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Bristol Converge food sector workshop 1 introduction
- 1. www www.convergeproject.org Rethinking globalisation in the light of Contraction and CONVERGEnce Vala Ragnarsdottir Dean of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland
- 3. The CONVERGE teamhere today • From the University of Iceland – in addition to me – SigrúnMaríaKristinsdóttir – Charlotte JónsdóttirBiering • From the University of Lund, Sweden – Harald Sverdrup – DenizKoca • From the Schumacher Institute, Bristol – Ian Roderick – Alice Marie Archer – Emmelie Brownlee – Julia
- 4. Converge: Progress towardsequity within the Earth’s biophysical boundaries
- 5. The aim ofthe CONVERGE project • Develop the idea of CONVERGE with societal, economic and ecological perspectives in connection to globalisation • Test CONVERGE as a framework for holistic indicators • Evaluate whether national, EU and international policies and agreements are opposite or support convergence processes and test the CONVERGE framework with communities and stakeholders
- 6. Aims cont. • Evaluatehow different methods of community engagement can work towards the development of sustainable communities in the North and South, and test the CONVERGE framework with stakeholders • Find convergence methodologies from case studies • Use interdisciplinary methodologies to evaluate outcomes, and develop new understanding in acrossdisciplinary framework
- 7. Aims cont. • Recommendhow CONVERGE can fit into the inner and outer policies of the EU • Distribute CONVERGE to different users through a variety of media
- 8. Focus on food •Communities tested – Iceland (an island – 320,000 people) – Bristol city (400,000 people) – Villages in Tamil Nadu (SCAD) – Communities where framework presented • Lund, Sweden • Gödöllö, Hungary
- 9. Stakeholder workshops • 3workshops with systems analysis inbetween • One meeting where framework presented • Systems dynamics model given to participants
- 10. Methodology to developthe CONVERGE framework: systems thinking • The Natural Step • The ISIS compass • Systems analysis – Systems dynamics • Stakeholder workshops
- 11. How do weuse the Earh´s resources and an equitable manner? Sverdrup et al.
- 12.
- 13. The Earth isshrinking 1900 1950 1987 2005 2030 2050 7.91 5.15 2.60 2.02 1.69 1.44 YEAR Hectar of surface per person Ecological footprint = the land we need to provide daily needs and take up the waste. Now we are using 1.5 Earths per year.
- 14. Rockström et al.2009 Climate change Pollution Ocean acidification Atmospheric Ozon in areosols stratosphere Cycling of N Biodiversity loss Cycling of P Land use change Water use Earth boundaries – we have surpassed 3 of 9
- 15. McDonalds Tourists Telephones Urban Paper Polulation GDP Dams Water population use use Car transport 7 billion people
- 16. Perpetualgrowth? Sverdrup og Ragnarsdottir 2011
- 17. Peakenergy Oil 2005 Coal 2015 Global energy2020 ASPO
- 18. Gold 2000 Silver 2030 Copper 2040 Hubberts Zinc 2030 Lead 2020 Indium 2050 ,,peak” curves for 12 keymetals Iron 2030 Molybdenum Chromium 2050 2050 Nickel 2050 Platinum Phosphate 2000 2030 SverdrupRagnarsdottirKoca2011
- 19. PeakfishPeakphosphate… Fishing Phosphate 2000 Sverdrup og Ragnarsdottir 2011
- 22. From cradle tograve – to cradle to cradle Biomimickry
- 23. Other important problems •Financial systems that don´t understand natural limits • Greed • Corruption
- 25. Humanneeds Subsis- Partici- Idleness tence pation Under- Protection Affection standing Creation Identity Freedom Manfred Max-Neef et al
- 26. Cycles of nature Opensystem with respect to energy Closed system with respect to matter 1) Nothing disappears 2) Everything disperses « Photosynthesis pays the bill » Sustainability is about the ability of human society to continue indefinitely within these natural cycles Slow geological cycles Slow geological cycles (volcanoeruptions and (sedimentation and weathering) mineralization)
- 27. How we influencecycles Physicallyinhibitn ature’sability to run cycles Barriers to people meeting their basic needsworldwide Introduce persistent compounds foreign to Large flows of nature materials from the Earth’s crust
- 28. TNS system conditions:In a sustainable society We’ve eliminated our contribution to… ...the systematic increase in concentrations of substances from the Earth’s crust, ...the systematic increase in concentrations ofsubstances produced by society, ...the systematic increase of physical degradation and destructions of natural systems, ...to conditions that systematically undermine people’s capacity to meet their needs.
- 29. From vision toaction plans Creative Solutions Future Baseline Prioritisation
- 30. Think out ofthe box ,,We cannot solve problems by using the same way of thinking as we had when we created them” Albert Einstein
- 33. Sustainability is... A set of conditions and trends in a given system that can continue indefinitely AtKisson 2008
- 34. Sustainable development is... A directed process of continuous innovation and systemic change in the direction of sustainability AtKisson 2008
- 35. Sustainablity compass– indicators •N =Nature Environment, resources, ecosystems, climate, cultivation • A = Economy Production, consumption, employment, energy, fertiliser Nature • S = Society Economy Society Government, culture, institutions, Well being schools, common issues, education for sustainability, nature protection in constitution, voters • V = Well being Individual health, families, education level, quality of life, happiness, healthy food AtKisson 2008
- 36. Steps towards sustainability • Think long term • Understand systems • Know limits • Protect nature • Change commerce • Show equity • Support innovation (AtKisson 2008)
- 37. Systems thinker • Looksfor the big picture • Looks for the cycle that links cause and effect • Sees how things change with time • Looks for new angles • Evaluates the effect of short term and long term actions • Finds unexpectedafleiðingar AtKisson 2008
- 38. Soil + rock+ oil = people Ragnarsdottir og Sverdrup 2010
- 39. Closing the nutrientcycles Ragnarsdottir og Sverdrup 2010
- 40. Organic farming –Vallanes NE Iceland Agroforestry
- 41. How much foodcan we produce in cities? Vision of Herbert Girardet
- 45. Cuba – citycultivation • Cuba went through “peak oil” 20 years ago - Learned Permaculture – Up to 90% of vegetables cultivated in cities and towns – Car parks, gardens, roofs, pateos, balconies – Peoples health has improved – Communities have strengthened
- 46. Your brainstorming now •An huge eruption has lasted for 3 months in Iceland. • All flights in the northern hemisphere are off. • Oil is expensive and few ships arrive with food; few trucks distribute food to supermarkets. • The city of Bristol and nearby counties have a joint emergency meeting and decide that all food needs be produced in Bristol and its bioregion. • The question is how?
- 47. Spaceship Bristol-bioregion 1. Imaginesustainable Bristol 1. How does it look like? 2. Where are we now? (baseline) – remember that the baseline today is not the same as after a 3 month eruption in Iceland 3. Then find steps from the future to the present (connect step 1 to step 2)
- 48.
- 49. Dig for victory Rememberhow the gardens were changed from flower beds to vegetable patches during the war! Talk to your mothers/grandmothers!
- 50. Conventional fertilizer • N:P:Kin different proportions • When phosphate mines empty and energy is limited – what fertiliser will we use?
- 51. A few suggestions •Close all cycles • Waste from one process used as resource for another • Societal equity is prevalent
- 52. CONVERGE principles • Convergencefor sustainability is the progress towards human equity within biological planetary boundaries. • In a converging society, every global citizen has the right to a fair share of the Earth’s bio-capacity and the opportunity for secured human wellbeing. • In a converging society, people have the opportunity to meet their basic human needs. • In a converging society, nature is systematically cared for, maintained and restored. • A converging society is aware of the fact that everything humans have and use comes from nature. In a converging society, nature’s resource inflow to society is recognized and the focus is on using resources in the least harmful way possible. • A converging society deals with its outflow (waste), using the four R’s as a guideline – reduce, recycle, refuse and reuse. It is a circular society (as opposed to a throw-away society) that has learned from nature.
- 53. Principles cont • Aconverging society is aware of the fact that everything humans have and use comes from nature. • In a converging society, nature’s resource inflow to society is recognized and the focus is on using resources in the least harmful way possible.
- 54. Principles cont. • Aconverging society deals with its outflow (waste), using the four R’s as a guideline – reduce, recycle, refuse and reuse. It is a circular society (as opposed to a throw-away society) that has learned from nature.
- 55. Harald and Deniztake over
Editor's Notes
- #15 Feel free to use this as well if you want toWe are in overshoot – living beyond our means.
- #26 We also know that the system is... ...a closed system to matter ...an open system to energy (from the sun, heat being let out into space) ...has some very slow geological cycles where materials are introduced to the biosphere slowly through volcanos, erosion... but taken out of the biosphere at abou the same (or more quickly) rate through sedimentation, etc natures cycles is also slowIn essence this means that sustainability menas that society exists within these cycles and that the cycles can go on indefinetely.
- #27 (Include here or not?)Here’s one example of the type of needs that we are referring to.
- #29 So, if we know all of these things about how the system works, then we can also tell how the system can be overloaded.You’ve done the e-learning, so you should be ableto help out. There are four things that are causing unsustainability, what are they?(Allow the audince to answer and then go through them one by one)----------------Note: I ahven’t checked the text below) ------------------------------ -So, how are we overloading the system?1. We are taking more out of the ground than is going back in – metals and minerals that are scare in nature that are toxifying the system. We are releasing billions of years of sequestered materials over a short period of time into the biosphere. Nature cannot tolerate this as these substances are either directly toxic to the living system or they alter the conditions needed to support life.And instead of redesigning society to come to grips with the problem, we try to ”fix” impact after impact amongst the ”leaves” as they surface – phosphates in lakes, carbondioxide in the atmosphere, sulphourus acid rain, cadmium in kidney’s…And myriads of unknown impacts are looming in the future from increasing concentrations of silver, zinc, platina…all approaching unknown ecotoxic thresholds for impacts.2. We are emitting more waste products than nature can process, with a systematic accumulation of both solid and gaseous waste. Instead of correcting the principle design error, we try to ”fix” problems from nitrogen oxides in the sea, CFC’s in the atmosphere, pesticides on cropland, and endocrine disruptorsin our foods. 3. We are physically inhibiting the ability of nature to run its cycles by clogging up the system with excess toxins and by reducing nature’s restorative capacity - more and more asphalt on fertile land, lower and lower ground water tables from irrigation, more and more encroachment on marine systems from overfishing, and loss of biodiversity from deforestation. 4. Finally, the Societal economy is so designed that it destroys the social tissue. We mostly take care of our families, friends, and colleagues but we don’t see the consequences of our actions in other parts of the world – perhaps from suppliers in the developing world. We often and unintentionally don’t allow them to meet their needs, and act as if we didn’t understand that this will – sooner or later – lead to serious consequences, also from a self-beneficial point of view and just like with the destruction of the ecosystems.