Storage Area Network (SAN) is a dedicated, high-speed network that connects servers to storage devices like disks, disk arrays, and tapes. A SAN provides centralized storage that can be accessed by multiple servers, providing high capacity, high availability, and scalability compared to Direct Attached Storage. Fiber Channel is commonly used as the networking technology for SANs, allowing blocks of data to be accessed by servers over the high-speed SAN fabric.
Complete configuration of SAN using ESXI Environment and Installation guide. Now you will be able to configure storage area network with the help of these slides.
This configuration helps user to configure ESXI 4, ESXI 3.0 Servers
Storage Area Networks, Networks, Networking, Computer NetworksSeraphic Nazir
A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage. A SAN consists of storage devices, high-speed connectivity components, and SAN management software. It connects servers to storage infrastructure, facilitating high-speed data transfer between servers and storage through three methods: server-to-server, server-to-storage, and storage-to-storage. SANs use various interconnect technologies and topologies like point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and switched fabric. SAN management oversees the organization, configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting of SAN components to enable secure and robust data transfer.
The document discusses storage area networks (SANs) and fiber channel technology. It provides background on SANs and how they function as a separate high-speed network connecting storage resources like RAID systems directly to servers. It then covers SAN topologies using fiber channel, including point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and fabric switch configurations. Finally, it discusses planning, managing and the management perspective of SANs in the data center.
VMware vSphere 6.0 - Troubleshooting Training - Day 1Sanjeev Kumar
This document provides an introduction and overview of VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage training course. It discusses how the course aligns with the VCP-Core certification exam blueprint and objectives. It also provides definitions of key data center concepts like tiers and an overview of the evolution of data centers. Finally, it discusses the history and benefits of data center virtualization using VMware technologies like ESXi, virtual machines, and vCenter Server.
Watch this presentation and learn all about Microservices.
*Flannel, Weave, IPVLAN, MacVLAN and how they fit together with Docker, Swarm or Kubernetes
*How containers communicate with each other
*How the choice of Networking Interface impacts router and switch deployment in the Data Center
A SAN (Storage Area Network) is a network designed to transfer data from servers to storage targets as an alternative to directly attached storage. The document defines SAN architecture, which accesses storage at the block level and provides high performance, shared storage with good management tools. It discusses various SAN technologies like Fiber Channel and IP-based solutions. SANs connect storage subsystems, while NAS uses a general network to connect file-based storage. The document also covers SAN topologies, virtualization, protocols, advantages and disadvantages.
This document provides a reference architecture for implementing a Virtual SAN Ready Node environment using Dell hardware and VMware software. It describes the physical and logical architecture, including networking, storage, and server node components. Specific hardware models are recommended, such as Dell R730 servers and Dell networking switches. The architecture supports VMware Horizon, including hybrid deployments with Horizon Air.
Complete configuration of SAN using ESXI Environment and Installation guide. Now you will be able to configure storage area network with the help of these slides.
This configuration helps user to configure ESXI 4, ESXI 3.0 Servers
Storage Area Networks, Networks, Networking, Computer NetworksSeraphic Nazir
A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage. A SAN consists of storage devices, high-speed connectivity components, and SAN management software. It connects servers to storage infrastructure, facilitating high-speed data transfer between servers and storage through three methods: server-to-server, server-to-storage, and storage-to-storage. SANs use various interconnect technologies and topologies like point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and switched fabric. SAN management oversees the organization, configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting of SAN components to enable secure and robust data transfer.
The document discusses storage area networks (SANs) and fiber channel technology. It provides background on SANs and how they function as a separate high-speed network connecting storage resources like RAID systems directly to servers. It then covers SAN topologies using fiber channel, including point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and fabric switch configurations. Finally, it discusses planning, managing and the management perspective of SANs in the data center.
VMware vSphere 6.0 - Troubleshooting Training - Day 1Sanjeev Kumar
This document provides an introduction and overview of VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage training course. It discusses how the course aligns with the VCP-Core certification exam blueprint and objectives. It also provides definitions of key data center concepts like tiers and an overview of the evolution of data centers. Finally, it discusses the history and benefits of data center virtualization using VMware technologies like ESXi, virtual machines, and vCenter Server.
Watch this presentation and learn all about Microservices.
*Flannel, Weave, IPVLAN, MacVLAN and how they fit together with Docker, Swarm or Kubernetes
*How containers communicate with each other
*How the choice of Networking Interface impacts router and switch deployment in the Data Center
A SAN (Storage Area Network) is a network designed to transfer data from servers to storage targets as an alternative to directly attached storage. The document defines SAN architecture, which accesses storage at the block level and provides high performance, shared storage with good management tools. It discusses various SAN technologies like Fiber Channel and IP-based solutions. SANs connect storage subsystems, while NAS uses a general network to connect file-based storage. The document also covers SAN topologies, virtualization, protocols, advantages and disadvantages.
This document provides a reference architecture for implementing a Virtual SAN Ready Node environment using Dell hardware and VMware software. It describes the physical and logical architecture, including networking, storage, and server node components. Specific hardware models are recommended, such as Dell R730 servers and Dell networking switches. The architecture supports VMware Horizon, including hybrid deployments with Horizon Air.
Direct Attached Storage - Information Storage and Management.pptxMithun B N
This ppt contains slides on DAS.
Direct – Attached storage (DAS) is a an architecture where storage connects directly to servers. Applications access data from DAS using block-level access protocols. DAS is ideal for localized data access and sharing in environments that have a small number of servers.
A day in the life of a VSAN I/O - STO7875Duncan Epping
This document provides an overview and summary of a VMworld session about Virtual SAN I/O. The session covers Virtual SAN concepts, the I/O flow of reads and writes in Virtual SAN, failure scenarios and how Virtual SAN handles them, and new features like deduplication and compression. The document includes diagrams demonstrating how data is distributed and replicated across hosts in a Virtual SAN cluster. It also provides details on how reads, writes, and failures are handled at a technical level in Virtual SAN. In the conclusion, it recommends three ways for attendees to get started with Virtual SAN: a hands-on lab, 60-day free evaluation, or working with a VMware partner on an assessment.
This document discusses Group Policy objects (GPOs) in Windows Server 2012. It begins by introducing Group Policy and its benefits for users and administrators. It describes the components of Group Policy, including GPOs, the Group Policy container, and Group Policy templates. It also covers how to create and manage GPOs using the Group Policy Management Console. Finally, it discusses configuring and applying Group Policy settings to users and computers.
A brief study on Storage Area Network (SAN), SAN architecture & its importance. It focuses on the techniques and the technologies that have evolved around SAN & its Security.
Deploying CloudStack and Ceph with flexible VXLAN and BGP networking ShapeBlue
1) The document discusses using VXLAN, BGP and EVPN to implement a layer 3 network for a cloud deployment using Ceph and CloudStack. This allows scaling beyond the limits of layer 2 networks and VLANs.
2) Key infrastructure components discussed include Dell S5232F-ON switches running Cumulus Linux, SuperMicro hypervisors and Ceph storage servers using NVMe SSDs.
3) The deployment provides high performance private and public cloud infrastructure with scalable networking and over 650TB of reliable Ceph storage per rack.
This document provides an overview of various data storage technologies including RAID, DAS, NAS, and SAN. It discusses RAID levels like RAID 0, 1, 5 which provide data striping and redundancy. Direct attached storage (DAS) connects directly to servers but cannot be shared, while network attached storage (NAS) uses file sharing protocols over IP networks. Storage area networks (SAN) use dedicated storage networks like Fibre Channel and iSCSI to provide block-level access to consolidated storage. The key is choosing the right solution based on capacity, performance, scalability, availability, data protection needs, and budget.
A storage area network (SAN) provides centralized storage for multiple servers to access over a network. SANs are useful for large networks that require more storage than a single server can offer, allowing terabytes of data to be accessible by multiple machines. The key components of a SAN include fiber channel switches that connect servers and storage devices, host bus adapters that interface storage with operating systems, and storage devices like fiber channel disks. SANs provide benefits like high storage capacity, reduced costs, increased performance, and improved backup and recovery compared to adding more individual servers. However, SANs also have disadvantages in being expensive to implement and maintain and requiring technical expertise.
vSAN provides software-defined storage that pools server storage resources and delivers them as a shared datastore for VMs. It integrates deeply with VMware stacks for simplified management and supports a variety of use cases. vSAN leverages new hardware technologies to provide high performance at low cost through space efficiency techniques and storage policies that control availability, capacity reservation, and QoS.
VXLAN Integration with CloudStack was presented at the Advanced Zone CCCEU13 conference in Amsterdam on November 21, 2013. The presentation discussed integrating VXLAN to overcome the VLAN ID limitation in CloudStack and allow for more scalable network isolation. VXLAN was demonstrated working with CloudStack to provide isolated networks and inter-tier connectivity within VPCs while maintaining network isolation. Basic functions like VM connectivity, migration, and network availability were tested under VXLAN and found to work as expected. Feedback was welcomed on the VXLAN integration in CloudStack.
The document provides an overview of IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless local area networks. It discusses the creation of 802.11 by IEEE, the physical layer, frame formats, and various 802.11 protocols including 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac. It also describes the media access control including CSMA/CA and security features like authentication and WEP encryption.
VMware Virtual SAN 6.0 includes the following new features and improvements:
1. Increased performance and scalability with support for up to 64 hosts and 9,000 components per host. Virtual machines can now have VMDKs up to 62TB in size.
2. Enhanced all-flash and hybrid architectures with new caching architectures that deliver up to 90,000 IOPS per host.
3. Usability improvements like default storage policies, visualization of storage utilization in policies, and a resynchronization status dashboard.
4. Failure resilience enhancements such as fault domains that account for failures across racks, and proactive rebalancing to leverage new nodes.
VMware vSphere is a virtualization platform that includes the ESXi hypervisor and vCenter Server management software. The document outlines the agenda for a VMware vSphere presentation, which includes topics such as virtualization, ESXi, vCenter, virtual machine management, networking, storage, vMotion, high availability, and other advanced features. It also provides overviews of ESXi hardware requirements, new features in vSphere 5.0, and how to upgrade from a previous version to vSphere 5.0.
INTELLIGENT DISK SUBSYSTEMS – 2, I/O TECHNIQUES – 1
Caching: Acceleration of Hard Disk Access; Intelligent disk subsystems; Availability of disk subsystems. The Physical I/O path from the CPU to the Storage System; SCSI.
I/O TECHNIQUES – 2, NETWORK ATTACHED STORAGE
Fibre Channel Protocol Stack; Fibre Channel SAN; IP Storage. The NAS Architecture, The NAS hardware Architecture, The NAS Software Architecture, Network connectivity, NAS as a storage system.
A presentation for FY and SY student about basic knowledge of NAS which includes :
1. Introduction of NAS
2. Applications
3. Benefits
4. Advantages
5. Disadvantages
6. NAS vs SAN
7. Future of NAS
1. A distributed switch functions as a single virtual switch across all associated hosts and is configured in vCenter Server at the data center level. It consists of a control plane in vCenter Server and I/O planes in the VMkernel of each ESXi host.
2. Key components of a distributed switch include distributed ports, uplinks, and port groups. Distributed ports can connect VMs or VMkernel interfaces. Uplinks associate physical NICs across hosts. Port groups define connection configurations.
3. Configuring a distributed switch involves adding the switch in vCenter Server, creating distributed port groups, and defining properties like uplink ports and multicast filtering mode. This provides a consistent network configuration template across
The document discusses wireless local area networks (WLANs) and the IEEE 802.11 standard. It provides an overview of wired and wireless LANs, the development and specifications of IEEE 802.11, and differences between wireless and wired networks that 802.11 addresses like power management, security, and bandwidth. It also covers wireless LAN topologies, media access control, security issues, and physical layer standards defined in original 802.11 like frequency hopping spread spectrum and direct sequence spread spectrum.
VMware NSX provides a platform for deployment of software-defined network (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) services across physical network devices in a way that is analogous to server virtualization.
This document provides an overview of storage technologies, including direct attached storage (DAS), network attached storage (NAS), iSCSI, and storage area networks (SAN). It defines key components like RAID controllers and host bus adapters, compares internal and external storage, and describes protocols like Fibre Channel and iSCSI. The benefits of SANs are consolidated storage and reduced costs. Fibre Channel is designed for high performance while iSCSI offers moderate performance at a lower cost.
Direct attached storage (DAS) involves connecting storage devices like hard disk drives directly to a server without a storage network. This provides exclusive access to the disks for the server but has limitations in scalability and availability. Storage area networks (SANs) address these issues by connecting multiple servers and storage devices via a high-speed dedicated network using fiber channel technology. This allows for centralized management of storage that can be dynamically allocated and accessed simultaneously by multiple servers.
Direct Attached Storage - Information Storage and Management.pptxMithun B N
This ppt contains slides on DAS.
Direct – Attached storage (DAS) is a an architecture where storage connects directly to servers. Applications access data from DAS using block-level access protocols. DAS is ideal for localized data access and sharing in environments that have a small number of servers.
A day in the life of a VSAN I/O - STO7875Duncan Epping
This document provides an overview and summary of a VMworld session about Virtual SAN I/O. The session covers Virtual SAN concepts, the I/O flow of reads and writes in Virtual SAN, failure scenarios and how Virtual SAN handles them, and new features like deduplication and compression. The document includes diagrams demonstrating how data is distributed and replicated across hosts in a Virtual SAN cluster. It also provides details on how reads, writes, and failures are handled at a technical level in Virtual SAN. In the conclusion, it recommends three ways for attendees to get started with Virtual SAN: a hands-on lab, 60-day free evaluation, or working with a VMware partner on an assessment.
This document discusses Group Policy objects (GPOs) in Windows Server 2012. It begins by introducing Group Policy and its benefits for users and administrators. It describes the components of Group Policy, including GPOs, the Group Policy container, and Group Policy templates. It also covers how to create and manage GPOs using the Group Policy Management Console. Finally, it discusses configuring and applying Group Policy settings to users and computers.
A brief study on Storage Area Network (SAN), SAN architecture & its importance. It focuses on the techniques and the technologies that have evolved around SAN & its Security.
Deploying CloudStack and Ceph with flexible VXLAN and BGP networking ShapeBlue
1) The document discusses using VXLAN, BGP and EVPN to implement a layer 3 network for a cloud deployment using Ceph and CloudStack. This allows scaling beyond the limits of layer 2 networks and VLANs.
2) Key infrastructure components discussed include Dell S5232F-ON switches running Cumulus Linux, SuperMicro hypervisors and Ceph storage servers using NVMe SSDs.
3) The deployment provides high performance private and public cloud infrastructure with scalable networking and over 650TB of reliable Ceph storage per rack.
This document provides an overview of various data storage technologies including RAID, DAS, NAS, and SAN. It discusses RAID levels like RAID 0, 1, 5 which provide data striping and redundancy. Direct attached storage (DAS) connects directly to servers but cannot be shared, while network attached storage (NAS) uses file sharing protocols over IP networks. Storage area networks (SAN) use dedicated storage networks like Fibre Channel and iSCSI to provide block-level access to consolidated storage. The key is choosing the right solution based on capacity, performance, scalability, availability, data protection needs, and budget.
A storage area network (SAN) provides centralized storage for multiple servers to access over a network. SANs are useful for large networks that require more storage than a single server can offer, allowing terabytes of data to be accessible by multiple machines. The key components of a SAN include fiber channel switches that connect servers and storage devices, host bus adapters that interface storage with operating systems, and storage devices like fiber channel disks. SANs provide benefits like high storage capacity, reduced costs, increased performance, and improved backup and recovery compared to adding more individual servers. However, SANs also have disadvantages in being expensive to implement and maintain and requiring technical expertise.
vSAN provides software-defined storage that pools server storage resources and delivers them as a shared datastore for VMs. It integrates deeply with VMware stacks for simplified management and supports a variety of use cases. vSAN leverages new hardware technologies to provide high performance at low cost through space efficiency techniques and storage policies that control availability, capacity reservation, and QoS.
VXLAN Integration with CloudStack was presented at the Advanced Zone CCCEU13 conference in Amsterdam on November 21, 2013. The presentation discussed integrating VXLAN to overcome the VLAN ID limitation in CloudStack and allow for more scalable network isolation. VXLAN was demonstrated working with CloudStack to provide isolated networks and inter-tier connectivity within VPCs while maintaining network isolation. Basic functions like VM connectivity, migration, and network availability were tested under VXLAN and found to work as expected. Feedback was welcomed on the VXLAN integration in CloudStack.
The document provides an overview of IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless local area networks. It discusses the creation of 802.11 by IEEE, the physical layer, frame formats, and various 802.11 protocols including 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac. It also describes the media access control including CSMA/CA and security features like authentication and WEP encryption.
VMware Virtual SAN 6.0 includes the following new features and improvements:
1. Increased performance and scalability with support for up to 64 hosts and 9,000 components per host. Virtual machines can now have VMDKs up to 62TB in size.
2. Enhanced all-flash and hybrid architectures with new caching architectures that deliver up to 90,000 IOPS per host.
3. Usability improvements like default storage policies, visualization of storage utilization in policies, and a resynchronization status dashboard.
4. Failure resilience enhancements such as fault domains that account for failures across racks, and proactive rebalancing to leverage new nodes.
VMware vSphere is a virtualization platform that includes the ESXi hypervisor and vCenter Server management software. The document outlines the agenda for a VMware vSphere presentation, which includes topics such as virtualization, ESXi, vCenter, virtual machine management, networking, storage, vMotion, high availability, and other advanced features. It also provides overviews of ESXi hardware requirements, new features in vSphere 5.0, and how to upgrade from a previous version to vSphere 5.0.
INTELLIGENT DISK SUBSYSTEMS – 2, I/O TECHNIQUES – 1
Caching: Acceleration of Hard Disk Access; Intelligent disk subsystems; Availability of disk subsystems. The Physical I/O path from the CPU to the Storage System; SCSI.
I/O TECHNIQUES – 2, NETWORK ATTACHED STORAGE
Fibre Channel Protocol Stack; Fibre Channel SAN; IP Storage. The NAS Architecture, The NAS hardware Architecture, The NAS Software Architecture, Network connectivity, NAS as a storage system.
A presentation for FY and SY student about basic knowledge of NAS which includes :
1. Introduction of NAS
2. Applications
3. Benefits
4. Advantages
5. Disadvantages
6. NAS vs SAN
7. Future of NAS
1. A distributed switch functions as a single virtual switch across all associated hosts and is configured in vCenter Server at the data center level. It consists of a control plane in vCenter Server and I/O planes in the VMkernel of each ESXi host.
2. Key components of a distributed switch include distributed ports, uplinks, and port groups. Distributed ports can connect VMs or VMkernel interfaces. Uplinks associate physical NICs across hosts. Port groups define connection configurations.
3. Configuring a distributed switch involves adding the switch in vCenter Server, creating distributed port groups, and defining properties like uplink ports and multicast filtering mode. This provides a consistent network configuration template across
The document discusses wireless local area networks (WLANs) and the IEEE 802.11 standard. It provides an overview of wired and wireless LANs, the development and specifications of IEEE 802.11, and differences between wireless and wired networks that 802.11 addresses like power management, security, and bandwidth. It also covers wireless LAN topologies, media access control, security issues, and physical layer standards defined in original 802.11 like frequency hopping spread spectrum and direct sequence spread spectrum.
VMware NSX provides a platform for deployment of software-defined network (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) services across physical network devices in a way that is analogous to server virtualization.
This document provides an overview of storage technologies, including direct attached storage (DAS), network attached storage (NAS), iSCSI, and storage area networks (SAN). It defines key components like RAID controllers and host bus adapters, compares internal and external storage, and describes protocols like Fibre Channel and iSCSI. The benefits of SANs are consolidated storage and reduced costs. Fibre Channel is designed for high performance while iSCSI offers moderate performance at a lower cost.
Direct attached storage (DAS) involves connecting storage devices like hard disk drives directly to a server without a storage network. This provides exclusive access to the disks for the server but has limitations in scalability and availability. Storage area networks (SANs) address these issues by connecting multiple servers and storage devices via a high-speed dedicated network using fiber channel technology. This allows for centralized management of storage that can be dynamically allocated and accessed simultaneously by multiple servers.
Storage devices are used to store data outside of a computer's main memory. There are different types of storage including primary storage like RAM and cache that is directly accessible by the CPU. Secondary storage like hard disks requires accessing through input/output channels. Tertiary storage uses robotic mechanisms to store data offline. Linux uses disk partitioning to organize storage across physical disks using schemes like MBR and GPT. Logical volumes and RAID provide additional abstraction and redundancy. Network storage solutions like NAS export file systems over a network while SANs export block storage using protocols like Fibre Channel and iSCSI.
• Storage Basics and Terms
• Introduction to SANs
• SAN Connectivity—Fibre Channel
• SAN Applications
• SAN—Current Developments
• Cisco Storage Networking Partnerships
This presentation gives an overview of physical storage technologies and the various ways of accessing storage on a computer or a server. Presented at School of Engineering and Applied Science, Ahmedabad University as a part of Software Engineering course.
This document provides an overview of storage networking technologies, including storage area networks (SANs), fibre channel protocols, RAID configurations, and storage virtualization. It describes the basic components and functions of storage systems, such as primary and secondary storage, hard disk drives, RAID arrays, optical storage, and solid state drives. It also explains SAN fabrics, zoning, and how storage virtualization pools multiple storage devices to appear as a single device.
Windows Server 2012 introduces new storage technologies like Storage Spaces and SMB 3.0 that can replace traditional SANs. These technologies provide high performance storage with easier administration and lower costs when used together. They enable virtualized storage through storage pools and spaces, storage resilience through hardware redundancy, and optimization of storage utilization.
Osnove: DAS,Trdi disk, SCSI protokol
SAN in NAS
-s protokoli, ki nastopajo v okoljih
-z napravami, katere nastopajo pri izgradnji tako osnovnih in enostavnih, kot tudi kompleksnih okolji
-topologije
Strežniki
Povezljivost
Krmilniki in gonilniki
Diskovna polja
RAID
IOPS (teorija)
Razno
Lec11 Computer Architecture by Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee Georgia Tech -- Memory part3Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee, Ph.D.
This document discusses DRAM and storage systems. It begins by describing the basic DRAM cell and how DRAM is organized into banks, rows, and columns. It then covers DRAM operation including refreshing and different DRAM standards. The document also discusses disk organization with platters, tracks, and sectors. It provides details on disk access times and reliability techniques like RAID levels 0 through 6 which use data mirroring, striping, and error correction codes.
This was the overview for the basics of the OSI model and the concepts around networking for an NIU course I taught on networking. Another instructor also named Steve taught the course previously, and much of the presentation was based on his work but I can't remember what was modified. It was meant for educators without a deep technical background. .
This chapter discusses mass storage systems including disk structure, disk scheduling algorithms, RAID structure, and tertiary storage devices. Disks are addressed as logical blocks mapped to physical sectors. Common disk attachment methods are SCSI, FC, NAS, and SAN. Disk scheduling algorithms like FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, and C-SCAN aim to minimize seek times. RAID and file systems manage disks. Tertiary storage uses removable media like floppies, magnetic, and optical disks for low-cost storage.
Seagate Kinetic Open Storage Platform provides a key-value storage interface that allows applications to directly access storage drives, bypassing file systems and other software layers. This dis-intermediation approach aims to lower total cost of ownership by reducing complexity and enabling more efficient use of hardware. The platform uses a distributed architecture with peer-to-peer data replication across drives to provide high performance, reliability and scalability. It also offers an open source software library and API to allow third party developers to build new storage applications and systems.
JetStor NAS 724uxd 724uxd 10g - technical presentationGene Leyzarovich
The JetStor NAS 724UXD is a unified / hybrid NAS storage system that consolidates NAS and IP-based iSCSI SAN in one chassis. Featuring the newest Intel Haswell platform to lower power consumption and 7x 1Gb Ethernet host ports per controller, all encompassed in a small 4U enclosure. The JetStor NAS 724UXD offers SSD Caching to boost random I/O intensive application, Snapshot, Thin Provisioning, Online Capacity Expansion and Controller-based cable-less design for excellent manageability.
JetStor NAS 724UXD Dual Controller Active-Active ZFS BasedGene Leyzarovich
The JetStor NAS 724UXD is a unified / hybrid NAS storage system that consolidates NAS and IP-based iSCSI SAN in one chassis. Featuring the newest Intel Haswell platform to lower power consumption and 7x 1Gb Ethernet host ports per controller, all encompassed in a small 4U enclosure. The JetStor NAS 724UXD offers SSD Caching to boost random I/O intensive application, Snapshot, Thin Provisioning, Online Capacity Expansion and Controller-based cable-less design for excellent manageability.
This document discusses storage virtualization. It notes that by 2010 nearly 1000 exabytes of digital information will be created annually, doubling every 18 months. It describes different types of storage including direct attached storage (DAS), network attached storage (NAS), and storage area network (SAN). Virtualization provides advantages like hiding storage complexity, improving performance and scalability. Virtualization can occur at the host operating system level, switch/appliance level, or storage array level.
This document discusses mass storage systems. It begins with an overview of disk structure, including details on disk performance characteristics like seek time and rotational latency. It then covers topics like disk scheduling algorithms, disk management in operating systems, swap space management, RAID structures, and implementing stable storage. RAID levels like mirroring and striping with parity are explained. The document provides information on technologies like solid-state disks, magnetic tape, storage arrays, and network-attached storage.
This chapter discusses mass storage systems including disk structure, disk scheduling algorithms, RAID structures, and stable storage implementation. Disks are addressed as logical blocks that are mapped to physical sectors on disks. The operating system manages disk requests and queues using scheduling algorithms like SSTF, SCAN, and C-SCAN to minimize seek times. RAID uses multiple disks for redundancy and improved performance. Stable storage is implemented by replicating writes to two physical blocks to ensure data is not lost due to failure.
This document provides an overview of scale-out NAS systems and file systems. It discusses the differences between parallel storage and scale-out NAS, and describes IBM's GPFS and NFS v4.1. It also covers emerging distributed erasure coding technologies and how they are replacing traditional RAID. The document analyzes EMC's Isilon S-series and X-series scale-out NAS clusters, which use erasure coding, and NetApp's FAS 3200 series, which uses a NAS head architecture. It concludes with a comparison of data protection features in EMC's OneFS and NetApp's Data ONTAP operating systems.
VMworld 2015: The Future of Software- Defined Storage- What Does it Look Like...VMworld
The document discusses the future of software-defined storage in 3 years. It predicts that storage media will continue to advance with higher capacities and lower latencies using technologies like 3D NAND and NVDIMMs. Networking and interconnects like NVMe over Fabrics will allow disaggregated storage resources to be pooled and shared across servers. Software-defined storage platforms will evolve to provide common services for distributed data platforms beyond just block storage, with advanced data placement and policy controls to optimize different workloads.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
3. The SNIA Model
• SNIA – Storage Networking Industry
Association
• SNIA is a framework that captures the
functional layers and properties of a storage
system
• Trying to become an industry standard
3
7. Three Basic Forms of Network
Storage
• Direct access storage (DAS)
• Network attached storage (NAS)
• Storage area network (SAN)
• And a number of variations on each
(especially the last two)
7
8. Quick Overview
8
DAS NAS SAN
Storage Type sectors shared files blocks
Data
Transmission
IDE/SCSI
TCP/IP,
Ethernet
Fibre
Channel
Access Mode
clients or
servers
clients or
servers
servers
Capacity
(bytes)
109
109 -
1012 1012
Complexity Easy Moderate Difficult
Management
Cost (perGB)
High Moderate Low
10. Direct Access Storage (DAS)
10
SCSI Disk Array
UsedUsed
SCSISCSI
ChannelChannel
Large ServerLarge Server
EthernetEthernet
NetworkNetwork
clientsclients
IDE Disk Array
UsedUsed
Small ServerSmall Server
UsedUsed
11. Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
• From Shugart’s 1979 SASI implementation
• An I/O bus for peripheral device, such as hard drives, tape
drives, CD-ROM, scanners, etc.
– an improvement over IDE
• A single SCSI bus connects multiple elements (max 7 or 15).
• High speed data transfer:
– 5, 10, 20, 100, 320MB/sec, …
• Overlapping I/O capability:
– Multiple read & write commands can be outstanding simultaneously
– Different SCSI drives to be processing commands concurrently rather
than serially. The data can then be buffered and transferred over the
SCSI bus at very high speeds
11
12. SCSI Distribution Architecture
12
• SCSI is a client/server architecture.
• The client is called the initiator and issues request to the
server. The client is I/O subsystem under the typical OS
control.
• The “server” is called the target, which is the SCSI controller
inside the storage device. It receives, process, and responds
to the requests from the initiator.
• SCSI commands support block I/O, transferring large amount
of data in blocks.
Client
(Initiator)
Storage Device
(Target)
request
response
17. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)
• A group of hard disks is called a disk array
• RAID combines a disk array into a single virtual
device
– called RAID drive
• Provide fault tolerance for shared data and
applications
• Different implementations: Level 0-5
• Characteristics:
– Storage Capacity
– Speed: Fast Read and/or Fast Write
– Resilience in the face of device failure
17
18. RAID Functions
• Striping
– Write consecutive logical byte/blocks on consecutive physical disks
• Mirroring
– Write the same block on two or more physical disks
• Parity Calculation
– Given N disks, N-1 consecutive blocks are data blocks, Nth block is for
parity
– When any of the N-1 data blocks is altered, N-2 XOR calculations are
performed on these N-1 blocks
– The Data Block(s) and Parity Block are written
– Destroy one of these N blocks, and that block can be reconstructed
using N-2 XOR calculations on the remaining N-1 blocks
– Destroy two or more blocks – reconstruction is not possible
18
19. Disk Striping (example)
19
Example 1: 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
disk 1: odd bits disk 2: even bits parity bits (even parity)
Example 2: 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 1
3k+1 bits 3k+2 bits
parity bits (odd parity)
1 1
3k bits
20. RAID Types
• RAID 0
– Stripe with no parity (see next slide for figure)
• RAID 1
– Mirror two or more disks
• RAID 0+1 (or 1+0)
– Stripe and Mirrors
• RAID 3
– Synchronous, Subdivided Block Access; Dedicated
Parity Drive
• RAID 5
– Like RAID 4, but parity striped across multiple drives
20
21. RAID 0 RAID 1
21
Disk MirrorDisk Striping (no redundancy)
25. Network Attached Storage (NAS)
• NAS is adedicated storage device, and it operates
in a client/server mode.
• NAS is connected to the file server via LAN.
• Protocol: NFS (or CIFS) over an IP Network
– Network File System (NFS) – UNIX/Linux
– Common Internet File System (CIFS) – Windows Remote file
system (drives) mounted on the local system (drives)
• evolved from Microsoft NetBIOS, NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT), and Server
Message Block (SMB)
– SAMBA: SMB on Linux (Making Linux a Windows File Server)
• Advantage: no distance limitation
• Disadvantage: Speed and Latency
• Weakness: Security
25
28. Network Attached Storage (NAS)
• Specialized storage device or group of storage devices providing
centralized fault-tolerant data storage for a network
28
Clients
Servers Storage Devices
30. Discussion
• Need: a lot more storage (hundreds of GB)
and a scalable solution (~2 TB) for home users
– USB (USB 2.0) to a server, up to 480M bps
– Firewire (IEEE 1394) to a server, up to 3.2G bps
– SCSI to a server: up to 320MB (320×8 bps)
– NAS: no need for a server
30
Q: What is your choice?
31. Storage Area Network (SAN)
• A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a specialized,
dedicated high speed network joining servers and
storage, including disks, disk arrays, tapes, etc.
• Storage (data store) is separated from the processors
(and separated processing).
• High capacity, high availability, high scalability, ease
of configuration, ease of reconfiguration.
• Fiber Channel is the de facto SAN networking
architecture, although other network standards
could be used.
31
32. SAN Benefits
• Storage consolidation
• Data sharing
• Non-disruptive scalability for growth
• Improved backup and recovery
• Tape pooling
• LAN-free and server-free data movement
• High performance
• High availability server clustering
• Data integrity
• Disaster tolerance
• Ease of data migration
• Cost-effectives (total cost of ownership)
32
33. NAS vs. SAN ?
• Traditionally:
– NAS is used for low-volume access to a large
amount of storage by many users
– SAN is the solution for terabytes (1012
) of storage
and multiple, simultaneous access to files, such as
streaming audio/video.
• The lines are becoming blurred between the
two technologies now, and while the SAN-
versus-NAS debate continues, the fact is that
both technologies complement each another.
33
34. Fibre Channel
• Fiber Channel is well established in the open
systems environment as the underlining
architecture of the SAN.
• Fibre Channel is structured with independent
layers, as are other networking protocols.
There are five layers, where 0 is the lowest
layer. The physical layers are 0 to 2. These
layers carry the physical attributes of the
network and transport the data created by the
higher level protocols, such as SCSI, TCP/IP, or
FICON. 34
35. FC Standard – ANSI T11
• T11 (technical committee) has been producing
interface standards for high-performance and mass
storage applications since the 1970’s.
– http://www.t11.org/index.htm
• Designed to transport multiple protocols, such as
HIPPI, IPI, SCSI, IP, Ethernet, etc.
• Full duplex medium
• Channels are established between the originator and
the responder.
• Transfer rate from 100MB/s to Gigabits/s
• Distance >10 km (single mode fiber)
• Multi-layer stack functions (not mapped to the OSI
model)
35
36. FC Protocol Layers
36
IPI: Intelligent Peripheral Interface
HIPPI: High Performance Parallel Interface
SCSI
SBCCS: Single Byte Command Code Set
Gbaud Gbaud
39. FC Address
• FC node – a node has many ports
• FC port – the end point of a link (either
transmission or reception).
• Port ID: a unique 24-bit address for a port
• In Frame Header (see Slide-49), there are two
fields: Source address (transmission port) and
Destination address (reception port)
39
40. FC Naming and Addressing
• Each node normally has one physical interface , known as
N_Port.
• Each node has an 8-byte node name.
– Assigned by manufacturer
– If registered with IEEE, it is known as World Wide Name.
• N_Port ID: 24-bit port address
• An N_Port has a point-to-point connection with another
N_Port.
• An N-Port may be attached to a fabric port, F_port.
• Connection between fabric switches is via expansion ports,
E_ports.
• A switch port, if configured for either one, is a generic port,
G_Port.
40
43. SAN Topologies
• Fibre Channel based networks support three
types of topologies:
– Point-to-point
– Loop (arbitrated) – shared media
– Switched
43
44. FC - Point-to-Point
• The point-to-point topology is the easiest Fibre
Channel configuration to implement, and it is also the
easiest to administer.
• The distance between nodes can be up to 10 km
44
46. Arbitrated Loop
• Shared Media Transport
– Similar in concept to shared Ethernet
• Not common for FC-based SAN
• Commonly used for JBOD (Just a Bunch of
Disks)
• An arbitration protocol determines who can
access the media.
– ARB primitive
46
50. Switched FC SAN
• Fibre Channel-switches function in a manner
similar to traditional network switches to
provide increased bandwidth, scalable
performance, an increased number of devices,
and, in some cases, increased redundancy.
Fibre Channel-switches vary in the number of
ports and media types they support.
• Multiple switches can be connected to form a
switch fabric capable of supporting a large
number of host servers and storage
subsystems 50
51. FC – Switched SAN
51
Fiber Channel
Switch
Fiber Channel
Stores
Servers
Clients
52. Data Access over Switched SAN
52
Fiber Channel
Switch
Storage
DeviceServers
SCSI
FC
Data
SCSI
FC
Data
SCSI
FC
53. FC - Storage Area Network
(redundant architecture)
53
Fiber Channel
Switch
Fiber Channel
Stores
Servers
Clients
54. Repeat Overview
54
DAS NAS SAN
Storage Type sectors shared files blocks
Data
Transmission
IDE/SCSI
TCP/IP,
Ethernet
Fibre
Channel
Access Mode
clients or
servers
clients or
servers
servers
Capacity
(bytes)
109
109 -
1012 1012
Complexity Easy Moderate Difficult
Management
Cost (perGB)
High Moderate Low
56. Course Outline
– IP over FC (RFC 2625)
– IP-SAN
• iSCCI (RFC 3720)
– IP and FC-SAN Interworking
• FC Encapsulation (RFC 3643)
• FCIP (RFC 3821) – FC over IP
• iFCP (RFC 4172)
– Storage Virtualization
56
57. RFC 2625 – IP and ARP
over Fiber Channel (FC)
• FC supports multiple higher layer protocols,
and SCSI is the most widely used one.
• What about IP over FC?
– Access data in SAN from IP-based servers
– interworking between NAS and SAN
• RFC 2625 addresses two issues.
– A scheme to encapsulate IP and ARP packets
inside the FC frame (as the FC payload)
– A procedure to resolve the address mapping
57
58. IP over FC (RFC 2625)
App-1: accessing SAN from IP-based servers
58
SAN
Data
IP
L2
PHY
IP
L2
PHY
IP
RFC 2625
FC
IP
RFC 2625
FC
Data
SAN
FC/IP Gateway FC-based
Storage Device
FC
59. IP over FC (RFC 2625)
(App-2: interworking between SAN and NAS)
59
SAN
Data
IP
L2
PHY
IP
L2
PHY
IP
RFC 2625
FC FC
IP
RFC 2625
FC
L2
PHY
IP
Data
IP
L2
PHY
SAN
FC/IP Gateway FC/IP Gateway NAS-based
Storage Device
65. IP - Storage Area Network (SAN)
65
IP storage networking – carrying storage traffic over IP
Uses TCP, a reliable transport for delivery
Can be used for local data center and long haul applications
Two primary IETF protocols/standards:
iSCSI – Internet SCSI – allows block storage to be accessed
over a TCP/IP network as though it were locally attached
FCIP – Fibre-Channel-over-IP – used to tunnel Fibre Channel
frames over TCP/IP connections
IPIPIPIP TCPTCPTCPTCP iSCSIiSCSIiSCSIiSCSI SCSISCSISCSISCSI DataDataDataData
IPIPIPIP TCPTCPTCPTCP FCIPFCIPFCIPFCIP FCFCFCFC SCSISCSISCSISCSI
DataDataDataData
66. Internet SCSI (iSCSI)
• iSCSI is a proposed industry standard that allows SCSI block
I/O protocols (commands, sequences, and attributes) to be
sent over a network using the popular TCP/IP protocol.
• A way to access storage across an IP network as though it was
locally attached.
• Transports SCSI protocol commands and data across an IP
network
• Cisco and IBM co-authored original iSCSI protocol draft
• iSCSI Protocol is a standard maintained by the IETF
– IP Storage (IPS) Working Group
– RFC 3720
66
74. FC-SAN vs. iSCSI
• Since the iSCSI appliance attaches to the existing Ethernet
network, NAS and iSCSI are very similar in network
architecture
– However, the performance would be significantly different.
• Both iSCSI and SAN use Block I/O to transport data, whereas
NAS uses File I/O.
• SAN offers better performance (c.f. NAS), but is more
expensive and requires a higher skill set to implement. iSCSI
and NAS offer better pricing and skills may already be in place
to implement them.
• Both SAN and iSCSI offer the performance benefit of Block
I/O.
74
75. FC over IP
75
IP SAN
Data
SCSI
FC 0-2 FC 0-2
FCIP
TCP
IP
L2
PHY
IP
L2
PHY
TCP
IP
L2
PHY
FC 0-2
Data
SCSI
FC 0-2
FCP FCP
SAN
an IP tunnel for FC-based SAN
Application: interconnect SAN over IP-WAN.
FCIP
77. Storage Virtualization
• Definition: storage virtualization hides the
physical storage from applications on host
systems, and presents a simplified (logical) view
of storage resources to the applications.
• Virtualization allows the application to reference
the storage resource by its common name where
the actual storage could be on a complex,
multilayered, multipath storage networks.
• RAID is an early example of storage virtualization.
77
78. Virtualization Intelligence
• Host-Based: storage virtualization could be implemented on
the host through Logical Volume Management (LVM) which
provides the logical view of the storage to the host operating
system.
• Switch-based: intelligence of storage virtualization could be
implemented on the SAN switches. Each server is assigned a
Logical Unit Number (LUN) to access the storage resources.
– Switch-based virtualization could be in dual configuration for high
availability.
– Pros: ease of configuration and management ; redundancy/high
availability
– Cons: potential bottleneck on the switch; higher cost
78
80. SAN Challenges
• Standards
– ANSI T10 (SCSI) ANSI T11 (FC), IETF (IP-SAN), Ethernet
(IEEE 802.3), SNIA, etc.
• Interoperability
• High availability and data synchronization
between remote locations
• Convergence
– DAS, NAS, FC-SAN => IP-SAN
• Management
• Security
80
81. Summary
• Needs for large storage – continual growth
– 109
(G) => 1012
(T) => 1015
(P) => 1018
(E) …….
• From dedicated solution to network-based
solution
– DAS => NAS => SAN => IP-SAN
• Convergence of SAN and IP-LAN/WAN
– It is an IP world!
• SCSI is the protocol for block data transmission
– SCSI over FC - legacy
– SCSI over IP (iSCSI)
• FC and IP interworking protocols
– IP over FC
– FC over IP (FCIP) and iFCP
81
Editor's Notes
This is the highest-level picture of the SNIA shared storage model.
Note that applications lie outside the scope of the model – they are viewed here as “clients” (in the broadest sense) of the storage domain.
There are three main components within the scope (each shows up on the animation):
The file/record layer (databases and file systems).
The block layer (starting from the low-level storage devices, and extending up to block-based aggregation).
Services, including management of the other components.
In what follows, each of these will be examined in more detail.
The SNIA shared storage model is a layered one. Here’s the stack – and a numbering scheme for it.
Spanning Tree is not a routing protocol. OSPF does not use spanning-tree algorithm.
http://technomagesinc.com/pdf/ip_paper.pdf
FCP: FC-4, application layer server
No FCP communication between Host and the FCIP gateway.
FCIP provides an interwork from FC-2 to TCP.
The FCP communication is directly between the host and the storage device.