Materials that conduct electricity easily are called conductors, like metals which have loose electrons that allow current to flow. Insulators do not conduct electricity as easily and include most non-metals. Some liquids and graphite can also conduct, while gases typically do not. An electric circuit is a closed loop that allows current to flow, and can be represented by a circuit diagram showing how elements are connected. Ammeters measure current by being connected in series, while voltmeters measure potential difference by being connected in parallel across elements.

1. SCIPHY
LEARNING SCIENCE .

2. Part -04
ELECTRICITY (class 10)

3. INSULATORS AND
CONDUCTORS
 Materials that conduct electricity are called good
conductors or simply conductor, and materials which do
not conduct electricity easily are called insulators.
 Generally all metals conduct electricity because they
have some loosely bound free electrons, which flow
when a potential difference is applied.
 Silver is the best conductor.
 Despite, being a form of carbon(non-metal),Graphite is a
conductor of electricity.

4. INSULATORS AND
CONDUCTORS
 Certain liquids also conduct electricity . While distilled
water is an insulator, addition of certain salts , acid or
base allows it to conduct electricity. Under normal
circumstances , gases do not conduct electricity.

5. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
 A closed path in which a current can flow is called an
Electric circuit.
 A circuit may be represented by a diagram that uses
symbols for the elements used in the circuit, showing
how the elements are connected to each other . Such a
diagram is called a circuit diagram.

6. AMMETER AND VOLTMETER.
 Measures current
across elements in
the circuit.
 Always connected in
series.
 After removal ,
current does not
flow.
 Measures potential
difference across
elements in the
circuit.
 Always connected in
parallel.
 After removal,
current flows.
AMMETER VOLTMETER