control, data security, non-repudiation, and data availability. Common problems are device hijacking, insufficient testing/updates, botnet attacks, lack of user awareness, and default passwords. The document outlines solutions like strong passwords, timely firmware updates, and private networks. Common attacks are botnets, denial of service, man-in-the-middle, social engineering, and ransomware. It concludes by noting career opportunities in IoT security fields like healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation
The growth of IoT is occurring at an incredible rate, justly raising alarms about IoT security and IoT privacy issues as we become increasingly reliant on these intelligent, interconnected devices in our lives and businesses. How are we to protect billions of devices from attacks and intrusions that could compromise our personal privacy, public safety, or business viability? Building an IoT solution involves securing sensors, devices, networks, cloud platforms, web applications, and mobile applications for diverse industries. This presentation examines the landscape of emerging security challenges posed by connected devices and offers a catalog of security deployment patterns that have been successfully used by some of the worlds most well known OEMs to deploy connected product fleets.
This document discusses security considerations for M2M and IoT systems. It notes that security must be implemented holistically across the entire architecture, including at the device, communication, and application layers. PKI is recommended for authentication. The document outlines various threats and motivations for attackers. It then describes Eurotech's Everyware IoT security elements, which include X.509 certificate management, encrypted and authenticated messaging using MQTT, tenant segregation, secure access to interfaces and consoles, a secure execution environment on devices and platforms, and remote management using VPN. Auditing and penetration testing are also performed.
IRJET - Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities in IoTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes cyber security threats and vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses how the growth of interconnected devices in IoT introduces new cyber security risks. Various types of attacks that threaten IoT systems are described, such as device attacks, network attacks, and denial of service attacks. The document also examines specific vulnerabilities in IoT protocols, firmware, and applications that can enable these attacks. Finally, some potential countermeasures for improving IoT security are mentioned, like implementing secure boot processes, mutual authentication between devices, and end-to-end encryption of communications.
This document discusses security issues in Internet of Things (IoT). It begins with an introduction to IoT, explaining how IoT works and its key features such as connectivity, analytics, integration and artificial intelligence. It then discusses security layers in IoT, including perception, network, application and support layers. It outlines common security threats at each layer like eavesdropping, denial of service attacks, and malware. The document also covers IoT security challenges, advantages and disadvantages of IoT.
Embedded computing is everywhere. It is in our car engines, refrigerators, and even in the singing greeting cards we send. With improvements in wireless technology, these systems are starting to talk with each other, and they are appearing in places like our shoes and wrists to monitor our athletic activity or health. This emerging Internet of Everything (IoE) has tremendous potential to improve our lives. But like any powerful technology, it also has a dark side: it will observe and implement many of our actions. Security in the IoE is likely to be even more critical than general Internet security. After reviewing some of the challenges in creating a secure IoE, Horowitz will describe a new research program at Stanford to address this issue.
This document provides an introduction to IoT security. It discusses key components of IoT including sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, communication capabilities, and identification. The document outlines the ITU-T IoT reference model and describes security challenges at different levels including devices, fog networks, core networks, and data centers. It also discusses common IoT security issues such as unpredictable behavior, device similarity, problematic deployments, lack of upgrades, and lack of transparency. Finally, the document summarizes common IoT security tools including encryption, passwords, hardware security modules, two-factor authentication, and public key infrastructure certificates.
The document discusses the need for security standards for the Internet of Things (IoT) as physical spaces increasingly incorporate networked devices. It notes that as more daily tasks become automated through the IoT, physical security will inherit cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The IEEE P1912 working group aims to address this by establishing privacy and security architecture standards for consumer wireless devices. The document argues that standards are needed to ensure IoT applications, firmware and hardware are secure against threats from both malicious and unintentional insider actions as physical security increasingly relies on networked computing devices.
A survey on Internet of Things (IoT) security : Challenges and Current statusvivatechijri
When Internet of Things (IoT) applications become a part of people’s daily life, security issues in IoT have caught substantial attention in both academia and industry. Compared to traditional computing systems, IoT systems have more inherent vulnerabilities, and in the intervening time, could have higher security requirements. However, the current design of IoT does not successfully address the higher security requirements postured by those vulnerabilities. Many recent attacks on IoT systems have shown that novel security solutions are needed to defend this emerging system. This paper purposes to examine security challenges resulted from the special characteristics of the IoT systems and the new features of the IoT applications. This could help pave the road to better security solution design. Furthermore, three architectural security designs are suggested and analyzed. Examples of how to implement these designs are discussed. Finally, for each layer in IoT architecture, open issues are also identified.
With rapid growth of science and information technology, Internet of things (IoT) becomes as an integral part of daily life. The applications of IoT are expanded starting from connected cars, wearables, connected health, smart retail and healthcare. However, security issues are increasing with the increase of its use. Lack of compliances on the part of IoT manufacturers, lack of user knowledge and awareness, device update and management, lack of physical hardening and botnet attacks are considered as the major reasons for security issues in IoT based applications. In this aspect, it becomes important to analyze security issues involved with IoT and its impact on the users that has been performed in the present study
IRJET - Safety and Security Aspects of Smart Home Applications using Face...IRJET Journal
1. The document proposes a smart home security system using face recognition to automatically open doors for authorized users.
2. The system uses sensors like vibration, sound and IR sensors to detect unauthorized activity and intruders. It sends notifications to the home owner and police if intrusions are detected.
3. The system is implemented using an Arduino Mega microcontroller connected to sensors. It uses MQTT and Python to transmit sensor data and notifications. Face recognition is done using the Harr cascade algorithm to match faces to stored datasets.
Security for iot and cloud aug 25b 2017Ulf Mattsson
The document discusses security considerations for Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. It notes that by 2020, IoT security needs will account for 2% of total IoT project costs. Supply chain security will account for 15% of IoT security spending. The document also discusses how 95% of cloud security failures will be the customer's fault. It recommends using tools like cloud access security brokers and data-centric audit and protection strategies to help secure data in cloud environments.
IRJET- Smart Home Automation using IoT with Security FeaturesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on designing a smart home automation system using IoT with security features. The proposed system uses an Arduino board connected to various sensors and appliances via relays to allow remote control and monitoring via a mobile app and cloud server. Security features like motion detection, alarms, and cameras are included to monitor the home remotely. The system is designed to be low cost while providing flexibility and security in controlling devices within the home using WiFi and password protection.
IoT Security: Debunking the "We Aren't THAT Connected" MythSecurity Innovation
In a world where convenience is key, consumers are adopting every new connected device that hits the shelves - and doing so with the assumption that due diligence security has been considered. But recent IoT attacks suggest otherwise.
As organizations migrate from a primarily offline to online business model, they are failing to consider IoT’s unique threats which traditional solutions are unable to secure. As a result, steps must be taken to ensure that the device, connections and infrastructure are hardened, especially software which runs IoT devices and is the source of ~90% of attacks.
This webinar is ideal for risk, technology, and security professionals that want to understand why a hacker would want to attack their “harmless” IoT device and what the stealth risk to their organization and consumers is.
Topics covered include:
- IoT security – why it’s so different….and tough
- The IoT ecosystem and attack surface
- Managing liability - IoT risks to consumers and vendors
- Auditing IoT software development
Protecting IIoT Endpoints - an inside look at the Industrial Internet Securit...team-WIBU
An attack to an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system typically starts with an attack on one or more endpoints.
As defined by the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), an endpoint is a component that has an interface for network communication and it can be of various types, including a device endpoint or an endpoint that provides cloud connectivity.
Endpoints are the only place in an IIoT system where execution code is stored, started and updated and data is stored, modified or applied. In many cases, an attacker will, therefore, try to access the execution code and attack the weakest point in the devices’ security implementation, then modify or replace the execution code with malicious intent.
The IIC has recently presented an endpoint protection/security model and policy in its Industry Internet Security Framework (IISF) document. The technical report is an in-depth cross-industry-focused security framework reflecting thousands of hours of knowledge and experiences from security experts, collected, researched and evaluated for the benefit of all IIoT system deployments.
A Survey Report on : Security & Challenges in Internet of Thingsijsrd.com
In the era of computing technology, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are now popular in each and every domains like e-governance, e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking etc. Iot is spreading from small to large applications in all fields like Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Transportation. As on one side IoT provide facilities and services for the society. On the other hand, IoT security is also a crucial issues.IoT security is an area which totally concerned for giving security to connected devices and networks in the IoT .As, IoT is vast area with usability, performance, security, and reliability as a major challenges in it. The growth of the IoT is exponentially increases as driven by market pressures, which proportionally increases the security threats involved in IoT The relationship between the security and billions of devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. In this paper, we explore the opportunities possible in the IoT with security threats and challenges associated with it.
Io t security_review_blockchain_solutionsShyam Goyal
This document reviews security issues related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and potential blockchain solutions. It presents a survey of emerging topics in IoT security and blockchain technology. The document maps major IoT security issues to possible solutions and reviews how blockchain could help address challenging security problems in IoT. It also identifies open challenges for IoT security.
A Study on Device Oriented Security Challenges in Internet of Things (IoT)Eswar Publications
Internet of Things (IoT) basically discusses about the connection of various physical devices through a network
and let them take an active part by exchanging information through Internet. This paper presents important applications of IoT and the different challenges of IoT. Out of the various challenges, attacks on the devices used in IoT are of serious concern. Device oriented attacks and the defensive mechanisms are studied in this paper. A comparison is done for the specific malicious attacks on the M2M communicating devices.
A Survey on Security and Privacy Issues in Edge Computing-Assisted Internet o...DESMOND YUEN
Internet of Things (IoT) is an innovative paradigm
envisioned to provide massive applications that are now part of
our daily lives. Millions of smart devices are deployed within
complex networks to provide vibrant functionalities including
communications, monitoring, and controlling of critical infrastructures. However, this massive growth of IoT devices and the corresponding huge data traffic generated at the edge of the network created additional burdens on the state-of-the-art
centralized cloud computing paradigm due to the bandwidth and
resources scarcity. Hence, edge computing (EC) is emerging as
an innovative strategy that brings data processing and storage
near to the end users, leading to what is called EC-assisted IoT.
Although this paradigm provides unique features and enhanced
quality of service (QoS), it also introduces huge risks in data security and privacy aspects. This paper conducts a comprehensive survey on security and privacy issues in the context of EC-assisted IoT. In particular, we first present an overview of EC-assisted IoT including definitions, applications, architecture, advantages, and challenges. Second, we define security and privacy in the context of EC-assisted IoT. Then, we extensively discuss the major classifications of attacks in EC-assisted IoT and provide possible solutions and countermeasures along with the related research efforts. After that, we further classify some security and privacy issues as discussed in the literature based on security services and based on security objectives and functions. Finally, several open challenges and future research directions for secure EC-assisted IoT paradigm are also extensively provided.
This document contains a student assignment on the topic of "Security aspects in IoT". It includes the student's name, roll number, department, year of study, and subject name. It then covers various security aspects of IoT like access control, privacy, policy enforcement, and secure middleware. It discusses common security issues in IoT like unpatched vulnerabilities, weak authentication, and vulnerable APIs. Finally, it outlines some strategies for Internet of Things security management like notifying users about outdated devices, enforcing password management, and protecting command and control centers.
A STUDY ON SECURITY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN IoTDaniel Wachtel
This document discusses security issues and challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT). It provides an overview of IoT architecture, key technologies, and applications. It then discusses various security issues that exist in each layer of the IoT architecture. These include issues like node capture attacks, denial of service attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, and lack of data privacy and integrity. Finally, it reviews previous literature that has explored these security challenges and potential solutions.
This document summarizes security and privacy issues in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. It discusses how IoT systems have layers - the perception layer containing sensors, the gateway layer for communication, and the cloud layer providing user services. Each layer faces different security threats like denial of service attacks, session hijacking, and data breaches. The document also provides an example of the Mirai malware infecting IoT devices and using them to launch large-scale cyberattacks. To improve IoT security, the document recommends implementing authentication, authorization, encryption for confidentiality and integrity checks using hashing to protect against various attacks on IoT systems.
A Comprehensive Survey on Exiting Solution Approaches towards Security and Pr...IJECEIAES
‘Internet of Things (IoT)’emerged as an intelligent collaborative computation and communication between a set of objects capable of providing on-demand services to other objects anytime anywhere. A large-scale deployment of data-driven cloud applications as well as automated physical things such as embed electronics, software, sensors and network connectivity enables a joint ubiquitous and pervasive internet-based computing systems well capable of interacting with each other in an IoT. IoT, a well-known term and a growing trend in IT arena certainly bring a highly connected global network structure providing a lot of beneficial aspects to a user regarding business productivity, lifestyle improvement, government efficiency, etc. It also generates enormous heterogeneous and homogeneous data needed to be analyzed properly to get insight into valuable information. However, adoption of this new reality (i.e., IoT) by integrating it with the internet invites a certain challenges from security and privacy perspective. At present, a much effort has been put towards strengthening the security system in IoT still not yet found optimal solutions towards current security flaws. Therefore, the prime aim of this study is to investigate the qualitative aspects of the conventional security solution approaches in IoT. It also extracts some open research problems that could affect the future research track of IoT arena.
The document discusses cybersecurity challenges posed by the growing Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem and potential solutions. It addresses issues such as the lack of security protocols across diverse IoT devices, which can lead to data theft and infrastructure attacks. Other challenges involve limited device processing power, lack of software updates, and supply chain vulnerabilities. Solutions proposed include implementing encryption, device authentication, blockchain technology, AI for threat detection, privacy by design, and cooperation across industries to establish standards. Overall, the document emphasizes that all stakeholders must work together to develop comprehensive security solutions for IoT.
This document outlines a technical seminar presentation on the effect of new Internet of Things (IoT) features on security and privacy. It discusses various IoT features like interdependence, constrained resources, unattended operation, mobility, ubiquity, intimacy with devices, and the myriad of devices and data. It analyzes research on security threats in different IoT application scenarios and years. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of IoT, examples applications, and concludes by summarizing threats, challenges and opportunities of each discussed IoT feature.
The document discusses several cybersecurity challenges posed by the growing Internet of Things (IoT), including the large number of connected devices that can be vulnerable to attacks, lack of security updates for devices, and supply chain risks. It outlines solutions such as implementing strong authentication, encryption, blockchain technology, AI for threat detection, privacy by design, and supply chain transparency. Overall, the document emphasizes that securing the IoT will require cooperation across industry and government to establish security best practices and standards for IoT device manufacturers.
The document discusses internet of things (IoT) security. It begins by defining IoT and its security issues, including privacy, access control, policy enforcement, trust, mobile security, secure middleware, authentication and confidentiality. Examples of security breaches are provided. Recommendations for IoT security include designing for security, making devices more user-friendly, emphasizing technical knowledge, and re-evaluating business structures. Security principles like the Australian Privacy Principles and OWASP principles are covered. Predictions for the future of IoT security include more devices and DDoS attacks, the rise of smart cities, more use of artificial intelligence, more secure routers, use of software defined networking, and an end-to
A reliable next generation cyber security architecture for industrial interne...IJECEIAES
Architectural changes are happening in the modern industries due to the adaption and the deployment of „Internet of Things (IoT)‟ for monitoring and controlling various devices remotely from the external world. The most predominant place where the IoT technology makes the most sense is the industrial automation processes in smart industries (Industry 4.0). In this paper, a reliable „Next Generation Cyber Security Architecture (NCSA)‟ is presented for Industrial IoT (IIoT) environment that detects and thwarts cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities. It helps to automate the processes of exchanging real-time critical information between devices without any human intervention. It proposes an analytical framework that can be used to protect entities and network traffics involved in the IIoT wireless communication. It incorporates an automated cyber-defense authentication mechanism that detects and prevents security attacks when a network session has been established. The defense mechanism accomplishes the required level of security protection in the network by generating an identity token which is cryptographically encrypted and verified by a virtual gateway system. The proposed NCSA improves security in the IIoT environment and reduces operational management cost.
Malware threat analysis techniques and approaches for IoT applications: a reviewjournalBEEI
Internet of things (IoT) is a concept that has been widely used to improve business efficiency and customer’s experience. It involves resource constrained devices connecting to each other with a capability of sending data, and some with receiving data at the same time. The IoT environment enhances user experience by giving room to a large number of smart devices to connect and share information. However, with the sophistication of technology has resulted in IoT applications facing with malware threat. Therefore, it becomes highly imperative to give an understanding of existing state-of-the-art techniques developed to address malware threat in IoT applications. In this paper, we studied extensively the adoption of static, dynamic and hybrid malware analyses in proffering solution to the security problems plaguing different IoT applications. The success of the reviewed analysis techniques were observed through case studies from smart homes, smart factories, smart gadgets and IoT application protocols. This study gives a better understanding of the holistic approaches to malware threats in IoT applications and the way forward for strengthening the protection defense in IoT applications.
This document discusses challenges and techniques for securing Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. It begins with an introduction to IoT and outlines key challenges including privacy, security, scalability, and connectivity issues that arise from the large number of interconnected devices. The document then reviews literature on techniques for securing IoT, such as using network function virtualization (NFV) and information-centric networking (ICN). It describes several proposed secure IoT architectures in detail and compares different approaches. The document concludes by discussing future directions for securing IoT architecture.
Security Challenges in IoT Software Development and Possible Solutions.pdfJPLoft Solutions
However, this type of accessibility has security threats and issues. IoT devices are known to be vulnerable to security risks when they first connect to corporate networks, which may result in security breaches and expose a company's assets to cyberattacks. IoT security is essential for companies that want to reap the benefits of IoT software development and minimize security risks.
Secure Modern Healthcare System Based on Internet of Things and Secret Sharin...Eswar Publications
This document proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for healthcare and an authentication scheme to secure it. It first reviews existing literature on IoT and healthcare systems. It then presents the architecture of the proposed system, which has perception, network and application layers. Devices in the perception layer would collect health data from patients. The network layer would communicate this data to cloud servers via gateways. The application layer would manage devices, analyze data and share it with applications. The document proposes authenticating healthcare devices during access of patient data. It aims to enhance security in IoT-based healthcare through device authentication.
INTERNET OF THINGS A STUDY ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY THREATSMd .docxvrickens
INTERNET OF THINGS: A STUDY ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY THREATS
Md Husamuddin
Dept. of computer science
College of CS and IT, Al-Baha University
Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Dr. [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The current world is driven by new, developing technologies. This has resulted in a variety of smart devices in the society that has impacted positively on the lives of people in the community. However, the organization has been experiencing threats and cyberattacks that mostly targets the private information. Therefore, in this paper, my discussion is centered on the different applications of the internet of things as well as security threats that are involved.
Keywords: security, privacy.
INTRODUCTION
The Internet of things is the most significant of the future of the internet. IoT has a global network through which ant object can connect with the other devices that are also linked on the internet. These devices include computers, tabs, cell phones, among many others. Generally, the internet of things is a system made up of connected things. This machine contains a microchip that connects all the methods related to it. Microchips serve the function of tracking the surrounding of the network and to give the report in case of any findings pertaining to the internet. The meaning of PC wrongdoing and cloud wrongdoing will be come to out to the IoT wrongdoing, which talks to any malignant development that incorporates the IoT worldview as within the IoT contraptions, organizations, or correspondence channels can be a subject, thing, or gadget recognized with the infringement. To investigate these sorts of cases, it is required to execute computerized crime scene examination technique within the IoT to choose the substances around an event. The meaning of a capable and adjust IoT progressed lawful sciences method is still at its unimaginable intrigued (Husamuddin, 2015). The most significant part of IoT is that it makes it possible for different entities to be communicated and to be accessed via the internet. This is very economical as a result, attracts many devices to be connected to the internet (Balte &Patil,2015). Research shows that more than 40 billion devices in 2019 got connected, and a higher risk of this is expected in the current year.
SECURITY REQUIREMENTS
The rate at which technologies are emerging is so high, and this has lead to threats as well as a privacy issue. The smart devices arising from this technology will interact with other devices and transmit information in the network (Balte, &Patil,2015). If a computer gets infected, the effects ripples to other devices in the system; thus, the whole internet infrastructure would be at risk. As soon as an attack spot has been identified, it is feasible to enumerate the safety vulnerabilities and risk prone regions requiring defense-in-intensity protection. Such safety refers to a typically used approach to protect important data on company networks wherein security controls ...
Similar to Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks (20)
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/mydbopsofficial
Blogs: https://www.mydbops.com/blog/
Facebook(Meta): https://www.facebook.com/mydbops/
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024Vadym Kazulkin
Java is for many years one of the most popular programming languages, but it used to have hard times in the Serverless community. Java is known for its high cold start times and high memory footprint, comparing to other programming languages like Node.js and Python. In this talk I'll look at the general best practices and techniques we can use to decrease memory consumption, cold start times for Java Serverless development on AWS including GraalVM (Native Image) and AWS own offering SnapStart based on Firecracker microVM snapshot and restore and CRaC (Coordinated Restore at Checkpoint) runtime hooks. I'll also provide a lot of benchmarking on Lambda functions trying out various deployment package sizes, Lambda memory settings, Java compilation options and HTTP (a)synchronous clients and measure their impact on cold and warm start times.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 2 – CoE RolesDianaGray10
In this session, we will review the players involved in the CoE and how each role impacts opportunities.
Topics covered:
• What roles are essential?
• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
QA or the Highway - Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend appl...zjhamm304
These are the slides for the presentation, "Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend applications" that was presented at QA or the Highway 2024 in Columbus, OH by Zachary Hamm.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks
1. 1/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor
Stealthy Attacks
Junaid Farooq
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,
Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
{mjf514,qz494}@nyu.edu
Jul. 28, 2019
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
2. 2/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Outline
1 Introduction
Towards the IoT
IoT Architecture
Security Risks in IoT
2 Motivation
The Security Focus
Examples of Past Attacks
3 Threat Landscape
Knowns and Unknowns
Known Unknowns in IoT
4 Theoretical Modeling
5 Analysis
6 Results
7 Conclusion
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
3. 3/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
From IoC to IoT
We are moving from an “Internet of Computers” to an
“Internet of Things (IoT)”
Security of computers has become mature but security of
things is still in its infancy
IoT is much more vulnerable to attacks and malicious activity
than computers
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
4. 3/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
From IoC to IoT
We are moving from an “Internet of Computers” to an
“Internet of Things (IoT)”
Security of computers has become mature but security of
things is still in its infancy
IoT is much more vulnerable to attacks and malicious activity
than computers
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
5. 3/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
From IoC to IoT
We are moving from an “Internet of Computers” to an
“Internet of Things (IoT)”
Security of computers has become mature but security of
things is still in its infancy
IoT is much more vulnerable to attacks and malicious activity
than computers
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
6. 4/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Emerging paradigms
The IoT is revolutionizing the operation of electronic systems.
New paradigms are emerging such as smart homes, factories,
buildings, and cities.
It brings tremendous amount of convenience
Automated functionalities are not without risks
Figure 1: Smart home, smart factory, smart buildings, smart city
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
7. 4/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Emerging paradigms
The IoT is revolutionizing the operation of electronic systems.
New paradigms are emerging such as smart homes, factories,
buildings, and cities.
It brings tremendous amount of convenience
Automated functionalities are not without risks
Figure 1: Smart home, smart factory, smart buildings, smart city
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
8. 4/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Emerging paradigms
The IoT is revolutionizing the operation of electronic systems.
New paradigms are emerging such as smart homes, factories,
buildings, and cities.
It brings tremendous amount of convenience
Automated functionalities are not without risks
Figure 1: Smart home, smart factory, smart buildings, smart city
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
9. 4/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Emerging paradigms
The IoT is revolutionizing the operation of electronic systems.
New paradigms are emerging such as smart homes, factories,
buildings, and cities.
It brings tremendous amount of convenience
Automated functionalities are not without risks
Figure 1: Smart home, smart factory, smart buildings, smart city
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
10. 5/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
IoT System Architecture
The IoT ecosystem consists of the following components:
Endpoint Devices (Sensors/ Actuators)
Wireless Access Points (Hubs/ Routers/ Gateways)
Cloud Computing Systems
User Devices (Smart Phones/ Smart Watches/ Voice
Assistants)
Figure 2: IoT technology stack.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
11. 5/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
IoT System Architecture
The IoT ecosystem consists of the following components:
Endpoint Devices (Sensors/ Actuators)
Wireless Access Points (Hubs/ Routers/ Gateways)
Cloud Computing Systems
User Devices (Smart Phones/ Smart Watches/ Voice
Assistants)
Figure 2: IoT technology stack.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
12. 5/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
IoT System Architecture
The IoT ecosystem consists of the following components:
Endpoint Devices (Sensors/ Actuators)
Wireless Access Points (Hubs/ Routers/ Gateways)
Cloud Computing Systems
User Devices (Smart Phones/ Smart Watches/ Voice
Assistants)
Figure 2: IoT technology stack.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
13. 5/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
IoT System Architecture
The IoT ecosystem consists of the following components:
Endpoint Devices (Sensors/ Actuators)
Wireless Access Points (Hubs/ Routers/ Gateways)
Cloud Computing Systems
User Devices (Smart Phones/ Smart Watches/ Voice
Assistants)
Figure 2: IoT technology stack.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
14. 6/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Cyber-Physical Footprint of IoT
Digital voice assistants are becoming increasingly powerful
and capable
Interaction with critical infrastructure systems
Figure 3: Digital voice assistants for IoT.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
15. 6/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Cyber-Physical Footprint of IoT
Digital voice assistants are becoming increasingly powerful
and capable
Interaction with critical infrastructure systems
Figure 3: Digital voice assistants for IoT.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
16. 7/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Security Risks in IoT
Main factors leading to vulnerabilities are as follows:
low cost devices and little emphasis on security
Rapid product development cycle ignoring security aspects
Device inter-operability opens doors for malicious activity
Less regulated ecosystem - off the shelf hardware can be
programmed to interact with critical systems such as HVACs,
Fire safety systems, electronic door locks, etc.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
17. 7/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Security Risks in IoT
Main factors leading to vulnerabilities are as follows:
low cost devices and little emphasis on security
Rapid product development cycle ignoring security aspects
Device inter-operability opens doors for malicious activity
Less regulated ecosystem - off the shelf hardware can be
programmed to interact with critical systems such as HVACs,
Fire safety systems, electronic door locks, etc.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
18. 7/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Security Risks in IoT
Main factors leading to vulnerabilities are as follows:
low cost devices and little emphasis on security
Rapid product development cycle ignoring security aspects
Device inter-operability opens doors for malicious activity
Less regulated ecosystem - off the shelf hardware can be
programmed to interact with critical systems such as HVACs,
Fire safety systems, electronic door locks, etc.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
19. 7/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Introduction
Security Risks in IoT
Main factors leading to vulnerabilities are as follows:
low cost devices and little emphasis on security
Rapid product development cycle ignoring security aspects
Device inter-operability opens doors for malicious activity
Less regulated ecosystem - off the shelf hardware can be
programmed to interact with critical systems such as HVACs,
Fire safety systems, electronic door locks, etc.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
20. 8/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Security Focus: Objective
Knowing the tremendous vulnerabilities in the IoT, the key
objective is to:
Protect IoT systems and networks from malicious attacks
Embed security features into the design and operation of
networks
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
21. 9/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Security Focus: What Can Go Wrong?
What is the underlying threat model?
What is the security strategy?
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
22. 9/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Security Focus: What Can Go Wrong?
What is the underlying threat model?
What is the security strategy?
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
23. 10/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Security Focus: Potential Consequences
Unlike luggage, IoT systems are not passive.They are mission
oriented systems interacting with other devices to achieve certain
functionalities.
Example consequences are as follows:
A simultaneous change in temperature control by large
number of thermostats may lead to a massive surge in power
requirements leading to grid breakdown
A coordinated false alarm from smoke detectors may trigger
simultaneous firetruck requests sabotaging emergency
response systems.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
24. 10/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Security Focus: Potential Consequences
Unlike luggage, IoT systems are not passive.They are mission
oriented systems interacting with other devices to achieve certain
functionalities.
Example consequences are as follows:
A simultaneous change in temperature control by large
number of thermostats may lead to a massive surge in power
requirements leading to grid breakdown
A coordinated false alarm from smoke detectors may trigger
simultaneous firetruck requests sabotaging emergency
response systems.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
25. 11/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Examples of Past Attacks - Mirai
The Mirai is an example of a botnet that caused a disruption
in the Internet in 2016 - largest of its kind in history
Several websites such as Twitter, Netflix, CNN, and Guardian
were affected
It exploited default login and password information of IoT
devices such as home appliances, DVRs, CC cameras to
generate superfluous traffic resulting in a large scale DDoS
attack
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
26. 11/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Examples of Past Attacks - Mirai
The Mirai is an example of a botnet that caused a disruption
in the Internet in 2016 - largest of its kind in history
Several websites such as Twitter, Netflix, CNN, and Guardian
were affected
It exploited default login and password information of IoT
devices such as home appliances, DVRs, CC cameras to
generate superfluous traffic resulting in a large scale DDoS
attack
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
27. 11/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Examples of Past Attacks - Mirai
The Mirai is an example of a botnet that caused a disruption
in the Internet in 2016 - largest of its kind in history
Several websites such as Twitter, Netflix, CNN, and Guardian
were affected
It exploited default login and password information of IoT
devices such as home appliances, DVRs, CC cameras to
generate superfluous traffic resulting in a large scale DDoS
attack
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
28. 12/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Examples of Past Attacks - Ransomware
In 2017, a hotel in Austria was attacked by malware that
locked the electronic door locks on its rooms
Attacker demanded ransom to open doors to customers
Physical denial of service due to IoT
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
29. 12/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Examples of Past Attacks - Ransomware
In 2017, a hotel in Austria was attacked by malware that
locked the electronic door locks on its rooms
Attacker demanded ransom to open doors to customers
Physical denial of service due to IoT
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
30. 12/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Examples of Past Attacks - Ransomware
In 2017, a hotel in Austria was attacked by malware that
locked the electronic door locks on its rooms
Attacker demanded ransom to open doors to customers
Physical denial of service due to IoT
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
31. 13/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Cyber-Physical Attacks in IoT: Knowns and Unknowns
Figure 4: Source: Cyber Attacks: The Knowns & Unknowns SE Edition.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
32. 14/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Known Unknowns in IoT?
New forms of attacks are emerging such as Advanced
Persistent Threats (APTs) - stealthy, prolonged, and targeted
cyberattacks
Backdoor channels may allow supply chain actors to attack
the system
There are reports that IoTroop and Reaper are two
Mirai-variant botnets1 that are stealthily propagating using
IoT device vulnerabilities.
How do we tackle the known unknowns?
Do not leave the devices/network unattended
1
P. Moriuchi and S. Chohan, “Mirai-variant IoT botnet used to target
financial sector in January 2018,” Insikt Group, Apr. 2018.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
33. 14/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Known Unknowns in IoT?
New forms of attacks are emerging such as Advanced
Persistent Threats (APTs) - stealthy, prolonged, and targeted
cyberattacks
Backdoor channels may allow supply chain actors to attack
the system
There are reports that IoTroop and Reaper are two
Mirai-variant botnets1 that are stealthily propagating using
IoT device vulnerabilities.
How do we tackle the known unknowns?
Do not leave the devices/network unattended
1
P. Moriuchi and S. Chohan, “Mirai-variant IoT botnet used to target
financial sector in January 2018,” Insikt Group, Apr. 2018.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
34. 14/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Known Unknowns in IoT?
New forms of attacks are emerging such as Advanced
Persistent Threats (APTs) - stealthy, prolonged, and targeted
cyberattacks
Backdoor channels may allow supply chain actors to attack
the system
There are reports that IoTroop and Reaper are two
Mirai-variant botnets1 that are stealthily propagating using
IoT device vulnerabilities.
How do we tackle the known unknowns?
Do not leave the devices/network unattended
1
P. Moriuchi and S. Chohan, “Mirai-variant IoT botnet used to target
financial sector in January 2018,” Insikt Group, Apr. 2018.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
35. 14/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Known Unknowns in IoT?
New forms of attacks are emerging such as Advanced
Persistent Threats (APTs) - stealthy, prolonged, and targeted
cyberattacks
Backdoor channels may allow supply chain actors to attack
the system
There are reports that IoTroop and Reaper are two
Mirai-variant botnets1 that are stealthily propagating using
IoT device vulnerabilities.
How do we tackle the known unknowns?
Do not leave the devices/network unattended
1
P. Moriuchi and S. Chohan, “Mirai-variant IoT botnet used to target
financial sector in January 2018,” Insikt Group, Apr. 2018.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
36. 14/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
The Known Unknowns in IoT?
New forms of attacks are emerging such as Advanced
Persistent Threats (APTs) - stealthy, prolonged, and targeted
cyberattacks
Backdoor channels may allow supply chain actors to attack
the system
There are reports that IoTroop and Reaper are two
Mirai-variant botnets1 that are stealthily propagating using
IoT device vulnerabilities.
How do we tackle the known unknowns?
Do not leave the devices/network unattended
1
P. Moriuchi and S. Chohan, “Mirai-variant IoT botnet used to target
financial sector in January 2018,” Insikt Group, Apr. 2018.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
37. 15/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Mitigation Approach
How can we mitigate the risk of stealthy botnet attacks?
We can use the “do not leave unattended” philosophy to
check on the devices
One way is to patch devices periodically to ensure that it is
not in a compromised state
How often the devices should be patched?
Even though the attacker may be able to compromise a
portion of the network, it will not be able to intrude and cause
a large scale coordinated attack.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
38. 15/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Mitigation Approach
How can we mitigate the risk of stealthy botnet attacks?
We can use the “do not leave unattended” philosophy to
check on the devices
One way is to patch devices periodically to ensure that it is
not in a compromised state
How often the devices should be patched?
Even though the attacker may be able to compromise a
portion of the network, it will not be able to intrude and cause
a large scale coordinated attack.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
39. 15/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Mitigation Approach
How can we mitigate the risk of stealthy botnet attacks?
We can use the “do not leave unattended” philosophy to
check on the devices
One way is to patch devices periodically to ensure that it is
not in a compromised state
How often the devices should be patched?
Even though the attacker may be able to compromise a
portion of the network, it will not be able to intrude and cause
a large scale coordinated attack.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
40. 15/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Motivation
Mitigation Approach
How can we mitigate the risk of stealthy botnet attacks?
We can use the “do not leave unattended” philosophy to
check on the devices
One way is to patch devices periodically to ensure that it is
not in a compromised state
How often the devices should be patched?
Even though the attacker may be able to compromise a
portion of the network, it will not be able to intrude and cause
a large scale coordinated attack.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
41. 16/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Network Abstraction
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device i
IoT Device
Malware Process
Regular Process
IoT Device
IoT Devicer
Consider wireless IoT devices uniformly distributed in R2
according to a homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP)
with intensity λ ∈ N
Each device has computing capabilities and a wireless
interface for communication
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
42. 16/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Network Abstraction
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device
IoT Device i
IoT Device
Malware Process
Regular Process
IoT Device
IoT Devicer
Consider wireless IoT devices uniformly distributed in R2
according to a homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP)
with intensity λ ∈ N
Each device has computing capabilities and a wireless
interface for communication
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
43. 17/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Network Abstraction (Cont’d)
The devices are assumed to have omni-directional
transmissions with a communication range of r m.
A typical device located at xi is connected wirelessly with
K = |Ni | other devices, where Ni = {j : xi − xj ≤ r, ∀j = i}
and |.| denotes the cardinality operator.
Since the devices in the network are distributed according to a
PPP, the degree K is a random variable with
P[K = k] = πk = e−λπr2
(λπr2)k
k! . Furthermore, the average
degree of a typical device is E[K] = λπr2
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
44. 17/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Network Abstraction (Cont’d)
The devices are assumed to have omni-directional
transmissions with a communication range of r m.
A typical device located at xi is connected wirelessly with
K = |Ni | other devices, where Ni = {j : xi − xj ≤ r, ∀j = i}
and |.| denotes the cardinality operator.
Since the devices in the network are distributed according to a
PPP, the degree K is a random variable with
P[K = k] = πk = e−λπr2
(λπr2)k
k! . Furthermore, the average
degree of a typical device is E[K] = λπr2
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
45. 17/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Network Abstraction (Cont’d)
The devices are assumed to have omni-directional
transmissions with a communication range of r m.
A typical device located at xi is connected wirelessly with
K = |Ni | other devices, where Ni = {j : xi − xj ≤ r, ∀j = i}
and |.| denotes the cardinality operator.
Since the devices in the network are distributed according to a
PPP, the degree K is a random variable with
P[K = k] = πk = e−λπr2
(λπr2)k
k! . Furthermore, the average
degree of a typical device is E[K] = λπr2
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
46. 18/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Model Validation
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Device degree, k
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
ProbabilityDensity
Communication Range = 140 m
Link NYC Data
Poisson degree
Figure 5: Analyzing potential connectivity of WiFi hotspots in NYC.
We use location data of WiFi access points in New York City,
referred to as LinkNYC
652 hotspots located in Midtown Manhattan and surrounding
neighborhoods are used in analysis
A communication range of 140 m for each hotspot is used
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
47. 19/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Threat Model
We assume that a botmaster possesses powerful capabilities
to exploit loopholes in vulnerable wireless IoT devices to
infiltrate them and install malicious software process on them.
We assume that a proportion p ∈ [0, 1] of the network is
vulnerable to being compromised or infiltrated by the malware
if the malware has been successfully transmitted over the
wireless interface.
The bots use a fraction of the communication resources of the
host device to infiltrate nearby devices and to share control
commands.
γb ≥ 0 - malware spreading rate
γc ≥ 0 - control command propagation rate
Patching removes malware as well as control commands on
the device
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
48. 19/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Threat Model
We assume that a botmaster possesses powerful capabilities
to exploit loopholes in vulnerable wireless IoT devices to
infiltrate them and install malicious software process on them.
We assume that a proportion p ∈ [0, 1] of the network is
vulnerable to being compromised or infiltrated by the malware
if the malware has been successfully transmitted over the
wireless interface.
The bots use a fraction of the communication resources of the
host device to infiltrate nearby devices and to share control
commands.
γb ≥ 0 - malware spreading rate
γc ≥ 0 - control command propagation rate
Patching removes malware as well as control commands on
the device
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
49. 19/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Threat Model
We assume that a botmaster possesses powerful capabilities
to exploit loopholes in vulnerable wireless IoT devices to
infiltrate them and install malicious software process on them.
We assume that a proportion p ∈ [0, 1] of the network is
vulnerable to being compromised or infiltrated by the malware
if the malware has been successfully transmitted over the
wireless interface.
The bots use a fraction of the communication resources of the
host device to infiltrate nearby devices and to share control
commands.
γb ≥ 0 - malware spreading rate
γc ≥ 0 - control command propagation rate
Patching removes malware as well as control commands on
the device
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
50. 19/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
System Model
Threat Model
We assume that a botmaster possesses powerful capabilities
to exploit loopholes in vulnerable wireless IoT devices to
infiltrate them and install malicious software process on them.
We assume that a proportion p ∈ [0, 1] of the network is
vulnerable to being compromised or infiltrated by the malware
if the malware has been successfully transmitted over the
wireless interface.
The bots use a fraction of the communication resources of the
host device to infiltrate nearby devices and to share control
commands.
γb ≥ 0 - malware spreading rate
γc ≥ 0 - control command propagation rate
Patching removes malware as well as control commands on
the device
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
51. 20/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Malware & Information Evolution
State-Space Representation
An epidemic-inspired model is used to study malware propagation.
B BI BI
~ ~
µk
µk
kσ1
kσ2
k kk
Figure 6: State evolution diagram for a typical device.
The possible system states of the population of degree k devices are:
˜Bk - the proportion of degree k devices in the network that are
un-compromised.
B˜Ik - the proportion of degree k devices in the network that are
bots but uninformed about control commands.
BIk - the proportion of degree k devices in the network that are
bots and are also informed with control commands.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
52. 21/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Malware & Information Evolution
State-Space Dynamics
The state evolution can be described by the following dynamical system
of equations:
d ˜Bk (t)
dt
= µk (B˜Ik (t) + BIk (t)) − kσ1
˜Bk (t),
= µk (1 − ˜Bk (t)) − kσ1
˜Bk (t), (1)
dB˜Ik (t)
dt
= −(µk + kσ2)B˜Ik (t)+ kσ1
˜Bk (t) + βBIk (t), (2)
dBIk (t)
dt
= −(µk + β)BIk (t) + kσ2B˜Ik (t). (3)
Since ˜Bk (t) + B˜Ik (t) + BIk (t) = 1, ∀t ≥ 0, it results in:
d ˜Bk (t)
dt
= µk − (µk + kσ1) ˜Bk (t), (4)
dBIk (t)
dt
= kσ2 − (µk + β + kσ2)BIk (t) − kσ2
˜Bk (t). (5)
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
53. 22/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Malware & Information Evolution
Analysis of Equilibrium States
Therefore, the equilibrium population of degree k un-compromised
devices, ˜B∗
k and of informed bot devices, BI∗
k can be expressed as
follows:
˜B∗
k (µk) =
µk
µk + kσ1(θ∗
˜B
)
, (6)
BI∗
k (µk) =
k2σ1(θ∗
˜B
)σ2(θ∗
BI )
(µk + kσ1(θ∗
˜B
))(β + µk + kσ2(θ∗
BI ))
, (7)
θ ˜B =
k
k P(k )
E[K]
˜Bk (t), (8)
θBI =
k
k P(k )
E[K]
BIk (t). (9)
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
54. 23/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Malware & Information Evolution
Analysis of Equilibrium States
Lemma
In a PPP distributed wireless network with D2D communication,
the probability of a particular link of a degree k device pointing to
an un-compromised and to an informed bot device respectively at
equilibrium can be approximately expressed as follows:
θ∗
˜B
≈ min
µk
ργbpE[K]
, 1 , (10)
θ∗
BI ≈ max 1 −
µkγc + ργb(β + µk)
E[K]ρpγbγc
, 0 . (11)
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
55. 24/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Key Results
Fundamental Limits
Corollary
For a PPP deployed wireless IoT network being infiltrated by a
botnet with malware spreading at a rate γb and control commands
propagating at a rate γc, the upper bound on the required
patching rate for a device to have an impact on the equilibrium
populations is given by
µk ≤ ργbpE[K], ∀k ≥ 1, (12)
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
56. 25/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Malware & Information Evolution
Analysis of Equilibrium States
Theorem
At equilibrium, the proportion of degree k devices in the network
that are un-compromised, i.e., ˜B∗
k and those that are bots and
informed by control commands, i.e., BI∗
k can be approximately
expressed as
˜B
∗
k (µk ) ≈
µk
µk + kργbp
1 + 1
η
ln
e−η + e
−η
µk
ργbpE[K]
, (13)
BI
∗
k (µk ) ≈
k2
ρ2
γbγc p
1 + 1
η
ln
e−η
+ e
−η
µk
ργbpE[K]
µk + kργbp
1 + 1
η
ln
e−η + e
−η
µk
ργbpE[K]
×
1
η
ln
1 + e
η 1−
µk γc +ργb(β+µk )
E[K]ρpγbγc
β + µk + kργc + 1
η
ln
1 + e
η 1−
µk γc +ργb(β+µk )
E[K]ρpγbγc
. (14)
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
57. 26/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Network Defense Problem
The cost incurred on the operation of a network device due to
patching activity is assumed to be a smooth, convex, and
increasing function of the patching rate µk, represented by
φk : R+ → R+, ∀k ≥ 1.
The network defender’s problem can then be formulated as
follows:
minimize
µk ,k≥1
∞
k=1
φk(µk)πk, (15)
subject to
∞
k=1
˜B∗
k (µk)πk ≥ τ ˜B, (16)
∞
k=1
BI∗
k (µk)πk ≤ τBI . (17)
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
60. 29/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Results
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
τ ˜B = 0.7
State ˜B State B ˜I State BI
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
τ ˜B = 0.8
State ˜B State B ˜I State BI
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
τ ˜B = 0.9
State ˜B State B ˜I State BI
Figure 9: Proportion of un-compromised devices in a PPP network.
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
time, t ×104
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Proportionofun-compromiseddevices,˜B(t)
τBI
= 0.2, γb
= 0.001, γc
= 0.01
τ ˜B = 0.9
τ ˜B = 0.8
τ ˜B = 0.9
Figure 10: Time evolution of the proportion of un-compromised devices in
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
61. 30/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Results
Analyzing equilibrium malware propagation for LinkNYC
Figure 11: Snapshot of network states at equilibrium in the LinkNYC
network.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
62. 31/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Results
Analyzing time evolution of malware propagation for LinkNYC
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, t ×104
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Proportionofun-compromiseddevices,˜B(t)
τBI
= 0.2, γb
= 0.001, γc
= 0.01
τ ˜B = 0.9
τ ˜B = 0.8
τ ˜B = 0.7
Figure 12: Time evolution of the proportion of un-compromised devices in
the LinkNYC network.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
63. 32/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Conclusion
Summary
An overview of security challenges in IoT was provided
Past attacks and emerging threats were discussed
A theoretical standpoint on countering stealthy botnet
propagation is presented
Optimal patching policies are developed to minimize the
threat of botnet formation
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
64. 32/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Conclusion
Summary
An overview of security challenges in IoT was provided
Past attacks and emerging threats were discussed
A theoretical standpoint on countering stealthy botnet
propagation is presented
Optimal patching policies are developed to minimize the
threat of botnet formation
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
65. 32/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Conclusion
Summary
An overview of security challenges in IoT was provided
Past attacks and emerging threats were discussed
A theoretical standpoint on countering stealthy botnet
propagation is presented
Optimal patching policies are developed to minimize the
threat of botnet formation
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
66. 32/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Conclusion
Summary
An overview of security challenges in IoT was provided
Past attacks and emerging threats were discussed
A theoretical standpoint on countering stealthy botnet
propagation is presented
Optimal patching policies are developed to minimize the
threat of botnet formation
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
67. 33/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Conclusion
Key Takeaways
Security concerns are going to be further amplified as the IoT
ecosystem grows
Novel security mechanisms are required to tackle the known
unknowns
A holistic approach is needed to understand risks (By having a
global view instead of local security of individual devices)
Next Step: Cyber-Physical Resilience - Countering Unknown
Unknowns
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
68. 33/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Conclusion
Key Takeaways
Security concerns are going to be further amplified as the IoT
ecosystem grows
Novel security mechanisms are required to tackle the known
unknowns
A holistic approach is needed to understand risks (By having a
global view instead of local security of individual devices)
Next Step: Cyber-Physical Resilience - Countering Unknown
Unknowns
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
69. 33/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Conclusion
Key Takeaways
Security concerns are going to be further amplified as the IoT
ecosystem grows
Novel security mechanisms are required to tackle the known
unknowns
A holistic approach is needed to understand risks (By having a
global view instead of local security of individual devices)
Next Step: Cyber-Physical Resilience - Countering Unknown
Unknowns
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
70. 33/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Conclusion
Key Takeaways
Security concerns are going to be further amplified as the IoT
ecosystem grows
Novel security mechanisms are required to tackle the known
unknowns
A holistic approach is needed to understand risks (By having a
global view instead of local security of individual devices)
Next Step: Cyber-Physical Resilience - Countering Unknown
Unknowns
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq
71. 34/34
Introduction Motivation Threat Landscape Theoretical Modeling Analysis Results Conclusion
Thank You!
Questions?
Contact:
Junaid Farooq (junaid.farooq@nyu.edu)
370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201. NYU Center for Cyber
Security.
M. J. Farooq and Q. Zhu, ”Modeling, Analysis, and Mitigation of Dynamic Botnet Formation in Wireless
IoT Networks,” in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 2412-2426,
Sept. 2019.
M. J. Farooq and Q. Zhu, ”Secure and reconfigurable network design for critical information dissemination
in the Internet of battlefield things (IoBT),” 2017 15th International Symposium on Modeling and
Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt), Paris, 2017, pp. 1-8.
M. J. Farooq and Q. Zhu, ”On the Secure and Reconfigurable Multi-Layer Network Design for Critical
Information Dissemination in the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT),” in IEEE Transactions on Wireless
Communications, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2618-2632, April 2018.
Securing Wireless IoT Networks from Backdoor Stealthy Attacks Junaid Farooq