This document discusses challenges facing India's agricultural sector. It notes that around 70% of Indians live in rural areas and are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. However, agricultural growth has slowed to around 3.5% annually in recent decades, and crop yields have increased by only 1.4% per year. The three main challenges are: 1) raising agricultural productivity on limited land and water resources, 2) reducing rural poverty through inclusive strategies that create non-farm jobs, and 3) ensuring agricultural growth supports food security needs as population and incomes rise. Specific issues include outdated research and extension systems, poor irrigation infrastructure, and increasing competition for water.