Towards Cleaner India outlines a two-phase solution to provide clean drinking water and sanitation facilities across India. Phase one involves NGOs conducting workshops to raise awareness of hygiene and sanitation practices in rural villages. Phase two entails private organizations building and maintaining toilets under government contracts. The proposed solution aims to generate employment while establishing strict rules to prevent open defecation and ensure clean facilities. Metrics like disease reduction and fines collected will evaluate the solution's impact and scale. Funding, staffing, corruption and time delays pose challenges to effective implementation.

1. Towards Cleaner India:
Providing clean drinking water
and proper sanitation facility to
all.

2. Towards cleaner India:
Providing clean drinking water and proper sanitation facility to all
India is the 2nd largest country in the world in terms of population with 1.2 billion + people. But about 65 million
living in 35 major cities of India don’t have access to safe drinking water. While 665 million people in India
defecate in open. These problems demand some serious steps to be taken in order to improve the situation.
Points at issue : Issues addressed
1.Lack of safe drinking water in india 1.People’s Mind Set:
To raise awareness of sustainable development and
to promote its visibility and credibility within a community
or society. The ultimate goal is to achieve such a degree of
understanding and motivation that the members of the
community can participate in the decision making at a
more informed level and that they participate in the
realisation of the decisions made.
2. Inadequate water supply is major areas.
20 of the top 40 cities get water for only 4.3 hours
of water supply in a day.
3. People’s mind set is one of the main reason for
defecation in open in the rural area is lack of
awareness among the people.
4. Inadequate sanitation to majority of the
population, particularly in rural India.
2. Inadequate Sanitation Facilities In Rural India:
Inadequate sanitation facilities in rural India costs the
nation about Rs 2.4 trillion. These include lack of
infrastructure to manage human excreta, solid waste and
drainage.
.
5. 88% of deaths occurring due to diarrhoea occur
due to unsafe drinking water and improper
sanitation.

3. Overview of the proposed solution
The proposed solution has two major phases.First phase deals with creation of awareness to the people in rural areas
by conducting effective workshops by NGOs in the villages which realise the importance of the proper sanitation. And the
second phase deals with the construction and maintenance of toilets by Private organisation under the contract by
Government.
Phase-I
Effective Workshops by NGOs
Any solution proposed to be implemented will go down the drain, if peoples’ mindset remains stagnant. There has to be
awareness amidst people and they must learn the importance of practicing proper sanitation and staying hygienic. If
this aspect is ignored then the result will not be satisfactory. Hence, this problem needs an immediate and efficient
solution.
We work for an organization called R.I.S.E (Revolutionizing India through Social Empowerment), works for the
welfare of the society and addresses issues such as these, recently a ‘Save Kengeri Lake’ campaign was conducted by
R.I.S.E in bangalore. There are innumerable organizations that work for similar causes. We propose the collaboration
of such organizations and conduct workshops on sanitation in the rural areas.

4. When educating the rural people, utmost care has to be taken especially regarding sanitation. Hence the workshop
curriculum must be planned with a lot of thought process.
Questions that will be answered are:-
➔ What is proper sanitation?
➔ Why should they practice proper sanitation?
➔ Ill-effects of not practising proper sanitation.
➔ Citation of examples where people have suffered due to lack of proper sanitation.
➔ Distribution of certain required sanitary items.
Every workshop must have a quality that attracts the villagers to attend it, distribution of sanitary items such as sanitary
napkins, soaps etc would be appropriate.
Workshop Curriculum
Status of Rural Sanitation: RURAL SANITATION COVERAGE IN INDIA

5. Number of
organizations working
for every district (Ex.
Hyderabad)
Number of villages
covered under workshop
per month in a district
Number of districts in
India
Number of villages in
India
No.of villages covered
under workshop in a
year
Example of the process of conducting
Workshops by NGOs
minimum number
= 20
20 villages
675 districts
1,62.000 villages
5,93,615 villages
This data is just an example.
Since the number of organisations
working for the present cause are a
lot higher than in the given
example a lot more villages can be
covered per year. There by
spreading awareness in most of the
villages in a short time.
India probably has the
largest number of NGOs in the
world. The first estimate in 2008
declared that there was one NGO
for every 400 people, which is
almost a 3.3 million.

6. Phase II- Construction and Maintenance of Sanitation facilities by
Private Organisations
Construction and maintenance of toilets:-
Most of the rural areas lack basic infrastructure for proper defecation due to which
there are severe effects on the health of the people. the following are the features of our
solution:
1.) The government gives a contract to Private Organisations to build the toilets.
The funds are allotted by the government.
2.) For each district one builder is allotted the assignment of construction of public toilets
in those areas.
3.) A separate organisations set up which consists of two types of workers, The first are
the the ones who are responsible for the maintenance of the public toilets, The second are
the areas incharge who are responsible for ensuring that no open- defecation takes place in
their area.
4.) A new resolution is passed after the construction phase of the public toilets which
allows the area incharge to penalize anyone who defecates/urinates in open, in that area.
5.) For the maintenance of these public toilets people are hired from the same village and
are given fixed monthly salary by the gram panchayat.

7. Budget for the proposed
solution
Total Sanitation Campaign
(Existing)
Amount allotted Result
Total Annual
budget in
crores
1.)Rs 4600.
approx. per
house
1.) Rs. 1650 in
2011-12.
2.)Rs.1485 in
2010-11.
3.)Rs.19,626 in
last 10 years by
Central
Government
[1,2].
Not so
successful due
to improper
practice,
maintenance
and misuse of
allotted
money.
Newly Proposed Solution
Cost to construct
a toilet
Average no.of
toilets per
village [3]
Total estimated
budget in
crores
1.)Rs. 3500
including
materials.
2.)Rs.2200 for
CEB toilets
(Compressed
Earth Brick)
[4].
Rs.36,921.88
by both
Central and
State
governments
for CEB
technology[4].
The amount
represented is
to construct
toilets for all
households in
rural areas.
283 houses
approx.

8. ➢ Generates Employment:-
● The proposed solution generates employment for the people.
● People in the rural areas get many opportunities as they can work in their villages
and there is a chance that people will not migrate to cities in search of
employment.
➢ Stringent rules:-
● Since the proposed solution mainly involves private organisations to construct and
maintain sanitation facilities, they make stringent rules to avoid open defecation .
● The sanitation facilities provided by them assures cleanliness.
➢ Involvement of Private Organization:-
● It is better to have private organisations working for this cause compared to
government as the work done by govt is not effective and hasn't caused much
changes though it organised many schemes for this cause.
● We also have seen many municipal corporations fail in providing benefits for
people in this cause and hope the solution proposed by us would be effective and
helpful for improving sanitation in rural india.
Merits of the proposed solution

9. Criteria to measure Impact :-
Survey:-
A survey will be conducted by NGOs after the
implementation of toilets. A report will be submitted to
the government about
1.) Facilities and maintenance.
2.)Usage number.
3.)Benefits occurred.
Sustainability:-
This solution will be sustained under the following circumstances
1.)Financial:-
Government funds for maintenance of toilets.
2.) Proper Practice:-
Even though proper facilities are given to people, if they do open
defecation then they will be fined under improper sanitation by Monitoring
Force. This bewares them to avoid open defecation. These fines were again used
for maintenance.
Scalability of the solution:-
The scale of extent of solution can be given by
1.)A statistical data about
i.)Diseases affected due to improper sanitation.
(From the report by NGOs)
ii.)No.of fines imposed for improper practice of
sanitation
Impact of
the
solution

10. CHALLENGES FACED DURING IMPLEMENTATION
➢ Funds:
● Raising funds for a better sanitation is one of the primary challenge.
● Government has to allot funds to Private Contract members in order to construct
and maintain toilets.
➢ Dedicated Staff:
● It is little hard to hire dedicated staff who can create effective awareness to the
people in the villages.
● Number of NGOs participation may vary from region to region.
➢ Corruption:
● Since government is the source for financial aid, some of the allotted funds may
be consumed or wasted during transferring process.
➢ Time constraint:
● It might take a bit long to get implemented due to approval of bills and
transferring funds.

11. References
1.) http://www.indiaspend.com/investigations/govt-gives-money-for-toilets-they-build-
kitchens
2.) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_earth_block :-
3.) http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx :-
4.) http://www.unicef.org/india/reallives_3814.htm :-