The study examined language acquisition in two pygmy chimpanzees (Kanzi and Mulika) over 17 months using a lexigram communication system. Results showed Kanzi and Mulika learned and used lexigrams more spontaneously than previous common chimpanzee subjects. Kanzi demonstrated understanding of spoken English and use of multi-symbol combinations. Formal testing found Kanzi and Mulika performed significantly better than the common chimpanzees at matching lexigrams, photos and spoken words. The researchers concluded language learning may not require innate skills and can occur through cultural learning alone.
Psycholinguistics and foreign language teaching.Tony Viethao
PG20- topics presented by group 4 with contents:
1, Definitions of linguistics 2, Key concepts of psycholinguistics 3, First language acquisition (FLA) 4, Second language learning ( SLL) 5, The similarities & differences between FLA & SLL
Psycholinguistics and foreign language teaching.Tony Viethao
PG20- topics presented by group 4 with contents:
1, Definitions of linguistics 2, Key concepts of psycholinguistics 3, First language acquisition (FLA) 4, Second language learning ( SLL) 5, The similarities & differences between FLA & SLL
Graphic designer, Andy Fuller talks about icons.What icons are and where they come from. He will also talk about an area of his particular specialism which is the use of icons in interfaces, apps and mobile platforms. What makes a good icon? What makes a bad icon? How do you go about developing iconography for your, or your Client's brand?
Andy Fuller runs Designbull, a graphic design agency working for small and large organisations. They specialise in brand identities, icon design, UI design and advertising. He studied Graphic Design with Business Studies and Lettering, Calligraphy and Heraldic Design. He worked with a number of design and advertising agency's before setting up Designbull. Brands he's worked on include Digital River, Going-there.com, Microsoft, NHS, RolandDG and Canon.
Animal and language is one of study which is found in Psycholinguistics. It reveal how the scientists did experiment to some animals based on intelegency (dolphin), vocal cord (bird) and behavior (primates).
Language Acquisition Theories in Linguistics with reference to Linguistic Scholars such as Noam Chomsky, B.f Skinner, Jean Piagot, J.B. Watson, Pavlov, and Vygotsky
Cognitive Imitation in 2-Year Old Children (Homo sapiens): A comparison with...Francys Subiaul
Here we compare the performance of two-year old human children with that of adult rhesus macaques on a cognitive imitation task. The task was to respond, in a particular order, to arbitrary sets of photographs that were presented simultaneously on a touch sensitive video monitor. Because the spatial position of list items was varied from trial to trial, subjects could not learn this task as a series of specific motor responses. On some lists, subjects with no knowledge of the ordinal position of the list items were given the opportunity to learn the order of those items by observing an expert model. Children, like monkeys, learned new lists more rapidly in a social condition where they had the opportunity to observe an experienced model perform the list in question, than under a baseline condition in which they had to learn new lists entirely by trial and error. No differences were observed between the accuracy of each species’ responses to individual items or in the frequencies with which they made different types of errors. These results provide clear evidence that monkeys and humans share the ability to imitate novel cognitive rules (cognitive imitation).
Foreign-language experience in infancy Effects ofshort-termShainaBoling829
Foreign-language experience in infancy: Effects of
short-term exposure and social interaction on
phonetic learning
Patricia K. Kuhl*, Feng-Ming Tsao, and Huei-Mei Liu†
Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, and Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Mailstop 357920, Seattle, WA 98195
Communicated by Michael M. Merzenich, University of California, San Francisco, CA, May 13, 2003 (received for review March 19, 2003)
Infants acquire language with remarkable speed, although little is
known about the mechanisms that underlie the acquisition pro-
cess. Studies of the phonetic units of language have shown that
early in life, infants are capable of discerning differences among
the phonetic units of all languages, including native- and foreign-
language sounds. Between 6 and 12 mo of age, the ability to
discriminate foreign-language phonetic units sharply declines. In
two studies, we investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions
for reversing this decline in foreign-language phonetic perception.
In Experiment 1, 9-mo-old American infants were exposed to
native Mandarin Chinese speakers in 12 laboratory sessions. A
control group also participated in 12 language sessions but heard
only English. Subsequent tests of Mandarin speech perception
demonstrated that exposure to Mandarin reversed the decline
seen in the English control group. In Experiment 2, infants were
exposed to the same foreign-language speakers and materials via
audiovisual or audio-only recordings. The results demonstrated
that exposure to recorded Mandarin, without interpersonal inter-
action, had no effect. Between 9 and 10 mo of age, infants show
phonetic learning from live, but not prerecorded, exposure to a
foreign language, suggesting a learning process that does not
require long-term listening and is enhanced by social interaction.
Language acquisition poses profound questions about thehuman mind and brain that have prompted an ongoing
debate (1). Recently, experimental studies on young infants
suggest a new view of the language acquisition process that goes
beyond classic theories.
Studies show that, during the first year of life, infants acquire
detailed information about the regularities of their native lan-
guage (2–5). Moreover, there is increasing evidence that infant
learning relies on sensitivity to the statistical properties con-
tained in language input. By 6 mo, infants recognize native-
language phonetic categories based on the distributional char-
acteristics of the speech they hear (6, 7). Between 6 and 8 mo,
infants segment words from ongoing speech by detecting tran-
sitional probabilities between syllables (8, 9) and extract the
arithmetic regularity of syllable combinations from sentences
(10). At 9 mo of age, infants are sensitive to the phonotactic rules
governing words, responding to the probability of occurrence of
phonetic sequences (11, 12). By the end of the first year of life,
infants’ perception of speech has been d ...
1. Savage-Rumbaugh et al. (1986) Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus)
2.
3. Kanzi – born in captivity in US (1980) His mother was Matata , a wild- captured bonobo, who was the actual intended subject for the language study Matata was not Kanzi’s biological mother. She had kidnapped him from his mother, Lorel , when he was just a few hours old In 1983, Matata gave birth to Mulika , the second bonobo subject in this research She grew up as Kanzi’s sister PARTICIPANTS / SUBJECTS:
![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Kanzi – a bonobo chimp ( Pan paniscus ) Sherman & Austin – common chimps ( Pan troglodytes ) AIM:](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)