The document discusses satellite television. It provides background on what satellites are and how satellite TV works by transmitting signals from satellites in orbit to receivers on Earth. It notes that satellite TV requires large dishes to receive signals and subscriptions or licenses to access content. The document then discusses the history and development of satellite TV, how different types of satellites are used, and some popular satellite TV channels and networks both internationally and in Pakistan. It also examines the impact of satellite TV on culture and society over time.

1. Topic: satellite T.V
Rida munir butt
Saba ijaz
Misbah bahadur
Kashifa zafar
Aroosa tariq
Students of mass communication and media
studies university of Gujrat

2. Satellite Television
It’s out of sight!
22,300 miles in fact!

4. What is satellite?
An artificial body placed in orbit
around the earth or another planet in
order to collect information or for
communication.

5. Satellite TV:
Satellite television is an electronic
device that is used to receive or
transmit television broadcasts from a
communication satellite that is
orbiting in space.

6. •Satellite TV at first place called direct
broadcast satellite (DBS) because it
bypasses closed-circuit television. it is
immoveable.
•On the second place TVRO satellite
systems have a large dish which is
movable.
•Closed-circuit television is transmitted
by wire to a limited number of people.

7. •Require subscription fees and
licenses.
•DBS is therefore known as narrow
casting, which involves sending
television broadcasts only to
subscribers and not to the general
public. Receivers systems to pick up
signals.

8. NASA and the USAF Space Command are
tracking some 600 active satellites plus
11,000 dead satellites and pieces of orbiting
debris bigger than 10 cm/6 inches

9. From How Stuff Works

10. • In order for a satellite to be used
for television transmission, it must
"hang" over one spot above the
Earth.
• a receiving dish that is constantly
moving, in order to keep up with
the transmitting satellite with the
speed of earth.

11. • Satellite TV is transmitted by
microwaves.
• Avoid abstractions
• Survey the place
• Position the dish
• Satellite Feed Horn Assembly
• Satellite recever

12. A ‘downlink’
Much less expensive than the uplink ..

14. The Clarke Belt
• These satellites appear to be in the
same position in the sky at all
times.
• They are directly over the equator
but not directly over us.
• They are in a line that starts 14
degrees above our Western
Horizon.
• And rises to 42 degrees elevation in
the South

15. 24 Channels on a Satellite
• Numbered 1 to 24
• Odd Number Channels are often
Vertically Polarized...
• Even Number Channels are often
Horizontally Polarized.
• The antenna must line up with the
polarization..

16. Broadcast
Satellites
Ku-bands: DirectTV /News trucks, etc.

17. History

18. Cable and Satellite:
Early Years
• Late 1940s: CATV
(Community Antenna
Television)
• Used to bring broadcast signal
to people in…..

19. •Satellites: Envisioned in 1945 by
science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke
•(author of 2001: A Space Odyssey)
•1958: First satellite launched
(Explorer I)
•1960: Echo satellite launched:
(geosynchronous orbit)

20. • mid-1970s. Big Dish (6.5-10 feet)
satellites appear in rural areas.
• 1994. DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite)
television begins. (3 feet or less)
• DirecTV (owned by News Corp.) and
EchoStar are the main corporations.
• DirecTV merges with EchoStar, 2007--
FCC JUST APPROVED IT BUT NOT
QUITE DONE YET

21. First Communication
Satellite Launched :
• The first communications
satellite, on July 10, 1962,
• Telstar 1, was sent into
orbit. Funded by American
Telephone and Telegraph,
ECHO 1, was launched in
1960.

22. • . The first national network of
satellite television, called Orbita
, was created in Soviet Union in
1967
• The first domestic North American
satellite to carry television was
Canada ’s geostationary Anik 1
, which was launched in 1972
• ATS-6 , the world's first
experimental educational and
Direct Broadcast Satellite , was
launched in 1974

23. Hughes
HS601
Boeing 702
the most
widely used
satellite

24. Satellite TV in Pakistan
• Ptv network
• Virtual University Educational TV
Network
• Aaj tv network
• Ary tv network
• Eye tv
• Atv
• Geo
• Indus
• And many other regional networks

26. Worldwide
• Audience
Animal Planet
Animal
AXN
BBC World News
Cartoon Network
CNBC Pakistan
CNN International
Discovery Channel
ESPN
Fashion TV
Hallmark Channel
HBO
MTV
Nickelodeon
Pogo
Ten Sports
VH1
WB Channel

28. • We are not the broadcast engineers …
• We are the broadcasters of journalism
so we will proceed with
• Content
• Ownership
• Marketing
• News production
• Entertainment production

29. Content
• What to show and what could not
• As any one around the globe can
buy and got its services any where
so its content necessarily present a
clear picture of its society.
• Satellite TV become a vital source
of English language as its content
supports this language.

30. Ownership
• Content is directly effected by ownership of
the channel
• Policies about each and every which is going
to be aired on t.v will be made
• So they determine the wide spread effects of
satellite tv
• Investments are about Rs 2,600 million in
satellite TV by the year 2008.

31. Marketing
• Who is sponsoring your program?
• What they want you to show?
• What's your preferences?

32. News and programming
• Mallala issue Pakistan media
• Delhi case and Indian TV
• American head of CIA scandal and
western media
• Innocence of Muslims and world media
• Ptv home v/s ptv world

33. Pakistani
scenario

34. Pakistani ;perspective
• Satellite channels first landed in
Pakistan in 1992
• over 50 international channels are
available in Pakistan.
• PTV, which was expected to chart
its own course of excellence but
fails to do so.
• Privately owned satellite
televisions like star and zee had
put ptv in dock.

35. • Privately owned Pakistani
satellite channels presenting a
negative image of our norms
values and traditions

36. • . Until that time, the only legal
satellite TV distribution system in
Pakistan was a pay-TV system run by
Shaheen Pay TV Company.
• Now the system has been upgraded
and a good number of international
channels are available through its'
modified MMDS Version – Sun TV .

37. • Geo TV in particular, has been the
exponent of a new vision for middle
class Pakistan in which money and
glamour are the top agenda items
• Satellite music channels, ARY
Music, MTV and Channel V spoiling
the youth.

38. • Many middle class viewers have
switched to GEO, ARY, Indus , BBC and
CNN for news and current affairs, to
Zee or Sony for entertainment, to
Star, 10 Sports and ESPN for
sports, and to Discovery for
science, environment and wildlife

39. Yesterday
, today, tomorr
ow

40. Past
• Less audience
• Less impact
• New technology

41. Present
• Satellite broadcasters have entered
into the arena of competition

42. • International broadcasters are
there to challenge the news aired
by the state TV
• spontaneously providing people
excess to live coverage of
happenings inside and around the
globe.

43. Survey
• According to the survey which rates
countries on a sliding scale of 0 to
100, with 0 representing the most
free and 100 the least free, India
scored 48, Pakistan 60, Bangladesh
49, Sri Lanka 46, Nepal 52, Bhutan
62 and the Maldives 68

44. • These channels have
affected old social and
cultural values, introduced
new fusions of the world.

45. • Satellite music channels have
played an important role in
putting pleasure and consumption
much higher up the agenda than
in the past.

46. • satellite TV through its talk shows
has been to promote far greater
openness about issues like human
rights, women's rights, questions of
choice and career, and relations with
others.

48. English-educated middle class
portrays a wide appreciation for
satellite channels

49. • Today satellite TV has been a means
of reinforcing peoples existing
preferences
• Afshaan , kiran
kahani, tanhaiyan, khul ja sim sim,
• Ishq e mamnu , muhabat jay bar
main, bulbuly,
• Ptv cnn bbc
Mtv, channel V, zee TV star plus geo
……so many

51. Final words……………………