The document discusses several software process models including:
1) The waterfall model which is linear and sequential with distinct stages of requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
2) Evolutionary/iterative models which allow for incremental development and changes during the process.
3) Component-based development which focuses on reuse of existing software components.
4) Agile methodologies like Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP) which emphasize adaptive planning, evolutionary development, and customer collaboration.
The document describes a set of tools developed to help improve the VHDL design process for complex systems. The tools cover different stages of the design process from specification to logic design. Some tools are aimed at design management to improve the quality of the design process, while others measure the quality of the design itself. When used together, the tools can help improve overall design quality and reduce development time. The document outlines where in the design flow the tools can be utilized and the benefits they provide.
The document outlines the process of usability testing which involves planning tasks by identifying users and their needs, designing prototypes, conducting tests using methods like interviews and observations to evaluate the prototypes, and gathering feedback through post-session questionnaires to identify problems and improve the design.
The document discusses model based design for embedded control systems. It introduces model based design, explaining that models represent the system, control, environment and stimuli. It discusses why model based design is used, including that it allows for cheaper, faster development with higher reliability. A case study is presented on using model based design for an excavator system, with models created at various levels of abstraction from continuous time physical models to discrete event software models. The document concludes by demonstrating the models in a co-simulation environment.
The document discusses software development life cycles and the classical waterfall model. It describes the phases of the classical waterfall model as feasibility study, requirements analysis and specification, design, coding and unit testing, integration and system testing, and maintenance. It explains that the classical waterfall model divides the life cycle into distinct phases where each phase must be completed before the next one begins. The document provides details about the goals and activities of each phase.
Software can impact many aspects of society and is found almost everywhere. Common problems in software development include projects not fulfilling customer needs, being difficult to extend and improve, lacking documentation, and having poor quality. Software engineering aims to produce software on time, reliably, and completely by applying a systematic and disciplined approach.
This document provides an overview of object oriented systems development. It discusses that software development is dynamic in nature and there are many tools and methodologies available. It describes object oriented development as building self-contained modules or objects that can be easily replaced, modified and reused. Object oriented development encourages viewing the world as a system of cooperative and collaborating objects. The document also discusses the Rational Unified Process (RUP) framework and the six best practices it incorporates, including developing iteratively, managing requirements, using components, modeling visually with UML, verifying quality through testing, and addressing risk assessment.
Verteilte Synchronisierung von Modellen in automatisierten EntwicklungsprozessenIntland Software GmbH
ModelBus is a model-driven tool integration framework that allows for the seamless integration of development tools. It is based on service-oriented architecture principles and standards to enable the plugging in of commercial off-the-shelf tools to automate development processes. ModelBus provides services like transformation, simulation, and testing and supports capabilities like notification, access control, and synchronization across tools and repositories.
The document provides details about the waterfall model of software development. It discusses the history and key phases of the waterfall model including requirement gathering and analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the waterfall model such as it being easy to implement but inflexible to changes. Overall, the document gives an overview of the waterfall model software development lifecycle.
The document describes a set of tools developed to help improve the VHDL design process for complex systems. The tools cover different stages of the design process from specification to logic design. Some tools are aimed at design management to improve the quality of the design process, while others measure the quality of the design itself. When used together, the tools can help improve overall design quality and reduce development time. The document outlines where in the design flow the tools can be utilized and the benefits they provide.
The document outlines the process of usability testing which involves planning tasks by identifying users and their needs, designing prototypes, conducting tests using methods like interviews and observations to evaluate the prototypes, and gathering feedback through post-session questionnaires to identify problems and improve the design.
The document discusses model based design for embedded control systems. It introduces model based design, explaining that models represent the system, control, environment and stimuli. It discusses why model based design is used, including that it allows for cheaper, faster development with higher reliability. A case study is presented on using model based design for an excavator system, with models created at various levels of abstraction from continuous time physical models to discrete event software models. The document concludes by demonstrating the models in a co-simulation environment.
The document discusses software development life cycles and the classical waterfall model. It describes the phases of the classical waterfall model as feasibility study, requirements analysis and specification, design, coding and unit testing, integration and system testing, and maintenance. It explains that the classical waterfall model divides the life cycle into distinct phases where each phase must be completed before the next one begins. The document provides details about the goals and activities of each phase.
Software can impact many aspects of society and is found almost everywhere. Common problems in software development include projects not fulfilling customer needs, being difficult to extend and improve, lacking documentation, and having poor quality. Software engineering aims to produce software on time, reliably, and completely by applying a systematic and disciplined approach.
This document provides an overview of object oriented systems development. It discusses that software development is dynamic in nature and there are many tools and methodologies available. It describes object oriented development as building self-contained modules or objects that can be easily replaced, modified and reused. Object oriented development encourages viewing the world as a system of cooperative and collaborating objects. The document also discusses the Rational Unified Process (RUP) framework and the six best practices it incorporates, including developing iteratively, managing requirements, using components, modeling visually with UML, verifying quality through testing, and addressing risk assessment.
Verteilte Synchronisierung von Modellen in automatisierten EntwicklungsprozessenIntland Software GmbH
ModelBus is a model-driven tool integration framework that allows for the seamless integration of development tools. It is based on service-oriented architecture principles and standards to enable the plugging in of commercial off-the-shelf tools to automate development processes. ModelBus provides services like transformation, simulation, and testing and supports capabilities like notification, access control, and synchronization across tools and repositories.
The document provides details about the waterfall model of software development. It discusses the history and key phases of the waterfall model including requirement gathering and analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the waterfall model such as it being easy to implement but inflexible to changes. Overall, the document gives an overview of the waterfall model software development lifecycle.
This document discusses mobile software engineering and mobile app development. It covers topics like mobile operating systems, characteristics of mobile apps, trends in native apps versus web apps, mobile information architecture patterns, approaches to mobile software engineering including usability and UX design. It also discusses tools and frameworks for mobile development, implementation issues, types of mobile apps, best practices, the user-centered design lifecycle, tasks of UX designers, using databases, cloud computing and big data analytics with mobile apps. The document is a lecture on mobile software engineering presented by Prof. O.P. Vyas that addresses concepts, issues, implementations and approaches related to developing mobile apps.
The document discusses mobile software engineering. It covers topics like mobile operating systems (Android, iOS, Windows), characteristics and issues of mobile apps, trends in native and web apps, mobile information architecture patterns, usability lifecycles and user experience design for mobile, mobile interaction design patterns, and mobile software testing of native and web apps. It also discusses implementation of mobile software projects, responsive web design, and tools and frameworks like PhoneGap, jQuery, and modeling with UML.
Este documento lista verbos correspondientes a las distintas categorías del plano cognitivo y ofrece recomendaciones para la redacción de objetivos, metas y proyectos. Enumera verbos de conocimiento, comprensión, aplicación, análisis, síntesis y evaluación. También proporciona listas de verbos recomendados para la planificación y redacción de objetivos, metas y proyectos.
The document discusses different types of requirements for software systems including user requirements, system requirements, domain requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It provides details on each type, including that user requirements are written for customers in natural language, system requirements serve as a contract between client and developer, and domain requirements reflect characteristics of the application domain. Functional requirements describe system services while non-functional requirements constrain system functions and development processes. The document also discusses challenges with specifying non-functional requirements and provides examples of performance, reliability, security, usability, and safety requirements for critical systems.
This document provides an overview of an introduction to software engineering course. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including software development lifecycles, processes, requirements engineering, analysis, design, development, testing, verification and validation. It also discusses the software crisis in the 1960s that led to the emergence of software engineering as a discipline. The roles and characteristics of software engineers are outlined. The relationships between software engineering and other disciplines like computer science and management science are described. The differences between software engineering and traditional engineering are highlighted. Finally, the attributes of well-engineered software are listed.
CASE tools stand for Computer Aided Software Engineering tools. They are computer programs that help software engineers and analysts during the development process. CASE tools can generate diagrams, perform consistency checks between models, and integrate development across phases of the software lifecycle. They aim to improve productivity, quality, and management of the software development process.
The document discusses software development processes and methodologies. It provides definitions of key concepts like software process and project management methodology. It then summarizes various software development models and processes like the Rational Unified Process, spiral development, incremental development, and the unified software development process. The unified process classifies iterations into inception, elaboration, construction and transition iterations. It also discusses the six models or views used in the unified process - use case model, analysis model, design model, implementation model, test model and deployment model.
Here are potential risk management strategies for some key risks:
- Organisational financial problems: Prepare a briefing document for senior management showing how the project is making an important contribution to business goals.
- Recruitment problems: Alert customer to potential difficulties and delays, investigate buying components instead of developing in-house.
- Staff illness: Reorganize team work so there is more overlap and people understand each other's roles.
- Defective components: Replace defective components with reliable bought-in alternatives.
- Requirements changes: Derive traceability information to assess impact and maximize information hiding in design.
- Organizational restructuring: Brief management on project importance to gain high-level support
“Good morning!”
IF Date == “01-01-2005” THEN
Print “Happy New Year”
ELSE
IF Date == “12-31-2004” THEN
Print “Happy New Years Eve!”
ELSE
Print “Have a good day!”
END IF
END IF
Print “The date is: ” + Date
Print “The time is: ” + Time
END
________________________________
- To achieve condition coverage for the above code, we would need 3 test cases:
1) Date = "01-01-2005"
2) Date = "12-31-2004"
3) Date is neither of the above
This ensures each condition is
Patent search from product specification finalIIITA
This document outlines a plan to develop a methodology to identify patents related to the components of a mobile phone based on its specifications. The methodology involves selecting a mobile phone brand and model, extracting specifications from the manufacturer's website, identifying keywords from the specifications, and using those keywords to search for and retrieve relevant patents. The goal is to provide patent information on mobile phone technologies to help with research and development, competitive analysis, and understanding technological advancements.
Legacy systems refer to software systems that have been in use for a long time and are often business critical. They pose risks both to replace due to incomplete documentation and embedded business rules, and to maintain as they evolve over time. A full assessment of legacy systems considers their business value, technical quality, and risks of replacement versus maintenance. This informs a strategy of scrapping, maintaining, re-engineering, or replacing the system.
The document discusses key aspects of requirements documentation. It defines types of requirements like user, system, functional, and non-functional requirements. It explains that a requirements document specifies external system behavior and implementation constraints. A good requirements document is easy to change, serves as a reference tool, and predicts changes. A Software Requirements Specification (SRS) communicates the requirements to both customers and designers. It should have characteristics like being correct, unambiguous, complete, and consistent. An SRS contains sections like an introduction with the purpose.
The document discusses relational database design and normalization. It introduces the concepts of normal forms including first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), third normal form (3NF) and Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF). Functional dependencies and decomposition are important to understand normalization. The goal of normalization is to organize data in tables without redundancy and anomalies to have a well-designed database.
The document discusses the purpose and process of software design. It describes software design as where customer requirements, business needs, and technical considerations come together to formulate a product or system. The design model provides detail about data structures, architecture, interfaces, and components. It can be assessed for quality before implementation. The document outlines the tasks in software design including examining data models, selecting an architecture, partitioning models into subsystems, and designing classes, components, interfaces, data structures, and algorithms. It also discusses the phases, methods, strategies, and importance of quality in software design.
The document discusses key concepts in project management including:
1. It outlines various modeling and analysis diagrams that can be used in project design such as ERD, DFD, UML diagrams, and network diagrams.
2. It discusses important aspects of project management like work breakdown structure, scheduling, budgeting, risk management, and the importance of defining SMART goals.
3. It provides details on project time management processes like activity definition, sequencing, duration estimating, developing schedules, and schedule control which are crucial for completing projects on time.
1. Software development life cycle models break down the development process into distinct phases to manage complexity. Common models include waterfall, incremental, evolutionary (like prototyping and spiral), and component-based.
2. The waterfall model follows linear sequential phases from requirements to maintenance. Incremental models iterate through phases. Evolutionary models use prototypes to evolve requirements through customer feedback.
3. The spiral model is an evolutionary model representing phases as loops in a spiral, with risk assessment and reduction at each phase. It aims to minimize risk through iterative development and prototyping.
The document discusses architecture-centric software development processes. It describes traditional waterfall and iterative development models, and notes that iterative models allow for more flexibility to changing requirements. Agile development methods like eXtreme Programming (XP) are discussed, which emphasize iterative development, collaboration, and rapid delivery of working software. Key practices of XP are outlined, including user stories, testing, pair programming, refactoring, and continuous integration. The role of architecture in agile processes is also addressed.
The document discusses different prescriptive process models for software engineering projects. It describes the waterfall model as the oldest and most basic sequential model. Incremental process models like the incremental model and RAD model deliver functionality in increments to get early user feedback. Evolutionary models like prototyping and the spiral model are iterative and allow for changes through repeated prototype revisions or spiral loops of risk analysis, development and validation.
The Spiral Model is a software development process that divides projects into iterations. Each iteration involves planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation. This allows high-risk elements to be resolved early through prototypes and simulations. The model works well for large, risky projects where requirements may change and is focused on risk management over documentation. It incorporates elements of waterfall and prototyping models.
The document provides an overview of various software engineering process models including waterfall, rapid prototyping, incremental, evolutionary, spiral, and agile models like XP. It discusses the main characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each model. It also covers the Rational Unified Process (RUP) in detail including its iterative nature, use case driven approach, architecture centricity, and use of UML. Finally, it discusses process improvement frameworks like the Capability Maturity Model (CMM).
Software Engineering The Multiview Approach And Wisdmguestc990b6
The document provides an overview of web information system development methodology. It discusses key components of information systems and why structured methodologies are important for information system projects. It then describes various software development models including waterfall, iterative, evolutionary, spiral and V-model. Finally, it discusses special considerations for web-based information systems and proposes a socio-technical web information system development methodology called WISDM that takes organizational, technical and human factors into account.
This document discusses different software development life cycle models, focusing on the evolutionary and spiral models.
The evolutionary model develops a software system incrementally, releasing versions with additional features over time. Each version is developed using an iterative waterfall approach. The spiral model combines prototyping and waterfall approaches. It consists of four phases - planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation - completed in iterative cycles or "spirals" to progressively develop the software. The spiral model manages risk better than the waterfall model and can continue indefinitely, while the waterfall model has more risk and uncertainty.
This document discusses mobile software engineering and mobile app development. It covers topics like mobile operating systems, characteristics of mobile apps, trends in native apps versus web apps, mobile information architecture patterns, approaches to mobile software engineering including usability and UX design. It also discusses tools and frameworks for mobile development, implementation issues, types of mobile apps, best practices, the user-centered design lifecycle, tasks of UX designers, using databases, cloud computing and big data analytics with mobile apps. The document is a lecture on mobile software engineering presented by Prof. O.P. Vyas that addresses concepts, issues, implementations and approaches related to developing mobile apps.
The document discusses mobile software engineering. It covers topics like mobile operating systems (Android, iOS, Windows), characteristics and issues of mobile apps, trends in native and web apps, mobile information architecture patterns, usability lifecycles and user experience design for mobile, mobile interaction design patterns, and mobile software testing of native and web apps. It also discusses implementation of mobile software projects, responsive web design, and tools and frameworks like PhoneGap, jQuery, and modeling with UML.
Este documento lista verbos correspondientes a las distintas categorías del plano cognitivo y ofrece recomendaciones para la redacción de objetivos, metas y proyectos. Enumera verbos de conocimiento, comprensión, aplicación, análisis, síntesis y evaluación. También proporciona listas de verbos recomendados para la planificación y redacción de objetivos, metas y proyectos.
The document discusses different types of requirements for software systems including user requirements, system requirements, domain requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It provides details on each type, including that user requirements are written for customers in natural language, system requirements serve as a contract between client and developer, and domain requirements reflect characteristics of the application domain. Functional requirements describe system services while non-functional requirements constrain system functions and development processes. The document also discusses challenges with specifying non-functional requirements and provides examples of performance, reliability, security, usability, and safety requirements for critical systems.
This document provides an overview of an introduction to software engineering course. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including software development lifecycles, processes, requirements engineering, analysis, design, development, testing, verification and validation. It also discusses the software crisis in the 1960s that led to the emergence of software engineering as a discipline. The roles and characteristics of software engineers are outlined. The relationships between software engineering and other disciplines like computer science and management science are described. The differences between software engineering and traditional engineering are highlighted. Finally, the attributes of well-engineered software are listed.
CASE tools stand for Computer Aided Software Engineering tools. They are computer programs that help software engineers and analysts during the development process. CASE tools can generate diagrams, perform consistency checks between models, and integrate development across phases of the software lifecycle. They aim to improve productivity, quality, and management of the software development process.
The document discusses software development processes and methodologies. It provides definitions of key concepts like software process and project management methodology. It then summarizes various software development models and processes like the Rational Unified Process, spiral development, incremental development, and the unified software development process. The unified process classifies iterations into inception, elaboration, construction and transition iterations. It also discusses the six models or views used in the unified process - use case model, analysis model, design model, implementation model, test model and deployment model.
Here are potential risk management strategies for some key risks:
- Organisational financial problems: Prepare a briefing document for senior management showing how the project is making an important contribution to business goals.
- Recruitment problems: Alert customer to potential difficulties and delays, investigate buying components instead of developing in-house.
- Staff illness: Reorganize team work so there is more overlap and people understand each other's roles.
- Defective components: Replace defective components with reliable bought-in alternatives.
- Requirements changes: Derive traceability information to assess impact and maximize information hiding in design.
- Organizational restructuring: Brief management on project importance to gain high-level support
“Good morning!”
IF Date == “01-01-2005” THEN
Print “Happy New Year”
ELSE
IF Date == “12-31-2004” THEN
Print “Happy New Years Eve!”
ELSE
Print “Have a good day!”
END IF
END IF
Print “The date is: ” + Date
Print “The time is: ” + Time
END
________________________________
- To achieve condition coverage for the above code, we would need 3 test cases:
1) Date = "01-01-2005"
2) Date = "12-31-2004"
3) Date is neither of the above
This ensures each condition is
Patent search from product specification finalIIITA
This document outlines a plan to develop a methodology to identify patents related to the components of a mobile phone based on its specifications. The methodology involves selecting a mobile phone brand and model, extracting specifications from the manufacturer's website, identifying keywords from the specifications, and using those keywords to search for and retrieve relevant patents. The goal is to provide patent information on mobile phone technologies to help with research and development, competitive analysis, and understanding technological advancements.
Legacy systems refer to software systems that have been in use for a long time and are often business critical. They pose risks both to replace due to incomplete documentation and embedded business rules, and to maintain as they evolve over time. A full assessment of legacy systems considers their business value, technical quality, and risks of replacement versus maintenance. This informs a strategy of scrapping, maintaining, re-engineering, or replacing the system.
The document discusses key aspects of requirements documentation. It defines types of requirements like user, system, functional, and non-functional requirements. It explains that a requirements document specifies external system behavior and implementation constraints. A good requirements document is easy to change, serves as a reference tool, and predicts changes. A Software Requirements Specification (SRS) communicates the requirements to both customers and designers. It should have characteristics like being correct, unambiguous, complete, and consistent. An SRS contains sections like an introduction with the purpose.
The document discusses relational database design and normalization. It introduces the concepts of normal forms including first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), third normal form (3NF) and Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF). Functional dependencies and decomposition are important to understand normalization. The goal of normalization is to organize data in tables without redundancy and anomalies to have a well-designed database.
The document discusses the purpose and process of software design. It describes software design as where customer requirements, business needs, and technical considerations come together to formulate a product or system. The design model provides detail about data structures, architecture, interfaces, and components. It can be assessed for quality before implementation. The document outlines the tasks in software design including examining data models, selecting an architecture, partitioning models into subsystems, and designing classes, components, interfaces, data structures, and algorithms. It also discusses the phases, methods, strategies, and importance of quality in software design.
The document discusses key concepts in project management including:
1. It outlines various modeling and analysis diagrams that can be used in project design such as ERD, DFD, UML diagrams, and network diagrams.
2. It discusses important aspects of project management like work breakdown structure, scheduling, budgeting, risk management, and the importance of defining SMART goals.
3. It provides details on project time management processes like activity definition, sequencing, duration estimating, developing schedules, and schedule control which are crucial for completing projects on time.
1. Software development life cycle models break down the development process into distinct phases to manage complexity. Common models include waterfall, incremental, evolutionary (like prototyping and spiral), and component-based.
2. The waterfall model follows linear sequential phases from requirements to maintenance. Incremental models iterate through phases. Evolutionary models use prototypes to evolve requirements through customer feedback.
3. The spiral model is an evolutionary model representing phases as loops in a spiral, with risk assessment and reduction at each phase. It aims to minimize risk through iterative development and prototyping.
The document discusses architecture-centric software development processes. It describes traditional waterfall and iterative development models, and notes that iterative models allow for more flexibility to changing requirements. Agile development methods like eXtreme Programming (XP) are discussed, which emphasize iterative development, collaboration, and rapid delivery of working software. Key practices of XP are outlined, including user stories, testing, pair programming, refactoring, and continuous integration. The role of architecture in agile processes is also addressed.
The document discusses different prescriptive process models for software engineering projects. It describes the waterfall model as the oldest and most basic sequential model. Incremental process models like the incremental model and RAD model deliver functionality in increments to get early user feedback. Evolutionary models like prototyping and the spiral model are iterative and allow for changes through repeated prototype revisions or spiral loops of risk analysis, development and validation.
The Spiral Model is a software development process that divides projects into iterations. Each iteration involves planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation. This allows high-risk elements to be resolved early through prototypes and simulations. The model works well for large, risky projects where requirements may change and is focused on risk management over documentation. It incorporates elements of waterfall and prototyping models.
The document provides an overview of various software engineering process models including waterfall, rapid prototyping, incremental, evolutionary, spiral, and agile models like XP. It discusses the main characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each model. It also covers the Rational Unified Process (RUP) in detail including its iterative nature, use case driven approach, architecture centricity, and use of UML. Finally, it discusses process improvement frameworks like the Capability Maturity Model (CMM).
Software Engineering The Multiview Approach And Wisdmguestc990b6
The document provides an overview of web information system development methodology. It discusses key components of information systems and why structured methodologies are important for information system projects. It then describes various software development models including waterfall, iterative, evolutionary, spiral and V-model. Finally, it discusses special considerations for web-based information systems and proposes a socio-technical web information system development methodology called WISDM that takes organizational, technical and human factors into account.
This document discusses different software development life cycle models, focusing on the evolutionary and spiral models.
The evolutionary model develops a software system incrementally, releasing versions with additional features over time. Each version is developed using an iterative waterfall approach. The spiral model combines prototyping and waterfall approaches. It consists of four phases - planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation - completed in iterative cycles or "spirals" to progressively develop the software. The spiral model manages risk better than the waterfall model and can continue indefinitely, while the waterfall model has more risk and uncertainty.
Detection of Seed Methods for Quantification of Feature ConfinementAndrzej Olszak
This document proposes an approach to automatically detect "seed methods" for quantifying feature confinement in object-oriented programs. Seed methods are starting points of feature control flows. The approach ranks methods based on popular names and size of static control flow slices. It was evaluated on 14 Java programs against ground truth slices, finding 79% intersection on average. The approach was also applied to track how feature confinement in Checkstyle evolved over 10 years and 27 releases, despite a doubling of lines of code.
This document discusses various models of the software development process, including:
- The waterfall model, which is a sequential process composed of requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance phases.
- Variations like the V-model and sashimi model which allow for more overlap and feedback between phases.
- Prototyping models which use prototypes to evaluate requirements and designs early.
- Transformational models which use automated tools to transform requirements into designs and code.
- Iterative and incremental models like the spiral model which deliver working software in phases.
The document provides an overview of various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Prototyping, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Incremental, Spiral, Agile approaches like Extreme Programming (XP) and Feature Driven Development (FDD). It describes the key phases, strengths, weaknesses and scenarios where each model is best suited. The SDLC models range from traditional plan-driven to more adaptive approaches and the choice of model depends on project factors like requirements, risks, schedules and team preferences.
The document provides an overview of various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Prototyping, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Incremental, Spiral, Agile approaches like Extreme Programming (XP) and Feature Driven Development (FDD). It describes the key phases, strengths, weaknesses and scenarios where each model is best suited. The SDLC models range from traditional plan-driven to more adaptive approaches and the choice of model depends on project factors like requirements, risks, schedules and team preferences.
The document discusses software processes and iterative process models. It describes incremental delivery and spiral development as two iterative process models. Incremental delivery breaks development into increments with each delivering part of the functionality. Spiral development represents the process as a spiral with phases addressing objectives, risks, development and planning. Both models allow for iteration and incorporate user feedback earlier.
The document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, spiral, iterative, incremental, and agile. It also describes different agile methodologies like extreme programming, adaptive software development, scrum, dynamic system development method, crystal, feature driven development, and agile modeling. Finally, it covers software engineering process and process improvement frameworks like the capability maturity model.
SE_Unit 2.pdf it is a process model of it studentRAVALCHIRAG1
The document discusses various process models for software engineering including waterfall, incremental, RAD, evolutionary (prototyping and spiral), concurrent, component-based, aspect-oriented, and reuse-oriented models. It also covers project metrics, software measurement approaches including size-oriented metrics like lines of code and function-oriented metrics like function points. Key aspects of each model are defined along with their applicability and limitations.
The document describes the Spiral Model software development methodology. It discusses the history, phases, graphical representation, pros and cons, comparisons to other models like Waterfall and Agile, applications, and provides an example of how Microsoft used it to develop Windows operating systems. The Spiral Model is an iterative approach that involves planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation phases within each loop or spiral. It is suited for large, expensive, complex projects and allows for risk identification and mitigation at each stage of development.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, rapid application development (RAD), incremental, spiral, agile, extreme programming (XP), feature driven design (FDD), dynamic systems development method (DSDM), and adaptive SDLC models. It provides an overview of the key phases, strengths, weaknesses, and scenarios where each model is best applied.
This document provides an overview of several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Prototyping, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Incremental, Spiral, and Agile methods. For each model, the key steps, strengths, weaknesses, and when each model is best applied are described. The document also discusses the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and its levels, as well as specific Agile methods like Extreme Programming (XP) and Feature Driven Development (FDD).
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Prototyping, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Incremental, and Spiral models. For each model, it describes the key steps, strengths, weaknesses, and when each model is best applied. The models range from traditional sequential models like Waterfall to more iterative models like Prototyping and RAD.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Prototyping, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Incremental, and Spiral models. For each model, it describes the key steps, strengths, weaknesses, and when each model is best suited to use. The document provides a high-level overview of the different SDLC approaches.
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
1. What are the different types of
Software Process Model?
2. SW Process Models
• Waterfall model
• Evolutionary or Progressive models
• Component-based development model
• Iterative Model
• Agile Methodology
2
3. Types of Agile Methodology
• Extreme Programming (XP)
• Scrum
• Agile Modeling
• Agile Unified Process (AUP)
• Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)
• Essential Unified Process (EssUP)
• Exia Process (ExP)
• Feature Driven Development (FDD)
• Open Unified Process (OpenUP)
• Crystal Clear
• Velocity tracking
4. Waterfall model
• History
• Characteristic
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
5. The Waterfall Model
• Oldest model, it’s been around since 1970.
• Called “Linear Sequential Model”.
• Most widely used model for SW engineering
• Documentation is produced at each stage.
5
6. Phases
1. Requirements analysis and definition
2. System and software design
3. Implementation and unit testing
4. Integration and system testing
5. Operation and maintenance
6
8. Disadvantages
• Inflexible partitioning of the project into distinct stages
makes it difficult to respond to changing customer
requirements.
• Only appropriate when the requirements are well-
understood and changes will be fairly limited during
the design process.
• The waterfall model is mostly used for large systems
engineering projects.
8
12. The Exploratory Model
Objective is to work with customers and evolve a
final system from an initial outline specification.
Should start with well-understood requirements
and add new features as proposed by the
customer.
13. The Exploratory Model
Concurr ent
activities
Initial
Specification version
Outline Intermedia te
description Development versions
Final
Valida tion version
13
14. The Exploratory Model
• Problems
– Lack of process visibility;
– Systems are often poorly structured;
• Applicability
– For small or medium-size interactive systems;
– For parts of large systems (e.g. the user interface);
– For short-lifetime systems.
14
16. The Prototyping Model
When a customer defines a set of general objectives
for a software but does not identify detailed input,
processing, or output requirement.
It consists of the iterating phases:
1. Requirements gathering
2. Design and build SW prototype
3. Evaluate prototype with customer
4. Refine requirements
16
18. The Prototyping Model
• Advantages
– Users get a feel for the actual system
– Developers get to build something immediately
– Specifications can be developed incrementally
• Disadvantages
– The developer may make implementation compromises in
order to get a prototype working quickly.
– The process in not visible (few documents that reflect every
version of the system)
– Systems poorly structured
18
19. What is Component Based
Software Engineering (CBSE)
• Features
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
20. Component Based Software
Engineering (CBSE)
• Based on systematic reuse where systems are
integrated from existing components.
• Process stages
– Component analysis;
– Requirements modification;
– System design with reuse;
– Development and integration.
• This approach is becoming increasingly used as
component standards have emerged.
20
21. Component Based Software
Engineering (CBSE)
Requirements Component Requirements System design
specification analy sis modification with reuse
Development Sy stem
and integ ration validation
21
22. Component Based Software
Engineering (CBSE)
• Advantages:
– Reduce amount of software to be developed
– Reduce costs and risks
– Faster delivery
• Disadvantages:
– Requirements compromises, system does not meet real
needs of users
– Limited features
22
26. The Incremental Model
Rather than deliver the system as a single delivery, the
development and delivery is broken down into
increments with each increment delivering part of the
required functionality.
User requirements are prioritised and the highest priority
requirements are included in early increments.
Once the development of an increment is started, the
requirements are frozen though requirements for later
increments can continue to evolve.
27. The Incremental Model
Define outline Assign requirements Design sy stem
requirements to increments architectur e
Develop sy stem Valida te Integ rate Validate
increment increment increment sy stem
Final
sy stem
Sy stem incomplete
27
28. The Incremental Model
Advantages:
• Customer value can be delivered with each increment so
system functionality is available earlier.
• Early increments act as a prototype to help elicit
requirements for later increments.
• Lower risk of overall project failure.
• The highest priority system services tend to receive the
most testing.
28
29. The Incremental Model
Disadvantages:
• Increments should be relatively small (20,000 lines of
code)
• Can be difficult to map the customer’s requirements
onto increments of the right size
• Hard to identify common functions
29
30. The Spiral Model
• Defined by Barry Boehm in his 1988 article A Spiral
Model of Software Development and Enhancement.
• Process is represented as a spiral rather than as a
sequence of activities with backtracking.
• Each loop in the spiral represents a phase in the
process.
• Suitable for large, expensive and complicated projects
30
31. The Spiral Model
Deter mine objecti ves,
Evalua te alterna tives,
alterna tives and
identify, resolv e risks
constr aints Risk
anal ysis
Risk
anal ysis
Risk
Oper a-
anal ysis
Pr ototype 3 tional
Prototype 2 protoype
Risk
REVIEW anal ysis Proto-
type 1
Requir ements plan Simula tions , models , benchmar ks
Life-cy cle plan Concept of
Oper a tion S/W
requir ements Product
design Detailed
Requir ement design
De velopment
plan valida tion Code
Unit test
Integ ra tion Design
V&V Integ ra tion
and test plan
Plan ne xt phase test
Acceptance 31
Service test De velop , verify
ne xt-le vel pr oduct
32. The Spiral Model
Advantages:
• Risks are explicitly assessed and resolved throughout
the process.
• Software engineers can start working on the project
earlier rather than wading through a lengthy early
design process.
32
33. The Spiral Model
Disadvantages:
• Requires highly skilled people in risk analysis and
planning
• Requires more time, and is more expensive
• Estimates of budget and time are harder to judge at
the beginning of the project since the requirements
evolve through the process
33
34. Latest Techniques of Software Process
Management (SPM)
AGILE & EXTREME
PROGRAMMING
35. Covered Topics
• What is Agile Programming
• What is Extreme Programming (XP)
• Why would I use Extreme Programming?
• Values of XP
• Principals of XP
• Activities of XP
• Dangers of XP
37. What is “Agility”?
• Effective (rapid and adaptive) response to
change
• Effective communication among all
stakeholders
• Drawing the customer onto the team
Yielding …
• Rapid, incremental delivery of software
SWE 418 (062) Agile Software Processes-XP 37
39. The Agile Manifesto–a statement of
values
Individuals and
Individuals and over Process and tools
Process and tools
interactions
interactions
Comprehensive
Comprehensive
Working software
Working software over
documentation
documentation
Customer collaboration
Customer collaboration over Contract negotiation
Contract negotiation
Responding to change
Responding to change over Following a plan
Following a plan
Source: www.agilemanifesto.org
42. An Agile process
• Is driven by customer descriptions of what is
required (Scenarios)(User Stories)
• Recognizes that plans are short-lived
• Develops software iteratively with a heavy
emphasis on construction activities
• Delivers multiple ‘software increments’
• Adapts as changes occur
SWE 418 (062) 42
44. Basic Building Blocks of
Agile Software Development
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools;
Working software over comprehensive documentation;
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation;
Responding to change over following a plan.
46. Definition
What Is Extreme Programming?
“Extreme Programming (XP) is one of a growing group of
agile software development methodologies. XP uses
integrated teams of programmers, customers, and
managers to develop high-quality software at high speed”.
XP Team
Programmers Customers Managers
47. Definition
• Extreme Programming differs from traditional
methodologies primarily in placing a higher value on
adaptability than on predictability.
• In XP “Working software is the primary measure of
progress.”
48. Other Agile Processes
• The Crystal Methodology Family:
crystalmethodologies.org
• Scrum:
www.controlchaos.com
• Adaptive Software Development: www.adaptivesd.com
• DSDM (Dynamic System Development Method):
www.dsdm.org
50. XP is Different
• Early, concrete, and continuous feedback from
short-cycles.
• Incremental planning approach.
• Flexibility of scheduling the implementation based
on changing business needs.
• Reliance on tests written by the programmers.
• Reliance on the collaboration of programmers.
SWE 418 (062) Agile Software Processes-XP 50
60. The XP Key Points
• Find ways to make change cheaper
• Find inexpensive ways of avoiding errors
• Reduce overall cost of development
61. Thinking of Extreme Programming
• The main aim of XP is to reduce the cost of change.
• In traditional system development methods the requirements
for the system are determined at the beginning of the
development project and often fixed from that point on.
• This means that the cost of changing the requirements at a
later stage (a common feature of software engineering
projects) will be high.
63. Why would I use Extreme
Programming?
• Most software projects use an ad-hoc approach to
development known as “code and fix".
• Several studies have found that 40% to 80% of a typical
software project's budget goes into fixing defects that were
created earlier on the same project.
• So to lower this curve of change XP is used.
64. Why would I use Extreme
Programming?
• “Requirements-Analysis-Design-Code-Test-maintain” as a
assembly line.
Assumption that the shape of the finished product is
known before the process begins.
• But, if a customer specify something completely new and
needs constant feedback to validate their choices. Then XP
comes into scene.
65. Activities of Extreme Programming
• Listening : For the programmers to find what the
functionality of the system should be, they have to listen to
business.
• Designing :One can come a long way without designing but
at a given time one will get stuck. The system becomes too
complex and there may be dependencies within the system.
XP Milestones
Listening Designing Coding Testing
66. Activities of Extreme Programming
• Coding : The only truly important product of the system
development process is code (a concept to which they give a
somewhat broader definition than might be given by others).
Without code you have nothing.
• Testing: One cannot be certain of anything unless one has
tested it.
XP Milestones
Listening Designing Coding Testing
Editor's Notes
Agile methods are adaptive rather than predictive. Engineering methods tend to try to plan out a large part of the software process in great detail for a long span of time, this works well until things change. So their nature is to resist change. The agile methods, however, welcome change. They try to be processes that adapt and thrive on change, even to the point of changing themselves. Agile methods are people-oriented rather than process-oriented. The goal of engineering methods is to define a process that will work well whoever happens to be using it. Agile methods assert that no process will ever make up the the skill of the development team, so the role of a process is to support the development team in their work.
The XP Gang: Scrum: Adaptive: Kent Beck Mike Beedle Jim Highsmith Ward Cunningham Ken Schwaber Martin Fowler Jeff Sutherland James Grenning Ron Jeffries Robert C. Martin FDD: DSDM: Crystal and MPP: Jon Kern Arie van Bennekum Alistair Cockburn Schlaer/Mellor: Independents: Steve Mellor Andrew Hunt Brian Marick Dave Thomas
Different Roles within the Extreme Programming methodology work with some of the practices more than others. This “Circle of Life” diagram (adapted from Ron Jefferies papers on XP) shows how the customer is more involved with the “outer ring” practices, the team is involved in all practices, and developers, or pairs of developers are involved in some of the “inner ring” practices.