Scaffolding and Upper Flooring
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This document discusses scaffolding and shoring techniques used during construction. It describes how shoring provides temporary stability to structures during repairs or alterations by supporting areas where defective portions have been removed or where uneven settling is a risk. Specific shoring techniques are outlined, including raking shores which involve inclined wooden beams anchored into the ground at a 45-75 degree angle and braced to support walls. Proper spacing and sizing of rakers is emphasized based on the anticipated wall thrust. Bricklayer scaffolds are also summarized, involving vertical support beams secured in the ground and connected by horizontal beams every 120-150 cm to provide a working platform for masons.
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The balanced cantilever method is used to construct bridges with spans between 50-250m. It involves erecting segments on each side of the pier in a balanced sequence to minimize load imbalance and bending in the piers. This method is advantageous for long spans, marine environments, and where access under the deck is difficult. The cantilever lengths are typically 0.20-0.30 of the main span. Segment construction proceeds until the midspan point is reached, where the balanced pair is closed. The key advantages are single-sided support during construction and uniform construction. However, it is also very expensive and complicated to construct.
Cofferdam
1. A cofferdam is a temporary structure built around construction sites located underwater to allow workers to perform construction in a dry environment. It is constructed by driving sheet piling into the ground and placing concrete along the bottom to seal it off from water seepage.
2. The main types of cofferdams are braced, earth-type, timber crib, double-walled sheet pile, and cellular. Their construction involves setting up sheet piling, installing bracing frames, placing a concrete seal, and sometimes using bearing piles before dewatering the site.
3. Safety is the top priority in cofferdam construction due to the risk of flooding. Proper design, construction oversight
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- 2. WOODGROVE BANK SHORING • It is the means of providing support to get stability of a structure temporarily under certain circumstances during construction, repair or alteration. 3
- 3. WOODGROVE BANK APPLICATIONS Such circumstance arises when… • 1. The stability of a structure is endangered due to removal of a defective portion of the structure. • 2. The stability of a structure is endangered due to unequal settlement during construction itself or in long run. • 3. Certain alterations are to be done in present structure itself. Eg: remodeling of walls, changing position of windows etc. 4
- 4. WOODGROVE BANK 1. RAKING OR INCLINED SHORE 3
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