The document provides an overview of SAP and ERP systems. It discusses business processes without ERP and the benefits of ERP like eliminating duplication and redundancy. It then covers SAP history and modules, including financial accounting, controlling, sales and distribution and materials management. It also discusses SAP R/3 architecture and clients.

1. Introduction to SAP

2. Business without ERP Customer Calls to place order for a Car 1 Sales office/Inventory contacts PP 3 Sales office contacts Inventory 2 3 4 PP contacts Purchasing for raw material Purchasing Customers Production Planning Inventory Sales

3. Business without ERP (Contd..) Lets add some more Business Processes

4. Business without ERP (Contd..) Where is my car Whom to contact for status? What is this confusion What is Cost and profit What to manufacture?? Purchasing Customers Vendors Shop floor Production Planning Inventory Finance Sales

5. Lets Deliver the end product to customer.. Dear Sir, Your Order… I did not order for a TRUCK!!!! Sales

6. Business without ERP (Contd..) I AM NOT TAKING DELIVERY AND WILL NEVER DEAL WITH YOU! We are SORRY Sir Sales

7. Overall Picture Inventory Production Planning Purchasing Customers Vendors A/R A/P Shop Floor Execution General Ledger Sales

8. Why Enterprise Architecture Why Enterprise Architecture ? Numerous disparate information systems Integrating the data becomes costly Time Money Resources Inconsistencies and duplication of data Lack of timely information Required: Central enterprise definitions Required: Centrally controlled business change

9. Enterprise Structure – Integrating Business PP GL Plants Shop Floor Sales HR FA AP AR Purchasing Partner Systems Payroll Treasury Marketing Mfg.

11. Enterprise Architecture - Benefits Eliminates the duplication, discontinuity and redundancy in data Increases the return on investment made on IT implementations Delivers quality information designed for the Enterprise as a whole Faster and cheaper Delivers quality information to produce a quality enterprise Satisfying Partners/Customers Reducing required manpower E R P

12. Quiz Time What is the full form of SAP? When was SAP founded?

13. Quiz Time What is the full form of SAP? Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing When was SAP founded? Founded in 1972 by Wellenreuther, Hopp, Hector, Plattner and Tschira Renamed in 1977 Before 1977 : Systems Analysis and Program Development (German : Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung)

14. History of SAP Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing German : Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung Founded in 1972 by Wellenreuther, Hopp, Hector, Plattner and Tschira Renamed in 1977 Before 1977 : Systems Analysis and Program Development (German : Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung) SAP is both the name of the Company as well as their ERP Product SAP system comprises of a number of fully integrated modules, which covers virtually every aspect of the business Three systems developed : R/1, R/2, R/3

15. Steps to Strategic ERP Enterprise Resource Planning is evolved through these stages … Total Company Value Evolution of ERP Create Strategic Value Efficiency and Control Automation 80’s R/2 90’s R/3 Today mySAP ERP Inter-Enterprise Co-operation Enterprise Resource Planning Collaborative Business

16. For Over 30 Years, SAP Has Been Driving ERP – and They Continue to Do So… 70s SAP Invents Real-Time ERP SAP defines and establishes a new approach to Integrated Standard Business Software. ERP = The Business Software Industry The approach that SAP established becomes industry standard. New competitors enter the market. ERP Rapid Adoption Companies start to adopt ERP on a massive scale Dot.com Hype: ERP = Old E-Business = New Trends seemed to indicate that ERP was an out-of-fashion model mySAP ERP E-Business is now seen as an extension of ERP, not a replacement. SAP is leading the new industry standard for collaborative business applications. 80s 90s 00s

17. Evolution of SAP

18. Quiz Time SAP R/3 client server architecture evolved in year___________. Which is the latest SAP product? mySAP ERP mySAP Business Suite mySAP.com with one step business

19. Quiz Time SAP R/3 client server architecture evolved in year 1992 Which is the latest SAP product? mySAP ERP mySAP Business Suite mySAP.com with one step business

20. SAP R/3 Architecture

21. 3 Tier Client / Server Architecture The SAP R/3 architecture is based on a 3-tier client/server principle Presentation Server Application Server Database Server Dedicated Servers are linked by Communication Networks Perform tasks without sacrificing data integration and processes within the system, as a whole

22. SAP R/3 System Architecture (Contd...2)

23. Overview of Presentation & Database Servers The Presentation Server GUI only At workstation Very light Sends requests to application server Obtains screens from application server and displays The Database Server Interface between application server and RDBMS Also holds the vendor specific DB driver

24. SAP R/3 Conceptual Areas SAP Conceptual Areas Application Area (Initiate and execute SAP transactions) (Functional) Basis Area (The technical administration of the system) (Authorizations/Ids/etc) Development Area (1. A developer’s workbench 2. Create & Test ABAP/4 programs) (Technical)

25. Systems in R3 Development System (DC) Quality System (QC) Production System (IC) Client 110 100 etc.. Transport Request

26. Clients in R/3 The Logon Client 3 digit number ( 000 to 999) Helps maintain independent sets of data within the same R/3 system Client mechanism and handling

27. Clients in R/3

28. R/3 Technology Environment DB2 for OS/390 ADABAS D DB2 for AIX INFORMIX-OnLine ORACLE Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, OSF/Motif *, OS/2 Presentation Manager (PM), Macintosh *, Java ADABAS D MS SQL Server INFORMIX-OnLine ORACLE ABAP/4, C, C++, HTML, Java DB2 for OS/400 OS/390 AIX Digital UNIX HP-UX Reliant UNIX (SINIX) SOLARIS Windows NT OS/400 Hardware Bull/Zenith Compaq Data General ... NCR Sequent SNI Digital HP (Intel) IBM (Intel) Bull Digital HP IBM SNI SUN UNIX Systems IBM AS/400 Operating systems Dialog SAPGUI Languages Databases IBM S/390

29. Platforms and Databases supported by R/3 DB2/400 Win 95 OS/2 AS/400 OS/400 Oracle 7.1 SQL Server 6.0 ADABAS D Win 3.1 / 95 / NT OSF / Motif OS/2 Macintosh AT&T Compaq Bull / Zenith HP (Intel) SNI IBM (Intel) Digital (Intel) Data-General Windows NT Oracle 7.1 ADABAS D OS/2 Macintosh Bull Digital Unix Informix – Online OSF / Motif Digital HP SOLARIS HP-UX DB2 for AIX Win 3.1/ 95 / NT IBM SNI SUN AIX SINIX Supported Databases Supported Front ends Supported Hardware Operating Systems

30. Client Server Benefit

31. Quiz Time Business Administration Client Authorizations Oracle Unix Systems GUI Client Testing/ UAT Quality System 3 Digit number Basis Application Server Windows Presentation Server Match the following

32. Quiz Time Basis Authorizations Windows Unix Systems Quality System (QC) Client Testing/ UAT Client 3 Digit number Business Administration Application Server GUI Presentation Server Match the following

33. SAP R/3 Modules

34. SAP Modules SAP R/3 FI WF PS PM WM PP MM SD HR AM CO QM PP – Production Planning WM – Warehouse Management PM – Plant Maintenance AM – Asset Management PS – Project System MM – Materials Management SD – Sales and Distribution QM – Quality Management WF – Workflow HR – Human Resources CO – Controlling FI – Financial Accounting

35. Financial accounting (FI) Controlling (CO) Asset management (AM) Materials management (MM) Sales and Distribution (SD) Production Planning (PP) Quality management (QM) Plant maintenance (PM) & Customer Service (CS) Project system (PS) Human resources (HR) Workflow (WF) SAP R/3 Application Modules

36. MM Material Procurement Inventory Management Batch Management Goods inspection Invoice Verification PP BOM/Work Center/Routing MRP Capacity Evaluations Production Orders QM in production SD Inquiry processing Sales Order Processing Delivery Processing Billing FI General Ledger Accounts Payable Accounts receivable Cash management CO Cost Center Accounting Product Costing Order Contribution Analysis Module Functionalities

37. Quiz Time Asset Management Activity monitoring Project System Billing Production Planning Profit center Accounting Sales & Distribution Financial Reporting Materials Management Shop Floor Control Controlling Inventory Management Financial Accounting Match the following

38. Quiz Time Activity monitoring Project System Shop Floor Control Production Planning Billing Sales & Distribution Inventory Management Materials Management Profit center Accounting Controlling Asset Management & Financial Reporting Financial Accounting Match the following

39. External reporting of General ledger Accounts receivable/payable Sub-ledger accounts with a user-defined Chart of Accounts Key elements General ledger Accounts payable Accounts receivable Asset Management Special Purpose Ledger (FI-SL) Legal consolidation Accounting Information System Module FI – Financial Accounting

40. Financial Accounting Payables Receivables Bank accounts General Ledger Cash management and forecast Foreign exchange management Management of secureties and loans Finance information system Bank Invoice verification Credit management Consolidation Extended General Ledger Accounts payable Accounts receivable

41. Represents the flow of cost and revenue Instrument for organizational decisions Key elements of the CO application module include : Cost center accounting Product cost Planning Product Costing Profitability analysis Profit center accounting Activity based costing Enterprise controlling Module CO – Controlling

42. Optimize tasks/activities in Sales Delivery Billing Key elements of the SD application module include : Pre-sales support Inquiry processing Quotation processing Sales order processing Delivery processing Warehouse management Billing Credit Management Sales Information system Module SD – Sales and Distribution

43. Sales and Distribution Processing M A T E R I A L S M A N A G E M E N T F I N A N C I A L A C C O U N T I N G Sales activity S A L E S I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M Sales Support Sales Shipping Billing Subsequent delivery free of charge Inquiry Quotation Contract Delivery free of charge Sales order Returns Scheduling agreement USD Delivery Invoice Debit memo Credit memo

44. Supports Procurement Inventory Key elements Materials procurement (purchasing) Inventory management Invoice verification Material valuation Vendor evaluation External Services management Purchasing Information System (PurchIS) Inventory Controlling Information system Module MM – Materials Management

45. Materials Management Service / spare parts Material Special stock Batch Vendor/one-time customer Purchasing info record Service specifications Workflow Optical archive Texts Mail Communication Classification Documents Conditions BASIC DATA Purchasing information system Vendor evaluation Purchase requisition PURCHASING MRP Direct requisition Release procedures RFQ/Quotation Material/service Price comparisons Price comparison list Purchasing Purchase orders Outline agreements Scheduling agreements Goods receipt/issue Transfer posting Quantities and values Physical inventory Storage bins Check and post Price update INVENTORY MANAGEMENT INVOICE VERIFICATION SD PP PM QM FI AM CO PS Third-party order Requirements Inspection lot Fixed assets Cost center / Budget Project G/L accounts Cash management and forecast Service/ Spare Parts

46. To plan and control the manufacturing activities Key elements Bill of Material (BOM) Routings Work Centers Sales and Operations planning (SOP) Master Production Scheduling (MPS) – Capacity Planning Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) Shop Floor Control (SFC) Production orders Product costing, activity-based costing Work in process Kanban Production planning for process industries (PP-PI) Repetitive Manufacturing Module PP – Production Planning

47. Production Planning FI CO HR Cost accounting Financial accounting Human resources Project Networks Maintenance Repairs Plant maintenance Inbound Raw Material Finished Goods Sales and Operations Planning Demand management / MPS Material requirements planning Detailed Schedeling and Planning Capacity planning Shop floor control Costing Information system Purchasing Warehouse Invoice verification Sales Shipping Billing Customers Vendors SD PP SD SD SD MM SD QM SD PM SD PS

48. Supports Quality planning Inspection Control for manufacturing Costing Procurement Key elements Quality planning Quality during procurement, production, distribution Quality Management Information - Quality inspection Information System (QMIS ) Module QM – Quality Management

49. PS – Project Systems Support planning, control, & monitoring of long term highly complex projects with defined goals Key elements Project WBS – Plan Budget & Monitor Network Management Activity monitoring, Material Planning, Milestones, Capacities Scheduling Project Management Information System HR – Human Resource Key elements Recruitment Payroll & Time management Travel Expense accounting & Benefits Workforce planning & Training administration Organization management Module PS – Project System & HR – Human Resource

50. To integrate SAP R/3 with cross-applications Support tool for all modules Automates business process As events occur that trigger a process, the Workflow manager initiates a Workflow item Using the process logic, data and documents are incorporated at each step Using the processing rules, the Workflow manager routes the item to the appropriate role (location, person, unit, etc....). Example: Posting a PO will trigger automated mail to sales support for customer service. Module WF – Work Flow

51. Quiz Time Is Industry solutions an SAP module like FI/CO/MM etc? True/False PP Supports procurement and Inventory FI Handles project budgeting and monitoring WF management is a support tool for all modules

52. Quiz Time Is SAP - Industry solutions a module like FI/CO/MM etc? NO True/False PP Supports procurement and Inventory (False – MM Supports these functions) FI Handles project budgeting and monitoring (False – PS handles these functions) WF management is a support tool for all modules (True)

53. Combines SAP R/3 application modules to additional industry-specific functionality Result of the research by industry Centers expertise (ICOE) IS – Industry Solutions

54. mySAP Industry Solutions (Some Examples) SAP for Aerospace & Defense SAP for Media SAP for Automotive SAP for Mill Products SAP for Banking SAP for Mining SAP for Chemicals SAP for Oil & Gas SAP for Consumer Products SAP for Pharmaceuticals SAP for Engineering, Construction & Operations SAP for Professional Services SAP for Healthcare SAP for Public Sector SAP for High Tech SAP for Retail SAP for Higher Education & Research SAP for Service Providers SAP for Industrial Machinery & Components SAP for Telecommunications SAP for Insurance SAP for Utilities

55. SAP Product Overview

56. Evolution of SAP products R/3 R/3 Enterprise SAP NetWeaver mySAP ERP Solutions mySAP CRM mySAP SCM mySAP HR mySAP PLM ……… .. mySAP Business Suite Web AS Easing Upgrade Plans & Providing Transition Options Bringing benefits of SAP Netweaver into installed base New Customers have more entry options & receive world –class ERP

57. Evolution of SAP products SAP R/3 my SAP Solutions my SAP Business Suite

58. SAP R/3 Operations Corporate Services HR Financials

59. mySAP Solutions Operations Corporate Services mySAP HR mySAP Financials Adaptive Business Solutions SAP R/3 mySAP SCM mySAP PLM mySAP SRM mySAP CRM

60. my SAP Business Suite mySAP PLM mySAP SCM mySAP mySAP SRM CRM Operations Corporate Services mySAP HR mySAP Financials Application Platform ( Web As ) People Integration (Portal) Information Integration( BI,MDM ) Process Integration (XI) SAP NetWeaver

61. mySAP Solutions & Netweaver mySAP CRM mySAP SRM mySAP SCM mySAP PLM SAP Netweaver

62. My SAP Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

63. CRM Solution Map

64. CRM – Holistic view

65. Where does a CRM solution fit? Who Sales Service Marketing Executives What Service Transact Fulfill Engage Which way Internet Mobile Telephony How Operational Collaborative Analytical Workplace Use a CRM Solution to complete the Cycle

66. CRM Component Landscape OLTP R/3 System BW APO Mobile Clients Internet mySAP.com Portal Users As one big logical box CRM System Telephone Callers

67. CRM Internet Sales B2C Scenario Consumer BBP Scenario Business Partner B2R Scenario Reseller Internet- selling Enterprise

68. Service module within CRM Service Planning Proactively engage customers with the correct resources at the most beneficial times Customer Care Provide customer with 24/7 accessibility from all communication channels with precise and consistent informationon Installed Base Management Maintain an accurate, up-to-date record of a customer’s products and installations to facilitate service and anticipate customer requirements

69. Mobile Sales module within CRM Suite of tools tailored to the needs of the offline mobile sales force Provides an integrated view of customers, prospects, products, services, competitors, activities, opportunities, quotations, orders, etc. Heavy cross-referencing for easy navigation Facilitates the sales process by Effectively managing customers and prospects Providing appropriate customer, product and competitive information Determining product and pricing configurations Managing sales projects across sales teams Generating presentation and proposals

70. Quiz Time What is the latest version of mySAP CRM Name the three service modules with in CRM

71. Quiz Time What is the latest version of mySAP CRM (Version 5.0) Name three service modules with in CRM Service Planning Customer care Installed base management

72. My SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)

73. SRM Solution Map

74. Key Components of mySAP SRM mySAP SRM – eProcurement mySAP SCE Supplier Collaboration Engine Enterprise Buyer Prof 3.5 Business Inf. W’house 3.0B Requisite Bugs Eye 3.5 Requisite eMerge 3.5 Enterprise Portal 5.0 Supplier self services 1.0 Bidding Engine 3.5 User Management 3.0 Exchange Infrastructure Content Integrator

75. Key Components of mySAP SRM Strategic Sourcing Sourcing analytics: Helps provide analytics based on supplier location, line of business Supplier evaluation: Helps you evaluate the supplier base within the organization systems and external market places to identify and select supplier to ensure reliable & uninterrupted supply Request for quotation and auctions: Provides electronic auctioning and bidding tools to compress sourcing cycle times Contract management: Helps create and manage value and quantity contracts Operational Procurement Self-service procurement: Enables decentralizing procurement process within organization, without diluting the control Plan-driven procurement: Enables automatic purchase order generation for stock materials across the integrated supply chain Services procurement: Enables service procurement process to be managed online

76. Key Components of mySAP SRM….Contd. Supplier Enablement Supplier portal: Provides portal features for suppliers to manage their product data and orders Supplier connectivity: Provides capability to connect multiple suppliers through XM_-based document exchange Content Management Content consolidation: Provides capability to consolidate product and vendor information Catalog content management: Provides capability to manage OCI compatible catalog with tools for data import, data edit and a search engine

77. Quiz Time Name any one key component of mySAP SRM Solution map

78. Quiz Time Name any one key component of mySAP SRM Solution map Following are the three key components of mySAP SRM Strategic Purchasing & Sourcing Operational Procurement Supplier Collaboration

79. My SAP Supply Chain Management (SCM)

80. SCM – Solution Map

81. mySAP SCM SAP APO (Advanced Planning and Optimizing) Flexible and Adaptive Planning, Integration with CRM, SRM and PLM SAP ICH (inventory Collaboration Hub) Collaboration with Suppliers SAP EM (Event Management) Monitor, alert and resolve exceptions

82. Typical SAP SCM Solution-scape Core Interface Legacy Systems BAPI SAP CRM, SAP SRM and SAP PLM Core interface SAP R/3 Dominant source of Master Data in SAP SCM, destination of transaction data like planning outputs or Availability Checks for Execution systems Planning system where selective Master data maintained and sourced from R/3 SAP SCM Planning Outputs include Forecasts, SNP or PPDS Planned Orders, Stock Transfers and Production Orders Module includea Demand Planning, SNP & Deployment, PPDS, GATP, TPVS and TLB Transaction Data Master Data

83. One-on-One comparison Manufacturing Planning and Scheduling Oracle Manufacturing Scheduling PP/DS (Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling) Factory Planning Manufacturing Planning Fulfillment Management Oracle GOP (Global Order Promising) SAP GATP (Global ATP) Demand Fulfillment ATP and Fulfillment TP/VS (Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling) SAP SNP (Supply Network Planning) Demand Planner SAP SCM Demand Management Oracle Demand Planner Demand Planner/Demand Management Forecasting Logistics Management Solutions Oracle Transportation TMS (Transportation Management Solutions) Transportation Master Planning Oracle ASCP (Advanced SCP) Supply Chain Planning Material and Resource planning Manugistics (Networks SCM) ORACLE APS i2 Technologies (Tradematrix SCM)

84. mySAP Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)

85. PLM Solution Map

86. SAP Netweaver

87. A Roadmap for Web Services

88. Services are changing SAP’s Product portfolio

89. From Basis to WAS

90. Integration is the Key Challenge Document Mgmt E-sales E-procurement PLM Technical systems Trading Call Center ERP Market Analysis SCM Business Drivers Extended Value Network Increased Market Dynamics Integration costs are high Long integration projects IT environments become increasingly rigid Lots of heterogeneous systems Pressure on IT increases Must leverage existing investments Must support new business processes quicker Must reduce total cost of ownership (TCO)

91. How to Address the Integration Challenge Document Mgmt Market Analysis SCM E-sales E-procurement PLM Technical systems Trading Call Center ERP Reduce Complexity Minimize the number of connections through hubs Use only one platform to integrate all people, information, and systems Reduce Cost Integration Deliver .NET and J2EE interoperability Deliver adaptors for ISV products Deliver products, not projects Increase company performance Increase ease of use, scalability and adaptability Increase business process flexibility by using an Enterprise Services Architecture

92. The fundamental Web services standards are supported by the Web Application Server ( Web AS), which is the basis for all other NetWeaver components

93. SAP NetWeaver The integration and application platform for lower TCO Unifies and aligns people, information and business processes Integrates across technologies and organizational boundaries A safe choice with full .NET and J2EE interoperability The Business foundation for SAP and partners Powers business-ready solutions that reduce custom integration It’s Enterprise Services Architecture increases business process flexibility

94. SAP NetWeaver in Detail (SAP Internal View) Product components and killer features SAP NetWeaver People Integration Application Platform Process Integration Information Integration Multi-channel Access Portal Collaboration Master Data Management Bus. Intelligence Knowledge Mgmt Integration Broker Business Process Management Multi-channel Access J2EE ABAP Composite Application Framework Life cycle Management SAP Mobile Infrastructure Tight coupling and alignment with SAP business solutions SAP Enterprise Portal Business packages Collaboration SAP Business information Warehouse Business content Tight integration to Sap Open architecture (Crystal, Accential ) Master Data Management Coming in 2003 SAP Exchange Infrastructure Proxy generation and mapping tools Integration directory SAP’s ability to execute SAP Web Application Server Proven, scalable, comprehensive toolsets Leverage existing infrastructure/skillets

95. SAP Solutions Powered by SAP NetWeaver Business content makes the business foundation

96. SAP Organizational units

97. Business Scenarios – Main Elements

98. Organizational Structure in SAP Human Resources Controlling Client Company Code Purchasing Organization Personnel Area Production Planning Sales and Distribution Materials Management Financial Accounting Sales Area Controlling Area Plant

99. Company Code

100. Organizational Structure - Levels

101. Organizational Structure – Business Functions

102. Enterprise Structure - Technology

103. Client Chart of Accounts Distribution Channel Sales Organ. Sales Office Sales Group Division Purchasing Group Plant Shipping Point Storage Location Company Code Loading Point Purchasing Org. SAP Organizational Structure: Cardinality

105. Quiz Time Which is not a part of SAP Business Scenario main Elements Master Data Organizational Unit Transaction Document All the above Answer True or False One Chart of accounts can be assigned to many Company Codes A plant can be assigned to many Company codes

106. Quiz Time Which is not a part of SAP Business Scenario main Elements Master Data Organizational Unit Transaction Document All the above Answer True or False One Chart of accounts can be assigned to many Company Codes ( True) A plant can be assigned to many Company codes (False)

107. Organizational Elements in FICO

108. Organizational Units in R/3 FI

109. Overview: Organizational Elements in Accounting

110. Organizational Elements in Logistics

111. Overview: Organizational Elements in Logistics

114. Quiz Time State True/False Company is obligatory in an organization structure Fill in the blank Unit responsible for procurement of materials/services and negotiating with vendors is called ____________.

115. Quiz Time State True/False Company is obligatory in an organization structure (False – Company code is obligatory) Fill in the blank Unit responsible for procurement of materials/services and negotiating with vendors is called Purchasing Organization

116. Organizational Elements in Sales

123. Quiz Time Fill in the blanks Sales area is a combination of _____________, ________________ and _______________.

124. Quiz Time Fill in the blanks Sales area is a combination of Sales Organization, Division and Distribution Channel

125. Navigation

126. Logging on to SAP System Logon pad with different systems

129. Adding to favorites Steps to add transaction to favorites Step I: Select the transaction you want to add to favorites Step II: Right click on the transaction you want to add to favorites Step III: Select Add to favorites.

134. General Settings

135. Variants Calendar Public Holidays Holiday Calendar Factory Calendar Unit of Measurements Currencies Currency codes Conversions (quotations) Exchange Rate Type Rates Rounding rules Global Settings (at Country level)

136. The Variant Principle

137. Define Public Holidays Define Holiday Calendar A combination of a yearly 12-month calendar and a list of all public holidays that fall within a calendar year. Gives an overview of all working days and all days off for a calendar year. It can be created to cover a validity period of several years. Can be defined according to the country or region in which they are to be implemented, and adapted to suit individual business requirements Calendar

138. Calendar Define Factory Calendar Calendar in which working days are numbered sequentially. Defined on the basis of a public holiday calendar. Validity period of a factory calendar must be within the validity period of the public holiday calendar. The weekdays that are working days must also be specified in this calendar. Examples: Monday through Friday are working days. Saturday, Sunday and public holidays are non-working days.

139. Enables calculations with quantities and physical units. Units of measurement are needed for internal conversions (such as kilogram <-> gram, but also centimeter <-> inch). The international system of units (SI) is used for this. UOMs are held centrally in the SAP System for all applications. Conversion factors are stored in the system with a unique internal key. Unit of measurement can be created according to requirements. CAUTION: Extra care to be taken for any creation as this global setting can affect the whole system performance Unit of measurement

140. Currencies Legal means of payment in a country. You can manage ledgers in two parallel currencies in addition to the local currency

141. Currency codes SAP maintains about 187 currencies. If any transaction in a new currency will happen for the organization, that currency to be maintained Standard quotation Can specify direct or indirect quotation. System by default will take direct quotes. Conversion factors Mention the conversion for currency to currency. For example, INR To Yen will 1:100 Rounding rules ensures that the amounts in this currency are always rounded to this unit Currency settings

142. Exchange Rate Type is used for different business purposes where multiple rates can be maintained for a pair of currencies The following exchange rate types exist Buying rate (G) Bank selling rate (B) Average rate (M) Historical exchange rate Key date exchange rate Default exchange rate types can be maintained in document types For posting and clearing, the system uses the exchange rate type M (average rate). This exchange rate type must be entered in the system and you must also enter the exchange rates for this type . Exchange Rate Type

143. Exchange rates in the system for the following purposes Posting and Clearing To translate amounts posted or cleared in foreign currency, or to check a manually entered exchange rate during posting or clearing. Exchange Rate Differences To determine gains or losses from exchange rate differences. Foreign Currency Valuation To valuate open items in foreign currency and foreign currency balance sheet accounts as part of the closing operations. Valuation of Purchase Documents, Sales documents and Commitments Exchange rates maintained for a exchange rate type for an effective date between two currencies Exchange Rate

144. Quiz Time Fill in the blank The difference between ____________ and ____________ is called spread. SAP maintains ___________ number of currencies.

145. Quiz Time Fill in the blank The difference between Buying rate and Selling rate is called spread. SAP maintains 187 number of currencies.

146. Thank You!