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RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Dr. Sarah Wali Qazi
Contents in the Research
Methodology
■ 2.1 Research Design
■ 2.2 Population and Sample (Participants in case of
qualitative)
■ 2.3 Variables and Hypothesis
■ 2.4 Data Collection Procedure
■ 2.5 Plan of Analysis
2.1 Research Design
Research Method
Mono Mixed
Research Strategy
Exploratory Explanatory Descriptive
Research Approach
Qualitative Quantitative Mixed Method
Qualitative versus Quantitative
Research
■ Purpose
– Exploring feelings, perception and experiences versus
investigating impact/effect/relationship
■ Small versus large samples
■ Broad range of questioning versus structured questions
■ Subjective interpretation versus statistical analysis
Research strategies
■ Exploratory (Pure Qualitative)
■ Explanatory (Pure Quantitative)
■ Descriptive
Research Choices
■ Mono-Method: Single Method
■ Mixed Method: Using Quantitative and
Qualitative Method
Research Design
■ This study is based on qualitative approach in
which exploratory strategy is used for exploring
the __________ phenomena. This is mono-
method study and will be conducted with the
help of interviews.
Population and Sampling Method
■ Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sampling
■ Population: The frame of the respondents from whom
you are intended to collect data
■ Sample: the portion of the population from which you
will collect data
■ Participants (Qualitative)
Hypothesis and Variables (For
Quantitative only)
■ Hypothesis: statement that reflect the relationship
between the variables for e.g
– There is significant relationship between the consumer
buying behavior and brand loyalty
– If employees motivation increases from the
organization then it will effect the company
performance
– There is strong correlation between the reward system
and employee retention
■ Variables: Highlight the independent and dependent
brand
equity
brand loyalty
brand
association
perceived
quality
brand
awareness
Data Collection Procedure
Instrument Method
Reliability Validity
Plan of Analysis
■ Statistical Analysis for Quantitative: Regression and Correlation
■ Subjective Analysis for Qualitative: Content Analysis
■ Descriptive Analysis for Qualitative and Quantitative: Frequency
Distribution, Cross tabulation, and Descriptive Statistics (Mean,
Median, and Mode)
Thank you
■ In the 6th class, all you need to come up with the Research Proposals and the
session will be the meeting session.

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SarahWaliQazi_2338_16723_1_BRM session 5.pptx

  • 2. Contents in the Research Methodology ■ 2.1 Research Design ■ 2.2 Population and Sample (Participants in case of qualitative) ■ 2.3 Variables and Hypothesis ■ 2.4 Data Collection Procedure ■ 2.5 Plan of Analysis
  • 3. 2.1 Research Design Research Method Mono Mixed Research Strategy Exploratory Explanatory Descriptive Research Approach Qualitative Quantitative Mixed Method
  • 4. Qualitative versus Quantitative Research ■ Purpose – Exploring feelings, perception and experiences versus investigating impact/effect/relationship ■ Small versus large samples ■ Broad range of questioning versus structured questions ■ Subjective interpretation versus statistical analysis
  • 5. Research strategies ■ Exploratory (Pure Qualitative) ■ Explanatory (Pure Quantitative) ■ Descriptive
  • 6. Research Choices ■ Mono-Method: Single Method ■ Mixed Method: Using Quantitative and Qualitative Method
  • 7. Research Design ■ This study is based on qualitative approach in which exploratory strategy is used for exploring the __________ phenomena. This is mono- method study and will be conducted with the help of interviews.
  • 8. Population and Sampling Method ■ Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sampling ■ Population: The frame of the respondents from whom you are intended to collect data ■ Sample: the portion of the population from which you will collect data ■ Participants (Qualitative)
  • 9. Hypothesis and Variables (For Quantitative only) ■ Hypothesis: statement that reflect the relationship between the variables for e.g – There is significant relationship between the consumer buying behavior and brand loyalty – If employees motivation increases from the organization then it will effect the company performance – There is strong correlation between the reward system and employee retention ■ Variables: Highlight the independent and dependent
  • 11. Data Collection Procedure Instrument Method Reliability Validity
  • 12. Plan of Analysis ■ Statistical Analysis for Quantitative: Regression and Correlation ■ Subjective Analysis for Qualitative: Content Analysis ■ Descriptive Analysis for Qualitative and Quantitative: Frequency Distribution, Cross tabulation, and Descriptive Statistics (Mean, Median, and Mode)
  • 14. ■ In the 6th class, all you need to come up with the Research Proposals and the session will be the meeting session.