This presentation explains vectors and scalars, their methods of representation, their products and other basic things about vectors and scalars with examples and sample problems.
This presentation is as per the course of DAE Electronics ELECT-212.
3-1 VECTORS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
3.01 Add vectors by drawing them in head-to-tail arrangements, applying the commutative and associative laws.
3.02 Subtract a vector from a second one.
3.03 Calculate the components of a vector on a given coordinate system, showing them in a drawing.
3.04 Given the components of a vector, draw the vector
and determine its magnitude and orientation.
3.05 Convert angle measures between degrees and radians.
3-2 UNIT VECTORS, ADDING VECTORS BY COMPONENTS
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
3.06 Convert a vector between magnitude-angle and unit vector notations.
3.07 Add and subtract vectors in magnitude-angle notation
and in unit-vector notation.
3.08 Identify that, for a given vector, rotating the coordinate
system about the origin can change the vector’s components but not the vector itself.
etc...
3-1 VECTORS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
3.01 Add vectors by drawing them in head-to-tail arrangements, applying the commutative and associative laws.
3.02 Subtract a vector from a second one.
3.03 Calculate the components of a vector on a given coordinate system, showing them in a drawing.
3.04 Given the components of a vector, draw the vector
and determine its magnitude and orientation.
3.05 Convert angle measures between degrees and radians.
3-2 UNIT VECTORS, ADDING VECTORS BY COMPONENTS
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
3.06 Convert a vector between magnitude-angle and unit vector notations.
3.07 Add and subtract vectors in magnitude-angle notation
and in unit-vector notation.
3.08 Identify that, for a given vector, rotating the coordinate
system about the origin can change the vector’s components but not the vector itself.
etc...
This presentation is about antennas and covers the following topics:
-Antenna
-Hertzian dipole
-Half wave dipole
-Dipole antenna
-Quarter wave monopole antenna
-Antenna characteristics
This presentation is as per the course of DAE Electronics ELECT-212.
This Presentation is about Transmission Lines and covers the following topics:
-Transmission Lines
-Transmission Line Parameters
-Transmission Line Equations
This presentation is as per the course of DAE Electronics ELECT-212.
This presentation is about Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves and covers the following topics:
-Introduction to EM Waves
-Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum
-Wave Propagation in Lossy Dielectrics
-Plane Waves in Free Space
-Properties of EM Waves
This presentation is as per the course of DAE Electronics ELECT-212.
This presentation is about Electric Fields in material space and briefly describes the following topics:
-Electric Field
-Conductivity
-Material Types
-Maxwell's Equations
-Gauss's Law
-Faraday Law
-Ampere's Law
This presentation is as per the course of DAE Electronics ELECT-212.
This presentation explains Electrostatic Fields and covers following topics:
-Electrostatic Field
-Coulomb's Law
-Electric Field Intensity
-Electric Flux Density
-Gauss's Law
-Electric Potential
-Electric Dipole
-Electric Flux
-Equipotential Surfaces
This presentation is as per the course of DAE Electronics ELECT-212.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Scalars and Vectors
1. Scalar and Vector
IRFAN SULTAN
INSTRUCTOR (TELECOM.)
GOVT. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, PINDI-BHATTIAN
TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY (TEVTA)
2. Objectives
Understand Vector Algebra
Scalars and Vectors
Unit Vector
Vector addition and Subtraction
Position and Distance Vectors
Vector Multiplication
Components of a Vector
4. Scalar
Scalars are the quantities which only need Magnitude for their description.
Examples:
Time
Mass
Distance
Temperature
Electrical Potential
5. Vector
Vectors are the quantities which need both, Magnitude and Direction, for their
description.
Examples:
Velocity
Force
Displacement
Electric Field Intensity
6. Function
If a quantity is dependent upon another quantity then it is called Function of that
independent quantity.
y = 2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 4
In both of these examples 𝑥 is independent quantity and 𝑦 is dependent upon 𝑥 and
𝑦 is called a function of 𝑥.
7. Field
A Field is a function which is used to express a quantity in 3-dimensional (3D)
space.
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3𝑧
𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥3 + 2𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦
There are two basic types of fields:
Scalar Field
Vector Field
8. Scalar Field
A scalar field is a function which describe some specific value based on some
variables in 3-dimentional space.
Example:
𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
The function 𝑇 shows the temperature in a room at a point whose position is
described by 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧.
Note that Temperature is a scalar quantity.
Hence scalar fields describe scalar quantities in 3D space.
9. Vector Field
A vector field is a function which describe some specific value based on some
variables and a direction in 3-dimentional space.
Example:
𝑉(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
The function 𝑉 shows the velocity of air in a room at a point whose position is
described by 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧.
Note that Velocity is a vector quantity.
Hence Vector fields describe vector quantities is 3D space.
11. Presentation of a Vector
A vector is shown with an arrow.
The length of the arrow shows the magnitude of the vector.
Direction of the arrow shows the direction of the vector.
12. Presentation of a vector
Vectors are denoted with letters.
A letter in bold-face represents a vector. E.g. A or a
A small arrow at the top of a letter shows that the letter is denoting
a vector quantity
^ sign at the top of a letter is used to represent unit vectors.
14. Unit Vector
A vector whose magnitude is One(1) is called a unit vector.
𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑋 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1 𝑋 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1 𝑋 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
This equation shows that a unit vector is used to show the direction
of a vector.
Unit Means One
15. How to make a unit vector?
If a vector is divide by its magnitude, the resultant vector would have a unit (1) magnitude and
would be in the direction of the vector, and hence would be called as the unit vector of that vector.
16. A unit vector in 3-Dimensions
Magnitude of a vector is given by the following formula:
𝑨 = 𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐴𝑦2 + 𝐴𝑧2
Hence the unit vector of A would be:
𝒂𝒙 =
𝑨
𝑨
=
𝐴𝑥𝒊 + 𝐴𝑦𝒋 + 𝐴𝑧𝒌
𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐴𝑦2 + 𝐴𝑧2
19. Vector Addition
To or more vectors are added to get a third vector which is sum of the vectors.
Two methods are used for addition of vectors:
Head and Tail (Head-to-Tail) Rule
Parallelogram Rule
20. Head and Tail Rule
The method of vector addition in which head of
first vector is joined with the tail of 2nd vector
and the head of vector is joined with the tail of
third vector, and so on.
The vector from the tail of 1st vector to the head
of last vector gives the sum of all the vectors and
is called Resultant vector.
21. Parallelogram Rule
The method of vector addition in which a parallelogram is formed from the two
vectors which are to be added.
22. Vector Subtraction
It is just like the addition of vectors. The only difference is that the vector(s) to be
subtracted is(are) reversed in direction and then added to the vector.
28. Position Vector
A vector that gives the position of a point w.r.t origin is called the position
vector for that point.
Position vector in two dimensions
A position vector for
a point P would be
written as:
𝒓𝒑 = 𝑂𝑃
30. Distance Vector
A vector that gives the displacement between two points is called distance vector.
Distance vector from point B to point A is written an:
𝒓𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵𝐴
37. Concept of Vector Multiplication
When two vector are multiplied together, the result is either:
Vector
OR
Scalar
It gives rise to two types of Vector Multiplication
Scalar Product (Dot Product)
Vector Product (Cross Product)
38. Scalar (Dot) Product
If the result of multiplication of two vectors is a scalar quantity, the product is called Scalar
Product. Since the sign of Dot (.) is used to denote this type of vector multiplication, it is also
called Dot Product.
The formula for dot product of two vector A and B is:
𝐴. 𝐵 = 𝐴 𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
OR
Where, Ax, Ay and Az are components of Vector A
And Bx, By and Bz are components of vector B.
40. Properties of Dot Product
If 𝑨 ⊥ 𝑩 then 𝑨. 𝑩 = 0
If 𝑨 || 𝑩 then 𝑨. 𝑩 = 𝐴 |𝐵|
Dot Product obeys Commutative Law.
𝑨. 𝑩 = 𝑩. 𝑨
Dot Product does not obey Associative Law.
𝑨. 𝑩. 𝑪 ≠ (𝑨. 𝑩). 𝑪
Scalar Multiplication
c1A.c2B = c1c2 A.B
Dot Product obeys Distributive Law.
𝑨. 𝑩 + 𝑪 = 𝑨. 𝑩 + 𝑨. 𝑪
scalar multiplication property is
sometimes called the "associative
law for scalar and dot product"
41. Properties of Dot Product
Dot Product of a Vector with itself equals the square of magnitude of that vector.
𝑨. 𝑨 = |𝑨|2 = 𝐴2
For any unit vector:
𝒂𝒙. 𝒂𝒙 = 1
𝒂𝒚. 𝒂𝒚 = 1
𝒂𝒛. 𝒂𝒛 = 1
𝒂𝒙. 𝒂𝒚 = 0
𝒂𝒚. 𝒂𝒛 = 0
𝒂𝒛. 𝒂𝒙 = 0
42. Applications of Dot Product
Generally Dot Product is used:
To find angle between two vectors.
To find components of a vector in a specific direction.
To find Work Done due to a constant force.
43. Vector(Cross) Product
If the result of multiplication of two vectors is a vector quantity, the product is called Vector
Product. Since the sign of Cross (X) is used to denote this type of vector multiplication, it is also
called Cross Product.
The formula for cross product of two vector A and B is:
𝐴. 𝐵 = 𝐴 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑛
OR
𝐴 × 𝐵 =
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝐴𝑥 𝐴𝑦 𝐴𝑧
𝐵𝑥 𝐵𝑦 𝐵𝑧
Where, Ax, Ay and Az are components of Vector A
And Bx, By and Bz are components of vector B.