The document discusses several types of cancer screening recommendations from the American Cancer Society. It provides information on screening guidelines for colon and rectal, cervical, lung, breast, and prostate cancers, including the recommended age to begin screening, screening intervals, potential benefits of screening, and number of new cases and deaths each year. Screening can help reduce cancer death rates by detecting cancers early when they are most treatable. However, some types of screening like PSA tests for prostate cancer remain controversial.

1. Cancer Screening

2. Cancer Screening:
looking for cancer before symptoms occur
• Colon/rectal cancer (multiple tests)
• Cervical cancer (Pap, HPV test)
• Lung cancer (chest CAT scans)
• Breast cancer (mammograms)
• Prostate cancer (PSA blood test)

3. Colon/rectal Cancer Screening
 Age 50-75, any one of these:
 Fecal blood test or chemical test
EVERY YEAR
 Fecal DNA test
EVERY 3 YEARS
 Sigmoidoscopy or CT colonograph
EVERY 5 YEARS
 Barium enema
EVERY 5 YEARS
 Colonoscopy
EVERY 10 YEARS
 140,000 new cases per year / 50,000 deaths per year
 ~50% death rate decrease with screenings
 1 in 3 US adults skip screening
ACS Recommendations

4. Cervical Cancer Screening
 Age 21-29
 Pap test
EVERY 3 YEARS
 Age 30-65
 A combination of
Pap and HPV testing
EVERY 3-5 YEARS
 Women over 65 who have had
>10 years of normal tests, and
women with normal tests who’ve
had a hysterectomy:
No Pap test necessary
ACS Recommendations
 12,000 new cases per year / 4,000 deaths per year
 Death rates dropped 50-70% with screening

5. Lung Cancer Screening
 Age 55-74
 Current smoker, or smoked within
last 15 years
 At least a 30 pack-year smoking
history
 Relatively healthy and no symptoms of
lung cancer
 Low-dose chest CT scan
EVERY YEAR
 Lung cancer screening is new (~2016)
 220,000 new cases per year / 60,000 deaths per year
 ~20% death rate reduction with screening
 Potential to save 15,000 lives per year with screening
ACS Recommendations

6. Breast Cancer Screening
 Age 40-44
 Mammograms offered
 Age 45-54
 Mammogram
EVERY YEAR
 Age 55+
 Annual mammogram offered
 Mammogram
EVERY TWO YEARS
 Continue as long as health is good
 Some countries/doctors recommend against
 250,000 new cases per year / 40,000 deaths per year
 ~0-40% reduction in death rates depending on study
ACS Recommendations
Year mammograms became routine

7. Prostate Cancer Screening
 Age 50+
 Opportunity to have the PSA blood
test after informed discussion with
their doctor
EVERY YEAR
 Some countries/doctors recommend against
 161,000 new cases per year / 27,000 deaths per year
 ~25-30% reduction in death rates with screening
ACS Recommendations
Beginning of “PSA era”

8. The UK National
Health Service
stopped routine
PSA screening
of the
population in
2015