This document summarizes sanitation conditions in South Asia. It discusses what sanitation is and then provides information about each country in the region. Overall, the region contains more people without access to sanitation than any other, with 681 million open defecators. Access to improved sanitation facilities is only 39.83% and varies significantly between urban and rural areas and among countries. Issues discussed include lack of access to water, open defecation, lack of education, and poor hygiene practices. Actions proposed to improve sanitation include stopping open defecation, awareness campaigns, improving hygiene behaviors, and combining government and non-government programs.

1. Environmental Presentation
GROUP-4
14105074- kowshik
14105075- Sadman
14105077- Iftekhar
14105079- Arup
14105080- Emran
14105081-Anup
13205066- Sabit
13205070- Mehedi

2. 
What’s Sanitation?
 It is the Science and practice of effecting healthful and hygienic
condition.
 Study of safe & reliable Waste Supply.
 Proper Disposal of Waste Water.
 Proper disposal of Human Waste.
 Quick removal of all Solid Wastes.
 Its all about health & environment.
 The promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by maintenance
of sanitary conditions.
Sanitation

3. 
Countries Included:
Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan;
India; Nepal; Maldives; Pakistan;
Sri Lanka.
South Asia

4. 
 South Asia contains more poor people without access to sanitation
than any other region on earth.
 This puts its national governments under extreme pressure to make the
most of the limited available resources for the development of
sanitation services.
 Lack of proper sanitation awareness because of the lack of education,
specially in rural areas.
 Illiteracy.
 Improving day by day but yet a lot to improve.
 Urban areas are improving at a great pace, but rural areas are not
improving simultaneously.
Sanitation in South Asia

5. 
BANGLADESH:
 Access to safe drinking water is limited
 A lack of awareness about health and environmental sanitation means
that many still don’t use hygienic latrines
 Hygiene expenditure is often a low priority for poor households, who
have limited awareness of the benefit of products such as soap.
 Open defecation is a major issue, particularly in the Hilly areas.
 Some schools do not have latrines available for students to use.
 In urban slums, the little space available leads to a lack of solid waste
management, one of the factors of environmental pollution and health
risks.
Sanitation Conditions in South
Asian Countries

6. 
BANGLADESH:
 The use of hanging latrines, suspended over rivers and ponds, is
common in both rural and urban areas.
 Because of illegal and uncertain tenor in slum areas, legal water
connections can be difficult to secure.
 Hygiene awareness and knowledge of the links between poor hygiene
and disease are lowest among the typically poorly-educated slum
dwellers.
 Poor sanitation practices in both rural and urban areas are exacerbated
by seasonal flooding which ruins many water sources and latrines.
Sanitation Conditions in South
Asian Countries

7. 
INDIA:
 Only 32% of rural households have their own toilets.
 More than half of India’s population — over 600 million people do
not use a toilet because sanitation is inaccessible or unaffordable.
 Low priority accorded to sanitation.
 Inadequate sectorial planning.
 Illiteracy and ignorance.
 Weak and inefficient institutional
mechanism.
 Inadequate trained human resources.
 Lack of private sector participation.
Sanitation Conditions in South
Asian Countries

8. 
INDIA:
Sanitation Conditions in South
Asian Countries

9. 
PAKISTAN:
 94 million (52%) people in Pakistan do not have access to improved
sanitation facilities and out of the 94 million people 75 million live in
rural areas.
 Nearly 40 million (23%) people practice open defecation.
 Only 5 per cent households have access to a municipal garbage
collection system.
 It has 3.7% of the world's children aged 0-5, but accounts for 11% of
the under 5 mortality owing to diarrhea and dysentery - the highest
under 5 mortality rate (72 per 1000 live births) in South Asia.
 Children – and particularly girls – are denied their right to education
because their schools lack private and decent sanitation facilities.
Sanitation Conditions in South
Asian Countries

10. 
PAKISTAN:
 Poor farmers and wage earners
are less productive due to illness.
Health systems are overwhelmed
and national economies suffer.
 Sanitation and hygiene also
suffers from a lack of public
sector finance in comparison to
other social sectors.
 The rural-urban disparity
indicates that investments are
highly biased to urban areas and
resources are not reaching where
the needs are greatest.
Sanitation Conditions in
Important Areas

11. 
SRILANKA:
 Cost recovery remains an issue, as does the long-term maintenance of
facilities, especially for community-based systems.
 In schools, authorities’ lack the capacity to undertake “soft”
components such as hygiene promotion.
 Poor outcomes in the education and health sectors, particularly with
regard to malnutrition, are closely linked with lack of access to good-
quality water and sanitation.
 Now Sri Lanka has high national coverage for access to improved
water supply and sanitation, at 84 and 86 percent respectively.
 The percentage of schools with improved water sources ranges
between 80-85 percentage.
Sanitation Conditions in South
Asian Countries

12. 
SRILANKA:
 Two thirds of the country is considered a dry zone, where people face
difficulties to access safe drinking water.
 Main Problems in this country is the lack of safe water.
Promotion of hygiene practice
by Cricketers. #Unicef
Sanitation Conditions in South
Asian Countries

13. 
NEPAL:
 Each year, since 2006, an average of 4 million people are provided
with basic sanitation services.
 It is estimated that only 62% of initiatives taken for sanitation access
are sustained.
 It will take until 2031 to achieve the national target, even if the
financing trend does exceed requirements.
 Target: ‘All the people of Nepal will have sustainable access to safe
drinking water and basic sanitation by 2017.’
Sanitation Conditions in South
Asian Countries

14. 
 The proportion of people using improved sanitation has increased by
19 percentage points from 1990 to 2012.
 The proportion of people who practice open defecation has dropped
by 28 percentage points over the same period, a faster rate of
reduction than in any other region.
 A much smaller proportion of people in South Asia use improved
sanitation than in the rest of the world.
 It is estimated that there are still 681 million open defecators in the
region (there were 771 million in 2000).
 More than a third of the schools in the region do not have toilets.
 South Asia sustains significant economic losses due to poor sanitation.
Sanitation Condition in South
Asia

15. 
Sanitation Condition in South
Asia
Sanitation % Comparison

16. 
 Improved sanitation facilities in South Asia was last measured at 39.83
% in 2012.[According to the World Bank].
 Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the
population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities
that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with
excreta.
 Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to
flush toilets with a sewerage connection.
Improved Sanitation Facilities in
South Asia ( % )

17. 
 Improved water source in South Asia was last measured at 91.17 % in
2012, according to the World Bank.
 Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the
population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water
from an improved source, such as a household connection, public
standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection.
 Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a
person a day from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling.
Improved Water Source in South
Asia ( % )

18. 
 Stop open defecation.
 Awareness raising.
 Improve hygiene behavior on a community-by-community basis.
 Success measured not by the number of toilets built, but by long-term
improvements in public health and well-being.
 Large-scale sanitation programs should combine government and
NGO (or local organization) resources.
 Should organize School based programs.
 Elevated latrines should be considered for areas where digging of
latrines is not possible or acceptable or areas.
 Existing practices should be further investigated to identify other
feasible alternatives
Actions To be Taken

19. 
 Further investigation of the local feasibility and local acceptability of
packet and bucket latrines should be undertaken.
 Health communication materials should contain information about
latrine use and care (in local languages), and provisions made to
communicate with non-literate populations.
 Longer term sanitation solutions should be investigated further to help
prevent occurrence of cholera and other infectious diseases.
 Regardless of the type of sanitation facility installed, hand washing
stations should be installed at every sanitation facility.
 Make Public and mobile toilets available.
 Public supports/ Co-operation.
Actions To be Taken

20. 
Latrines

21. 
Improved Latrines and Hygiene
Practice

22. 
Thank You