This document summarizes the six phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC): 1) Preliminary Investigation which determines if a new system is needed and identifies problems; 2) System Analysis which studies the existing system; 3) System Design which designs alternative systems; 4) System Development which builds the system; 5) System Implementation which converts to the new system and trains users; 6) Operations & Maintenance which maintains and evaluates the system long-term. Tools, documentation, and deliverables are discussed for each phase.

1. Presented By
Name:Karuna Kak
Institute:SICSR
PRN:12030121030
Programme :BCA (2012-15)
Semester :III
Division :A

2. SDLC PhasesPreliminaryInvestigation
System Operation
& Maintenance
System
Analysis
System
Implementation
n
System
Design
System
D
evelopment

3. Phase 1: Preliminary Investigation
Determineifanewsystemisneeded
Threeprimarytasks:
Definetheproblem
Byobservationandinterview,determinewhatinformationisneededbywhom,when,whereandwhy
Suggestalternativesolutions
Prepareashortreport

4. Indepthstudyoftheexistingsystemtodeterminewhatthenewsystemshoulddo.
ExpandondatagatheredinPhase1
Inadditiontoobservationandinterviews, examine:
Formallinesofauthority(orgchart)
Standardoperatingprocedures
Howinformationflows
Reasonsforanyinefficiencies
Phase 2: System Analysis

5. Phase 2: System Analysis Tools Used
Checklists-listofquestions
Top-downanalysis-startwithtoplevelcomponents,breakdownintosmallerpartsthrougheachsuccessivelevel
Gridcharts-toshowrelationshipbetweeninputsandoutputs
Systemflowcharts-chartsflowofinputdata, processing,andoutputwhichshowsystemelementsandinteractions

6. Phase 2: System Analysis Documentation Produced
Complete description of current system and its problems
Requirements for new system including:
Subject
Scope
Objectives
Benefits
Possible development schedule

7. Phase 3: System Design
Usesspecificationsfromthesystemsanalysistodesignalternativesystems
Evaluatealternativesbasedupon:
Economicfeasibility-Dobenefitsjustifycosts?
Technicalfeasibility-Isreliabletechnologyandtrainingavailable?
Operationalfeasibility-Willthemanagersanduserssupportit?

8. Phase 3: System Design Tools Used
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools are software-based products designed to help automate the production of information systems.
Examples:
Diagramming Tools
Data Repositories
Prototyping Tools
Documentation Tools
Project Management Tools

9. Phase 3: System Design Documentation Produced
System Design Report
Describe Alternatives including:
Inputs/Outputs
Processing
Storage and Backup
Recommend Top Alternative based upon:
System Fit into the Organization
Flexibility for the future
Costs vs. benefits

10. Phase 4: System Development
Build the system to the design specifications
Develop the software
Purchase off-the-shelf software OR
Write custom software
Acquire the hardware
Test the new system
Module (unit) test -tests each part of system
Integration testing -tests system as one unit
Create manuals for users and operators

11. Phase 5: System Implementation
Convert from old system to new system
Train users
Compile final documentation
Evaluate the new system

12. Phase 5: System ImplementationTypes of Conversion
Direct/plunge/crashapproach–entirenewsystemcompletelyreplacesentireoldsystem,inonestep
Parallelapproach-bothsystemsareoperatedsidebysideuntilthenewsystemprovesitself
Pilotapproach-launchednewsystemforonlyonegroupwithinthebusiness--oncenewsystemisoperatingsmoothly,implementationgoescompany- wide
Phased/incrementalapproach-individualpartsofnewsystemaregraduallyphased-inovertime,usingeithercrashorparallelforeachpiece.

13. Phase 5: System Implementation
User Training
Ease into system, make them comfortable, and gain their support
Most commonly overlooked
Can be commenced before equipment delivery
Outside trainers sometimes used

14. Phase 6: Operations & Maintenance
Types of changes:
Physical repair of the system
Correction of new bugs found (corrective)
System adjustments to environmental changes
Adjustments for users’ changing needs (adaptive)
Changes to user better techniques when they become available (perfective)

15. Phase 6: Operations & Maintenance
Evaluation Methods
Systems audit -performance compared to original specifications
Periodic evaluation -“checkups” from time to time, modifications if necessary

16. Deliverables of the SDLCBegin buildingnew system
System converted
Users trained
Coded and
Tested System
Design Specifications
Preliminary
Investigation
System
Analysis
System
Design
System
Implementation
System
Development
System
Maintenance
Approved Feasibility
StudyOperational System Documentation completed
Abort Project
Goto next phase
GotoPrevious phase
Problem
Specifications