Here are a few thoughts on ecosystem services:
- Ecosystem services does not necessarily have to be about money. The original concept focused more broadly on the benefits humans receive from nature. Monetary valuation is one approach, but not the only way to assess value.
- Defining ecosystem values in monetary terms has both benefits and limitations. It can help raise awareness and influence policymakers, but also risks reducing nature to an economic commodity. Non-monetary approaches are needed to capture aspects like cultural, spiritual or intrinsic values.
- Alternative approaches to valuation include deliberative methods like citizens' juries that incorporate social and ethical considerations. Multi-criteria analysis can also integrate monetary with non-monetary indicators. Indigenous and traditional knowledge
Greening in the Red Zone - Valuing Community-based Ecological Restoration in ...Keith G. Tidball
Presentation given Oct 17, 2012
CUNY Center for Urban Environmental Reform
CUNY School of Law
2 Court Square
Long Island City, NY
11101
A presentation of the
New York City Urban Field Station
Quarterly Research Seminar Series
A partnership between the
USDA Forest Service
and
New York City Department of
Parks and Recreation
MDGs and Global Environmental Change - Governance, Innovation and LearningEuforic Services
Presentation by Andreas Rechkemmer (IHDP) during the High Level Policy Forum - After 2015: Promoting Pro-poor Policy after the MDGs - Brussels, 23 June 2009 - http://www.bit.ly/after2015
Greening in the Red Zone - Valuing Community-based Ecological Restoration in ...Keith G. Tidball
Presentation given Oct 17, 2012
CUNY Center for Urban Environmental Reform
CUNY School of Law
2 Court Square
Long Island City, NY
11101
A presentation of the
New York City Urban Field Station
Quarterly Research Seminar Series
A partnership between the
USDA Forest Service
and
New York City Department of
Parks and Recreation
MDGs and Global Environmental Change - Governance, Innovation and LearningEuforic Services
Presentation by Andreas Rechkemmer (IHDP) during the High Level Policy Forum - After 2015: Promoting Pro-poor Policy after the MDGs - Brussels, 23 June 2009 - http://www.bit.ly/after2015
The Value of Nature - The National Ecosystem Assessment
Dr Megan Tierney, Programme Officer, Ecosystem Assessment Programme, UNEP-WCMC
Andrew Church, Professor of Human Geography, University of Brighton
A reading material
Includes wildlife biology, Policy and legislation, Habitat Management, Protected area management, and Planning of Wildlife and PAs.
Students of Masters in Science In Forestry at Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry Pokhara
Here is Vala's presentation that she gave to the Converge Project's 1st Food Sector Modelling Workshop in Bristol UK on November 2nd 2011. More on this project can be found at www.convergeproject.org
Topic 1.1 environmental value systems for the IB ESS Course.
What is an Environmental Value System?
What influence your EVS?
How are Environmental Values a System?
Spectrum of EVS
Historical Influences on the environmental movement
Case study: Zakouma National Park shifting Environmental Values
DE presentation to IISD on May 7, 2008. Title: Amazon Resilience and Busines...DE Design and Environment
Presentation given to the Natural Resources Management Group of the International Institute for Sustainable Development on May 7, 2008. The topics were: Estimating Resilience of Amazonian Ecosystems and Design and Business Evolution
Sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservationMarco Pautasso
Sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservation: are they both possible? Public understanding of biodiversity, biogeographic predictors of biodiversity threat, climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, temporal trends in green space visits and time spent travelling, sustainability
Barriers & Opportunities to Payments for Ecosystem Services in EnglandAberdeen CES
Presentation given by Steve Smith from Scott Wilson URS about preliminary findings from research commissioned by Defra into barriers and opportunities for PES in England
The Value of Nature - The National Ecosystem Assessment
Dr Megan Tierney, Programme Officer, Ecosystem Assessment Programme, UNEP-WCMC
Andrew Church, Professor of Human Geography, University of Brighton
A reading material
Includes wildlife biology, Policy and legislation, Habitat Management, Protected area management, and Planning of Wildlife and PAs.
Students of Masters in Science In Forestry at Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry Pokhara
Here is Vala's presentation that she gave to the Converge Project's 1st Food Sector Modelling Workshop in Bristol UK on November 2nd 2011. More on this project can be found at www.convergeproject.org
Topic 1.1 environmental value systems for the IB ESS Course.
What is an Environmental Value System?
What influence your EVS?
How are Environmental Values a System?
Spectrum of EVS
Historical Influences on the environmental movement
Case study: Zakouma National Park shifting Environmental Values
DE presentation to IISD on May 7, 2008. Title: Amazon Resilience and Busines...DE Design and Environment
Presentation given to the Natural Resources Management Group of the International Institute for Sustainable Development on May 7, 2008. The topics were: Estimating Resilience of Amazonian Ecosystems and Design and Business Evolution
Sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservationMarco Pautasso
Sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservation: are they both possible? Public understanding of biodiversity, biogeographic predictors of biodiversity threat, climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, temporal trends in green space visits and time spent travelling, sustainability
Barriers & Opportunities to Payments for Ecosystem Services in EnglandAberdeen CES
Presentation given by Steve Smith from Scott Wilson URS about preliminary findings from research commissioned by Defra into barriers and opportunities for PES in England
IARU Global Challenges 2014 Cornell Tracking our declineSarah Cornell
There is growing attention to the global risks - not just local impacts - of present rates of biodiversity loss. It is worth keeping in mind that 'biodiversity loss' actually means the destruction (sometimes irreversible) – by us, people – of living organisms, Earth's 'genetic library', species, ecosystems and habitats. The fact that ecosystems are complex, adaptive, and locally specific means they can't be adequately represented in a single global measure. But without any overarching global perspective on losses, the locally contingent measures are 'untethered' to the real risks of systemic change. Scientists of many kinds are rising to the transdisciplinary challenge of dealing with this complexity in the face of global drivers of change (climate change, development pressures), recognizing that it is a challenge for everyone, not just academia.
Odds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring) degraded landscapesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Lalisa A. Duguma at "Odds and ends for restoring landscapes through agroforestry" Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Placing Our University Campuses in the Context of their Regional Landscapeshealthycampuses
Lael Parrott, Director of the Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services (BRAES), UBC Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada, presented at the 2015 International Conference on Health Promoting Universities and Colleges.
Conventional approaches to sustainability focus on a harm reduction and damage limitation agenda. The theoretical emergence of regenerative sustainability argues we should place social and ecological imperatives on equal footing, organizing around the idea that human activity can simultaneously improve environmental and human wellbeing. This session was used to explore the potential and practice of this sustainability narrative on higher education campuses. Universities and other higher education settings are unique in their ability to serve as living labs and agents of change for sustainability: they are single owner/occupiers, have a public mandate to create new knowledge and practices for community benefit, and integrate teaching and learning. To that end, UBC is transforming its campuses into living laboratories for sustainability. Faculty, staff and students, along with private, public and NGO sector partners, use the University’s physical setting, as well education and research capabilities, to test, study, teach, apply and share lessons learned, technologies created and policies developed. This talk reported on how academic and operational sustainability activities can support a vision for enhancing environmental and human well-being.
Borderland highlander ethnic minorities of northern Thailand in transition: L...ILRI
Presented by Manoj Potapohn, Kwanchai Kreausukon, Chongchit Sripun Robert, Lamar Robert, Akeua Unahalekhaka, Sumalee Lirtmunlikaporn, Jennifer Steele, Karin Hamilton, Tawatchai Apidechkul and Bruce A. Wilcox at the Ecohealth 2012 conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012
Similar to Ecosystem services - the Climbeco critique (20)
IARU Global Challenges 2014 Cornell Governance gapsSarah Cornell
The Global Gap: discussing the science/policy/society governance landscape for climate, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution and nutrient (N&P) management.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
2. “There are increasing opportunities for the gritty but
urgently-needed discussions about the
purpose, scope, tacit assumptions, shortcomings
and future challenges of the ecosystem services
concept.
If you see one, do join in!”
3. “There are increasing opportunities for the gritty but
urgently-needed discussions about the
purpose, scope, tacit assumptions, shortcomings
and future challenges of the ecosystem services
concept.
If you see one, do join in!”
I base my view that these discussions are needed on my
own transdisciplinary research trajectory
5. See my Procedia 2011 discussion
Ecosystem Services:
The timeline of concept uptake
First proposed analysisof the economic value of „nature‟s services‟ Westman 1977
1980s
Attention to the unsubstitutability of living resources, unlike other Ehrlich & Mooney 1983
economic resources
„Natural capital‟ – a focus on „global account‟ valuations, quantification Costanza& Daly 1992
Ehrlich & Ehrlich 1992
Policy shift – „integrating ecology‟ into natural resource management Brown& Macleod 1996
Environmental economics – marginal valuations for inclusion in cost- Pearce et al. 1996
benefit analysis
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA): global picture of MA 2005
environmental degradation, biodiversity loss – risks of serious impacts
to society (but not framed in economic terms)
Potsdam initiative of G8+5 nations initiates major study, „The G8 Summit 2007
Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity’ and commits partners Sukhdev et al. 2008
to create financial mechanisms for „ecosystem services‟ markets.
ten Brink et al.2009.
Now
Economics – specifically, monetary valuation – has a
pivotal geopolitical role in ecosystem conservation.
6. Note the differences – one is framed in terms of the environment, the
other is human-centred. This tension (or split) is evident in much of the
ecosystem services discourse.
Definition(s)
“the conditions and processes through which
natural ecosystems, and the species that make
them up, sustain and fulfill human life”
Daily, 1997
“the benefits to humans that well-
functioning ecosystems provide”
MA 2005
7. Ecosystem:
A unit consisting of a community of
organisms and their environment
„Stable‟ unit with dynamic relationships
within community and
with surrounding environment
plants animals microorganisms
8. Physical controls Ecosystem
Structure analysis
Processes
Ecosystem functions
Coastal habitat example
from Thom et al. 2005
9. Making the leap –
Functions Service Provision
de Groot et al.‟s (2002) typology of
ecosystem functions:
• 4 functions (categories used in MA 2005)
• provisioning, regulating, supporting, cultural
• 23 sub-functions
• 37 goods and services derived
The Adam & Eve paradigm:
“be fruitful and increase in number;
fill the earth and subdue it…”
10. Ecosystem Function Ecosystem Process and Goods and Services
Components
Regulation functions Maintenance of essential
ecological processes
and life support processes
Gas regulation Biogeochemical cycling UVb protection by ozone
Climate regulation Influence of land-cover Maintenance of a favourable
vegetation type climate
Water supply Filtering, retention, and storage Provision of water for
of water consumption
Habitat (supporting) Providing habitat for plant and
functions animal species
Niche availability Maintenance of biological and
Refugium function genetic diversity (and hence
most other functions)
Production functions Provision of food and fibre
Raw materials Conversion of solar energy into Fuel, structural materials
edible plants and animals
Information functions Providing opportunities for
cognitive development Use of nature as motive in
Cultural and artistic information books, film, and painting
11. de Groot et al.
proposed this in 2002
To discuss:
• What is the basis of inclusion or definition of these different categories?
• What are the implications of showing the correspondence of services
to functions in this way?
• How do these categories relate to ecology? And to economics?
12. By 2005, a major international
synthesis effort had produced this…
First thing: note the power of an
impressively complex and symmetrical image…
Secondly, note the gaps and loose articulation.
Third, note the strong, narrow and arguably culturally
biased overarching expression of well-being.
Do you agree with it? Who proposed it?
Where was the debate?
13. institutions and
human judgments
determining
management/restoration (use of) services
Ecosystems and Biodiversity
feedback between
value perception and
Biophysical use of ecosystem
Structure services
or Process Human wellbeing
(socio-cultural context)
Function
Service
Benefit(s)
(Economic)
The concept is being refined – Value
see the TEEB pathway
(de Groot et al., 2010)
14. What is new in TEEB?
“An important difference we adopt here, as compared to the
MA, is the omission of Supporting Services such as nutrient
cycling and food-chain dynamics, which are seen in TEEB as a
subset of ecological processes.
Instead, the Habitat Service has been identified as a
separate category to highlight the importance of ecosystems to
provide habitat for migratory species (eg, as nurseries) and
gene-pool “protectors” (eg, natural habitats allowing natural
selection processes to maintain the vitality of the gene pool).
The availability of these services is directly dependent on the
state of the habitat (habitat requirements) providing the
service.”
(de Groot et al., 2010)
15. ECOSYSTEM SOCIAL SYSTEM
social-ecological system
A. TEEB interlinkages and interactions
Structure
Function
Services
Benefits
Process Values
Production Provisioning eg:
Habitat Regulation Regulating food, raw materials,
Information Cultural flood prevention,
underpinned by recreation
Habitat services
B. „Oxfam Doughnut‟ Social foundation:
Environmental ‘ceiling’: meeting human needs
recognising and respecting and avoiding critical
Earth system boundaries human deprivations
C. DPSIR Pressure Driving force
State
of environment Impact
Response
17. What is
economics?
Economics is the study of how individuals and groups
make decisions with limited resources
so as to best satisfy their wants, needs, and desires
(Mike Moffatt, U Western Ontario)
Values, preferences (and attitudes)
Production, distribution, consumption
of goods and services
Equity, efficiency, effectiveness
(and legitimacy)
18. Key role of assumptions:
Equilibrium
Perfect knowledge, rationality
Fixed preferences
Ceteris paribus
Opportunity cost
How do these relate
to properties of
ecosystems?
Sen, AK, Last AGM and Quirk R (1986) Prediction and Economic Theory [and Discussion]
Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 407 3-23
19. Why is there so much unsustainability?
Externalities matter –
Costs (or benefits) that are
external to the market
eg,the price of fertilizer does not include the
cost of water remediation
A consequence of the fact that nobody owns
the natural environment can be that it is valued
at zero…
(Pearce, Markandya and Barbier)
… but environmental costs can be very significant
20. Why is there so much unsustainability?
Market failure
The economics of pollution – pollution can be understood as an externality problem and
a market failure.
Identification of the ‘optimal level’ of pollution for marketable permits
• The Coase theorem on trading externalities (transaction costs, property rights) – will it
work in practice?
•Pigouvian taxation – taxing ‘bads’
The ‘tragedy of the commons’ – Nobody or everybody
owns the natural environment
Exploiting these resources gives immediate benefit to an
individual exploiter
The damage to the environment is shared among all of
humanity Hardin, Science (1968)
Thus it makes sense for the individual to exploit more…
22. What are values?
attitudes
beliefs
feelings
preferences
(Raffaelli et al. 2009)
23. How do we measure values?
The tools of environmental economics:
• “Willingness to pay”
• “Willingness to accept compensation” Stated preferences
• Contingent valuation
• Shadow pricing Revealed preferences
• Travel costs
• Hedonic pricing
Surveys of individual preferences,
aggregated in various ways to societal level
Benefit transfer – adapting an estimate of benefits from some
other context
www.ecosystemvaluation.org/dollar_based.htm
24. See Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1992, Turner 1992
Ecocentric value?
Where economics works . . . . . . . . Non-market economic
value
Market value
27. What might affect the value of
Ecosystem Services?
Scarcity, Substitutability… and
Society itself
Science is currently showing us that rather than making marginal
exchanges from a very big quantity of natural capital, we are taking
quite large chunks from a depleting supply.
32. The global policy context embeds
economic valuation
CBD – the Ecosystem Approach, and moves towards PES
The G8+5 nations agreed to the Potsdam Initiative
33. But does economics work for these situations?
Farley J (2008) Valuing Natural Capital: The Limits of Complex Valuation in Complex Systems.
34. Who decides the values, and
how?
Multicriteria analysis – Participatory deliberative processes
more than money
35. “Scientific education involves not simply the apprehension of certain
facts, but also the development of particular intellectual skills and
virtues, and capacities of perception.
The trained ecologist… is able to see hear and even smell in a way
that a person who lacks such training cannot. …At this level,
there is a relationship between a scientific training and ethical
values. A scientific training can issue not only in the traditional
intellectual excellencies – in the capacity to distinguish good from
bad arguments and so on – but also in the capacity to perceive and
feel wonder at the natural world.
For that reason, the ecologist may be able to make not merely good
judgments about the make-up of different ecosystems, but also
good judgments about their value.”
O‟Neill, J. (1993) Ecology, policy and politics: Human well-
being and the natural world. Routledge. p160
36. Spash and Vatn 2006 – values are complex things:
“values are found which represent social and moral
commitments of a non-consequentialist and non-utilitarian
kind, and the context within which values arise is
highly relevant to their expression”
Banzhaf 2010 – decision-makers do not use the evidence…
39. What are your thoughts about
ecosystem services?
Does ecosystem services have to
be about money?
Does it matter if we define the value of our
ecosystems in money terms?
What alternatives are there?