This document discusses scientific literacy and the importance of teaching the nature of science (NOS) and history of science. It defines NOS as systematic gathering of information through observations and testing, which should be taught alongside scientific practices. The history of science covers developments from ancient times to present across natural, social, and formal branches. The document also describes inquiry-based science teaching, where students investigate problems, develop explanations, and evaluate understandings. NOS and inquiry-based learning are presented as critical to developing scientific literacy and helping students make informed decisions on societal issues.