Here is Vala's presentation that she gave to the Converge Project's 1st Food Sector Modelling Workshop in Bristol UK on November 2nd 2011. More on this project can be found at www.convergeproject.org
Here is Vala's presentation that she gave to the Converge Project's 1st Food Sector Modelling Workshop in Bristol UK on November 2nd 2011. More on this project can be found at www.convergeproject.org
Landscaping works - from decorative elements to sustain resilient Eco-balance...Prof. Dr.Abdelrahman Hbrc
Back to Nature, Ecological resilience, FUNCTIONAL LANDSCAPING, Biophilic Design for Built-environment, Livable Green Architecture, Building integrated agriculture, Urban Agriculture, ecological cities
Human well-being is highly dependent on ecosystems and the benefits they provide such as food and drinkable water. Over the past 50 years, however, humans have had a tremendous impact on their environment.
To better understand the consequences of current changes to ecosystems and to evaluate scenarios for the future, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has launched a comprehensive scientific study, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
What actions could be taken to limit harmful consequences of ecosystem degradation?
Landscaping works - from decorative elements to sustain resilient Eco-balance...Prof. Dr.Abdelrahman Hbrc
Back to Nature, Ecological resilience, FUNCTIONAL LANDSCAPING, Biophilic Design for Built-environment, Livable Green Architecture, Building integrated agriculture, Urban Agriculture, ecological cities
Human well-being is highly dependent on ecosystems and the benefits they provide such as food and drinkable water. Over the past 50 years, however, humans have had a tremendous impact on their environment.
To better understand the consequences of current changes to ecosystems and to evaluate scenarios for the future, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has launched a comprehensive scientific study, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
What actions could be taken to limit harmful consequences of ecosystem degradation?
Bio 107 General Ecology
Objectives:
Identify and describe
the flow of nutrients in
each biogeochemical
cycle.
Explain the impact
that humans have on
the biogeochemical
cycles.
You will see all the relevant topics Trans-boundary environmental problems; global pollution; economic significance of biodiversity;
economics of climate change; trade and environment, dispute resolutions
IARU Global Challenges 2014 Cornell Tracking our declineSarah Cornell
There is growing attention to the global risks - not just local impacts - of present rates of biodiversity loss. It is worth keeping in mind that 'biodiversity loss' actually means the destruction (sometimes irreversible) – by us, people – of living organisms, Earth's 'genetic library', species, ecosystems and habitats. The fact that ecosystems are complex, adaptive, and locally specific means they can't be adequately represented in a single global measure. But without any overarching global perspective on losses, the locally contingent measures are 'untethered' to the real risks of systemic change. Scientists of many kinds are rising to the transdisciplinary challenge of dealing with this complexity in the face of global drivers of change (climate change, development pressures), recognizing that it is a challenge for everyone, not just academia.
IARU Global Challenges 2014 Cornell Governance gapsSarah Cornell
The Global Gap: discussing the science/policy/society governance landscape for climate, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution and nutrient (N&P) management.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. Sustainable Development
and the Environment
Dr Sarah Cornell
sarah.cornell@bristol.ac.uk
Lecture slides and notes will be on Blackboard
2. Environmental Change
Key concepts:
The Earth System
Socio-Ecological Systems
Causes, consequences, and context
Scales of change (in space and time)
Case studies:
Pollution and over-consumption (L1)
Integrated Environmental Management (L2)
Global environmental change(s) (L3)
3. A systems perspective
General characteristics of a system:
All systems have structure or organization.
All systems function in some way.
All systems show some degree of integration
(components act together to form an integral
whole)
Change in one component is "sensed"
throughout the system, resulting in regulation.
6. Earth System science
explores the interactions
between living and non-living
parts of the planet
Life changes its surroundings.
The Gaia Hypothesis –
our planet functions as a
single organism that maintains
the conditions necessary
for its survival.
James Lovelock
7. Processes - Biogeochemical cycles
ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/globe/NFTG/nitrocyc.htm
The water cycle The nitrogen cycle
8. A major area of concern – the carbon cycle
Image from Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology
10. Sustainability relates to:
Society’s ability to cope with natural changes
Society’s consumption of natural resources
Society’s management of ‘collateral’
environmental damage
Human sub- Environmental
‘Three Pillars’ system sub-system
of sustainability ?
12. PSR (or DSR or DPSIR)
Framework -
Many configurations - OECD, EEA, Defra, academic
• Allows for conceptual links in both directions
• Can be applied to multiple scales
• Can deal with processes - not just snapshot
But it doesn’t point society along the right or
‘good’ direction -
It is a framework for tackling problems
13. Pressure-State-Response Framework
D P S I
Driving Forces in State Change in Impacts on
Pressures
Society Environment Society
Agriculture
Land and Environmental
Industry Physical,
Resource Use goods &
Energy chemical and services
Emissions ecological
Transport state Human Society
Technological
Services risks
Households
S e c to r Environmental Statement of Social
P o lic y Policy Objectives Prioritisation
Response
15. More people, more affluence,
more technology
= much more demanding of resources
• Plots from Steffen et al., 2003. IGBP.
• Read about P-A-T in Ehrlich, P.R. and J.P. Holdren, 1971.
Impact of Population Growth. Science 171: 1212-17.
16. Image from Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology
Undesirable consequences…
Perturbed elemental cycles
Image from ORNL
17. Altered air chemistry Land cover change
Growing evidence of
changing temperature
and
Earth System feedbacks
18. Next two lectures –
looking at impacts and responses at
local and global scales
For now –
some unsustainability stories
19. The 1950s Smog Story
Smoke and sulphur dioxide from
industrial sources and domestic coal
fires accumulate in moist, still air
SO2 dissolves to form
concentrated
sulphuric acid
particles
Water vapour
Droplet tends to
condenses onto
absorb more water
the fine soot
fog thickens
20. 4000 deaths in
5 days
Each day:
• 1,000 tonnes of smoke particles
• 2,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide
• 140 tonnes of hydrochloric acid
• 370 tonnes of SO2 were converted
into 800 tonnes of sulphuric acid.
Image from Met Office
21. UK Government response:
Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968 “smokeless zones”, controls on
industrial sources of pollution (tall chimneys for waste gas dispersal).
1997 National Air Quality Strategy set targets for 2005.
30% decrease since 1970
Excess deposition of SO2 in Europe (in tons/km2)
European legislation: www.emep.int
• controls pollution from
industry and now transport
• sets health limits for
common air pollutants,
including SO2, particulate
matter, lead and NOx.
22. Controls:
Change fuel - coal and oil desulphurisation
Change combustion - pressurised fluidised bed
chambers - remove S as fuel burns
Change emissions - flue gas desulphurisation
CaCO3 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
limestone gypsum
23. Data from European Environment
Agency, 2000.
x1012 g S yr-1
Netherlands policy
initiatives have sharply
reduced SO2 emissions
to the atmosphere
Reference shows emissions at
1980 rate corrected for electricity
generation
24. The Water Quality story
Nitrogen and phosphorus are
essential nutrients for plants.
Sources of phosphorus - agricultural fertilizers and
pesticides, and wastewater treatment.
Sources of nitrogen - fertilizers, intensive agriculture
(NH3), wastewater, combustion processes (as NOx),
including vehicle engines.
25. What is the fate of N and P applied to land
surface or released into the atmosphere?
Rain washes nutrients into
streams and rivers
Nutrients enhance growth of
aquatic plants
Algal blooms die back when the
nutrients are depleted
Rotting algae consume all the
dissolved oxygen in the water,
causing eutrophication and
ecosystem damage
Photo courtesy of Stephanie Lindloff,
River Alliance of Wisconsin.
26. http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/quality
Water Quality and the Law
Important legislation affecting water policy (up to 2003)
Safeguarding water supplies and their quality for now and the future is a vital task. It is a legal duty not to cause or allow water
pollution, as well as an environmental and social responsibility.
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 established statutory provisions for a range of environment protection
purposes including integrated pollution control for dangerous processes.
The Water Resources Act 1991 consolidated previous water legislation in respect of both the quality and quantity of
water resources.
The Water Industry Act 1991 consolidated legislation relating to the supply of water and the provision of sewerage
services.
The Environment Act 1995 established the Environment Agency, and introduced measures to enhance protection of
the environment, including further powers for the prevention and remediation of water pollution.
The EC Surface Water Abstraction Directives (75/440/EEC) set quality objectives for the surface water
sources from which drinking water is taken.
The EC Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC) sets standards aimed at protecting the health of bathers and
maintaining the aesthetic quality of bathing waters.
The EC Freshwater Fish (78/659/EEC) and Shellfish Waters Directives (79/923/EEC) are aimed
at protecting the health of freshwater fish and shellfish populations, by designating waters in need of protection and setting
quality standards for those waters. There is also a directive that aims to protect the health of consumers of shellfish by
enforcing bacterial quality standards.
The EC Dangerous Substances Directives (76/464/EEC), together with the Water Resources Act 1991,
require control over inputs of dangerous substances into water.
The EC Groundwater Directive (80/68/EEC) is related to the Dangerous Substances Directives and applies to
groundwater protection. Groundwater is water held underground in rock formations.
The EC Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) sets requirements for the provision of
collecting systems and the treatment of sewage according to the size of the discharge and the nature of the receiving water.
The EC Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC) requires member states to reduce the nitrate pollution in waters that arises
from agricultural inputs.
27. CSI report, 2005
Key policy question:
Is eutrophication in European surface waters decreasing?
Key message:
There has been no general reduction in
eutrophication (as measured by
chlorophyll-a concentrations) since 1985.
Chlorophyll-a concentrations have
increased in a few coastal areas and
decreased in others.
28. What are the differences between the
smog story and the water story?
• Point source pollution • Diffuse source pollution
• One major source • Multiple sources
• Substitutes for coal • No substitution for N or P
• Technology available at • No technological solution
reasonable cost • Indirect impact on humans,
• Direct and acute impact usually cumulative not
on humans acute
• Local impact • Often displaced impact
29. What hope for Water Quality?
EU Water Framework Directive
It requires all inland and coastal water bodies to reach at
least "good status" by 2015.
It promises joined-up science and joined-up governance:
• integration of surface/groundwater and quality/quantity.
• linking management of water with other policy sectors that
have an impact on the water environment.
30. Stories of Irreversible Changes -
use of non-renewable resources
Nauru
(2,500 miles SW of Honolulu)
31. Nauru’s phosphate mining started before 1900. For a period
after it became a republic, in 1968, its per capita income was
second only to Saudi Arabia’s.
90% of the island surface has been mined.
By 2005, virtually all phosphate reserves were depleted.
• The economy collapsed in the 1990s… notorious for
money-laundering, now largely dependent on aid.
• The island is widely regarded as an environmental
wasteland… (no birds, food and water are imported)
• The community has been struggling with weak governance
and reduced wellbeing – rehabilitation of the island is difficult
e.g., www.economist.com/node/11090649; CIA world factbook
32. Would we be so foolish…?
F o s s il f u e ls a n d
the H ub b e rt P e a k
Non-OPEC, non-FSU production
has already peaked.
33. Carrying capacity = the population level that can be supported,
given the life infrastructure present
(food, habitat, water and other resources)
Carrying
Capacity
Resources }
Population
Sustainable (?)
development
time
A little warning note – this concept needs care in application. Lots of literature explains why…
34. Carrying capacity …
Carrying
Capacity
Resources Population
Too-rapid development
time
Recall earlier reference to Paul Ehrlich (IPAT) - http://dieoff.org/page112.htm
Donella Meadows - http://www.sustainer.org/dhm_archive/
http://www.sustainer.org/dhm_archive/index.php?display_article=vn385npped
35. Carrying Capacity … and Ecological Footprints
Carrying
Capacity Capacity
Resources
} - Footprint
Population
+ve or -ve?
Sustainable (?)
development
time
see pthbb.org/natural
This is the Bretherton Diagram that summarises the international research strategy for Earth System Science developed in the 1980s. Since then, climate models and Earth observation programmes have been developed that include all these components.
Our understanding of the environment has been built up from scientific insights from many different specialist fields of study.
Many of Earth’s processes have now been significant perturbed by human activity.
Sustainability science
The PSR framework explicitly allows for the two-way interaction between nature and society, and it implies a cycle of adaptive/responsive change.
Initial premise: human population growth has consequences. Population growth acoompanied by economic growth, and globalised economy (ease of communications and travel). Urbanisation, increased resource demand, cultural homogenisation?
Most recent data still shows a mixed picture: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/country-wise-ecosystem-damage-area-for-eutrophication-in-europe-1995-2010.