Hypofractionation in early breast cancer is no more a research scholars topic. Multiple studies with robust data have proven its utility. It may hold an important role in many countries with constrained resources. This is a short presentation incorporating important completed and ongoing trials. Feel free to use this.
Hypofractionation in early breast cancer is no more a research scholars topic. Multiple studies with robust data have proven its utility. It may hold an important role in many countries with constrained resources. This is a short presentation incorporating important completed and ongoing trials. Feel free to use this.
Evolution of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Breast Cancerkoustavmajumder1986
Hypofractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer is one of the major evolution. It started few decades back. We have to know its history and radiobiological perspective. In this presentation I have tried to cover as much as possible. It would be helpful for all Radiation Oncologist specially the trainees.
Accelerated partial breast irradiation is an alternative to whole breast irradiation in carcinoma breast patients Post breast conserving surgery with equivalent outcome, less duration & less burden on the patient.
Robert Sinha, M.D., Radiation Oncologist .Western Radiation Oncology - Dorothy Schneider Cancer Center - 2013 Mills-Peninsula Health Services Cancer Symposium
Evolution of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Breast Cancerkoustavmajumder1986
Hypofractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer is one of the major evolution. It started few decades back. We have to know its history and radiobiological perspective. In this presentation I have tried to cover as much as possible. It would be helpful for all Radiation Oncologist specially the trainees.
Accelerated partial breast irradiation is an alternative to whole breast irradiation in carcinoma breast patients Post breast conserving surgery with equivalent outcome, less duration & less burden on the patient.
Robert Sinha, M.D., Radiation Oncologist .Western Radiation Oncology - Dorothy Schneider Cancer Center - 2013 Mills-Peninsula Health Services Cancer Symposium
How to defeat lung cancer at earlier stageDaniel Henny
The lung cancer causes a various problem which can be defeat at earlier stage if it is identified at starting time. To know more details about lung cancer and its stages visit the above slide.
the role of brachytherapy in oral cavity carcinoma.
physics of brachytherapy
radiobiology of brachytherapy
clinical application in tongue, buccal mucosa cancer
24° CORSO RESIDENZIALE DI AGGIORNAMENTO
con il patrocinio dell’Associazione Italiana di Radioterapia Oncologica (AIRO)
Moderna Radioterapia, Nuove Tecnologie e Ipofrazionamento della Dose
17 marzo 2014: Trattamenti ipofrazionati ed ipofrazionati-accelerati: nuove possibilità di prevenzione e trattamento della tossicità acuta e tardiva
Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent ct rt versus ct-rt in advanced ...Santam Chakraborty
Small Presentation where the benefit of addition of induction / neoadjuvant chemotherapy to concurrent chemoradiation in head neck cancers is explored.
“Alopecia-less” Whole Brain Radiotherapy: Preliminary Experience and OutcomesTodd Scarbrough
Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is indicated for many patients with brain metastases. Most of these patients develop alopecia with standard WBRT technique (opposed lateral fields). A multi-field, very conformal beam arrangement might limit scalp dose thereby resulting in less or eliminated alopecia toxicity. We present our initial clinical experience with a new technique of WBRT, as well as limited comparative analyses of dosimetric data.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Maxilla, Mandible & Hyoid Bone & Clinical Correlations by Dr. RIG.pptx
SBRT/SABR for Early Stage Lung Cancer: A Brief Overview
1. Stereotactic Body
Radiotherapy (SBRT) for
Early Stage Lung Cancer:
A Brief Overview
Todd J. Scarbrough, M.D. / Medical Director, NEARMC Rad Onc
COC Survey
April 26, 2016
2. A Payor’s Definition of SBRT
1. Tx with high degree of accuracy (i.e. use of image guidance)
2. Tx with high degree of precision (“conformality”)
3. Tx with a high fraction dose ≥5 Gy for ≤5 fractions
3. Precision vs. accuracy in radiation oncology:
IMRT (precise) vs. IGRT (accurate)
IMRT: intensity modulated radiotherapy
IGRT: image guided radiotherapy
Ting JY, Scarbrough TJ. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy and image-guided radiation therapy: small
clinic implementation. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2006 Feb;20(1):63-86.
7. DVH
(dose volume histogram; a
graphical representation of
doses delivered to tumor
targets and normal organs)
tumor
100% dose volume
50% dose volume
In general, we desire maximum dose conformality in our plans…
The relatively rapid fall-off of dose from the 100% to 50% region indicates a
relatively very conformal plan in this situation…
8. DVH
(dose volume histogram; a
graphical representation of
doses delivered to tumor
targets and normal organs)
tumor
100% dose volume
50% dose volume
In general, we desire maximum dose conformality in our plans…
The relatively rapid fall-off of dose from the 100% to 50% region indicates a
relatively very conformal plan in this situation…
Whether treating “standard dose” (e.g.
70 Gy/35 fx) or SBRT (e.g. 60 Gy/3 fx),
maximum conformality is desirable and
achievable. Increased conformality is
empirically expected to lower
complication probabilities (in this case,
lung and soft tissue) no matter the
fractionation scheme.
9. Again… “standard” XRT for early stage lung
CA is different how?
1. Tx with high degree of accuracy (i.e. use of image guidance)
2. Tx with high degree of precision (“conformality”)
3. Tx with a high fraction dose ≥5 Gy for ≤5 fractions
10. “[SBRT] techniques are unusual in the high
technology realm of radiation treatment in
that they require more specialized training
of physicians and physicists rather than
specialized equipment.”
Timmerman et al, Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment –
2003
SBRT: A complete paradigm shift in how we dose & prescribe radiation therapy,
and more of a revolution clinically than technologically…
ALTHOUGH… image guidance technology was not widely available in 2003,
and few would do SBRT without IGRT in2016!
13. “Linear quadratic” formalism where
BED = biologically effective dose
n = number of treatment fractions
d = dose per fraction (Gy)
α/β = 10 Gy for tumor kill; 3 Gy for late effects
Total Dose
(Gy)
No. fractions Late effects
(Gy3)
Tumor kill
(Gy10)
Equiv. total
dose in 2 Gy
fractions for
tumor kill
70 35 117 84 70
48 4 240
105% hotter
106
26% hotter
88
50 5 217
85% hotter
100
19% hotter
84
60 4 360
208% hotter
150
79% hotter
126
60 3 460
293% hotter
180
114% hotter
150
SBRTregimens
We mitigate against this using conformality
(IMRT e.g.) and accuracy (IGRT e.g.).
This is desirable (i.e., the more the better), but
is tempered against late and/or acute effects.
14. Radiation “abscopal” effects are seen much more commonly with high-dose SBRT treatments
“… reduction of tumor burden after ablative RT largely depends on T-cell responses.
Ablative RT dramatically increases T-cell priming in draining lymphoid tissues, leading to
reduction/eradication of the primary tumor or distant metastasis in a CD8+ T cell-
dependent fashion.”
15.
16. Generation of a tumour-specific
immune response through
modification of the tumour and
its microenvironment
Changes in an irradiated tumour (A) promote rejection
by effector T cells (B). Dendritic cells loaded with
tumour antigens migrate to lymph nodes (C) and
activate T cells that inhibit metastases (D). Tumour-
associated macrophages promote progression by
secreting factors that include matrix
metalloproteinases and immunosuppressive cytokines
(E). HMGB-1=high-mobility-group protein B1.
CXCL16=CXC chemokine 16. ICAM-1=intercellular
adhesion molecule 1. MHC-1=major histocompatibility
complex class I. VCAM-1=vascular cell adhesion
molecule 1. MDSC=myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
17. Radiation treatment field for a patient in the abscopal pilot trial with thymic carcinoma. Sagittal (A) and coronal (B) views of two metastatic
lesions in a case of poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma.Two parallel opposed radiation fields treated the most caudal metastasis, deliberately
excluding the apical one.
18. The Standard of Care in Early Stage Lung CA
• American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines in 2007
determined that “surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for stage I and II
NSCLC.”
• Lobectomy or greater anatomical resection has consistently been reported to achieve local
control rates of >90% for stage I NSCL. ACCP guidelines: lobectomy preferred over sublobar
resections (with wedge resection or segmentectomy).
• In patients able to tolerate operative interventions but thought not to be able to undergo a
lobectomy, ACCP clinical practice guidelines recommend sublobar resection over radiation
therapy or other ablative techniques if medically operable.
• HOWEVER… resection as “the” standard does have several limitations.
• 15-20% of patients are unable to undergo or refuse definitive surgical resection.
• National Cancer Data Base study assessing 124,418 major lung resections from 2007
to 2011 found a 30-day mortality rate of 2.8% and 90-day mortality rate of 5.4%
(whereas these rates are ~0% with radiation approaches). Pezzi et al. Ninety-day mortality after
resection for lung cancer is nearly double 30-day mortality. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;148:2269-77.
• Although lobectomy is considered the standard-of-care surgical procedure for stage I
NSCLC, 5-15% of patients require a bilobectomy and another 4-15% require a
pneumonectomy which are known to increase the risk of perioperative mortality
compared with lobectomy.
25. Chang et al. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:630-7.
• The STARS (in the US @ MD Anderson) and ROSEL (@VU Netherlands) trials were
designed to analyze the SBRT vs. surgery question.
• Patients had to have path dx in the STARS but not in the ROSEL. All patients had to be
medically/surgically operable and have T1-2N0 (assessed by staging with suspicious
nodes assessed by sampling) tumors <4 cm.
30. • Small patient numbers, OS p=0.037 in favor of SBRT. Not overwhelming! Recent
matched pair analyses (abstract only, 286 patients total… http://bit.ly/1QxmuyO)
suggest better OS for surgery… but, again, selection bias?
• The idea of radiation and surgery being equals is provocative however… or maybe
not (head/neck cancer, anal cancer, cervical CA, breast mastectomy vs
lumpectomy+XRT, bladder CA, skin CA, etc etc).
31. • Overall survival (OS)
and local control (LC)
outcomes on 8
patients over a ~2.5
year period
• Low patient numbers,
but remember two
international trials
over several years at
large cancer centers
accrued 31 patients!
• OS = 100%
• LC = 100%
• Median survival and
LC not calculable at
this point due to zero
death or failure
events
NEARMC Anniston
SBRT outcomes
2013-2016
35. SBRT patient A.B.
Stage IA NSCLC
(adenosquamous)
56 Gy/4 fx
PET SUV Max 7.8
PRE-TREATMENT
AUGUST 2013
POST-TREATMENT
APRIL 2016
PET SUV Max 1.6
NEARMC 1st SBRT patient
Alive & well ~2.5 years after treatment
36. SUMMARY
•Lung SBRT differs primarily from standard lung XRT (in the “modern clinic”) in
terms of dose/fractionation (this difference is large!)… the difference in terms of
“lung sparing” and precision/accuracy is small because high precision/high accuracy
treatments were already being utilized.
•Lung SBRT is a valid (superior?) treatment option for all patients with Stage I
NSCLC based on the available data. It seemed clear in the past that surgical
methods had higher control rates than radiation therapy… but with SBRT, this
seems much less clear now.
•SBRT dose regimens deliver lower (15-30% less) total treatment regimen doses
than standard radiation therapy, but much higher (500 to 1000% more) daily
fractional doses. It’s the latter difference that likely accounts for higher local control
rates.
•Abscopal effects of XRT are found to be higher at “ablative” doses secondary to T-
cell mediated immune responses. These effects may have clinical implications.
•Active trials in America and Europe are underway looking at surgery vs. SBRT for
Stage I NSCLC. But based on available evidence, SBRT for lung cancer patients is
likely being under-offered/underutilized.