science and its relevence

1. JERNIT MERIN JOHNSON
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
SCIENCE

2.  Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge")[2][3]:58 is a
systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the
form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.[a]
 Science is related to research, and is normally organized by
a university, a college or a research institute. Contemporary science
is typically subdivided into the natural sciences which study
the material world, the social sciences which study people and
societies, and the formal sciences like mathematics. The formal
sciences are often excluded as they do not depend
on empirical observations.[4] Disciplines which use science like
engineering and medicine may also be considered to be applied
sciences.[5]
 From classical antiquity through the 19th century, science as a type
of knowledge was more closely linked to philosophy than it is now
and, in fact, in the West the term "natural philosophy" encompassed
fields of study that are today associated with science such
as physics, astronomy, medicine, among many others.[6]:3[b] In the
17th and 18th centuries scientists increasingly sought to formulate
knowledge in terms of laws of nature. As a slow process over
centuries, the word "science" became increasingly associated with
what is today known as the scientific method, a structured way to
study the natural world.[7][8]

3.  Modern science
 In modern science, it is regarded as good scientific
practice to aim for principles such as objectivity and
reproducibility, which means that improvised
methodology or bizarre interpretations should be
downplayed, at least unless the scientist rightfully
suspects a paradigm change. It is seen as advantageous
to not deviate too far from the scientific method, which
nonetheless is far more stringently applied in e.g. the
medical sciences than in sociology. The optimal way to
conduct modern science is under constant debate in
the philosophy of science. The English term "science"
often refers to a particularly formal kind
of empirical research, whereas equivalent concepts in
other languages may not distinguish as clearly between
this and rationalist academic research. The acceptance of
the influence of continental philosophy in modern
science may differ between countries and between
individual universities. Advances in modern science are
sometimes used to develop new technology, but also
examine limits to technological development.

4.  History
 Main article: History of science
 Science in a broad sense existed before the modern era and in
many historical civilizations.[c] Modern science is distinct in
its approach and successful in its results, so it now defines
what science is in the strictest sense of the term.[9]
 Science in its original sense was a word for a type of
knowledge rather than a specialized word for the pursuit of
such knowledge. In particular, it was the type of knowledge
which people can communicate to each other and share. For
example, knowledge about the working of natural things was
gathered long before recorded history and led to the
development of complex abstract thought. This is shown by
the construction of complex calendars, techniques for making
poisonous plants edible, public works at national scale, such
which those which harnessed the floodplain of
the Yangtse with reservoirs,[10] dams, and dikes, and buildings
such as the Pyramids. However, no consistent conscientious
distinction was made between knowledge of such things,
which are true in every community, and other types of
communal knowledge, such as mythologies and legal
systems.