Scientific temper refers to a scientific attitude of questioning received wisdom, using evidence-based reasoning and material explanations for natural and social phenomena. It involves critical thinking and recognizing that scientific theories are continually improved as new evidence emerges, with no ultimate truth. Scientific temper is more than just the scientific method - it involves complex conceptual models, observations using sophisticated instruments, and theory development through leaps of imagination confirmed by later evidence. Scientific and technological developments also impact society, requiring evaluation of social costs and benefits, ethics, and public participation in decision making. While personal beliefs are acceptable, scientific temper questions beliefs that directly contradict scientific evidence or affect others.