3. Is the process of organizing
data into logical, sequential
and meaningful categories and
classifications to make them
amenable to study and
interpretation.
4. 1. Textual - (statements with
numerals or numbers that serve
as supplements to tabular
presentation)
5. 2. Tabular - (a systematic arrangement
of related idea in which classes of
numerical facts or data are given each
row and their subclasses are given
each a column in order to present the
relationships of the sets or numerical
facts or data in a definite, compact and
understandable form)
6. 1. The table should be so constructed
that it enables the reader to
comprehend the data presented
without referring to the text;
2. The text should be so written that it
allows the reader to understand the
argument presented without
referring to the table. (Campbell,
Ballou and Slade, 1990)
7. 3. Graphical – (a chart representing
the quantitative variations or
changes of variables in pictorial
or diagrammatic form)
8. 1. Bar graphs
2. Linear graphs
3. Pie graphs
4. Pictograms
5. Statistical maps
6. Ratio charts
9. A separation of a whole into its
constituent parts (Merriam-Webster,
2012)
The process of breaking up the whole
study into its constituent parts of
categories according to the specific
questions under the statement of the
problem. (Calderon, 1993)
10. 1. Qualitative Analysis – is not
based on precise measurement
and quantitative claims.
(PSSC: 2001: 51)
11. 1.Social analysis;
2.From the biggest to the smallest
class;
3.Most important to the least
important;
4.Ranking of students according to
brightness;
12. 2. Quantitative Analysis – is
employed on data that have
been assigned some numerical
value. (PSSC: 2001: 51)
13. It can range from the examination
of simple frequencies to the
description of events or
phenomenon using descriptive
statistics, and to the investigation of
correlation and causal hypothesis
using various statistical tests.
(PSSC: 2001: 51)
14. This section answers the
question, “So what?” in relation to
the results of the study. What do
the results of the study mean?
This part is, perhaps, the most
critical aspect of the research
report.
15. It is often the most difficult to write
because it is the least structured.
This section demands
perceptiveness and creativity
from the researcher.
16. How do we interpret
the result(s) of our
study?
17. 1. Tie up the results of the study in
both theory and application by
pulling together the:
a. conceptual/theoretical
framework;
b. the review of literature; and
c. the study’s potential
significance for application.
18. 2. Examine, summarize, interpret
and justify the results; then,
draw inferences. Consider the
following:
19. a. Conclude or summarize
This technique enables the
reader to get the total picture of
the findings in summarized
form, and helps orient the
reader to the discussion that
follows.
20. b. Interpret
Questions on the meaning of the
findings, the methodology, the
unexpected results and the
limitations and shortcomings of
the study should be answered
and interpreted
21. c. Integrate
This is an attempt to put the
pieces together.
Often, the results of a study are
disparate and do not seem to
“hang together.” In the
discussion, attempt to bring the
findings together to extract
meaning and principles.
22. d. Theorize
When the study includes a
number of related findings, it
occasionally becomes possible
to theorize.
23. 1. Integrate your findings into a
principle;
2. Integrate a theory into your
findings; and
3. Use these findings to
formulate an original theory
26. 1. Table _____ presents the…
2. Table _____ indicates the…
3. As reflected in the table, there
was…
4. As observed, there was
indeed…
5. Delving deeper into the
figures…
27. 6. The illustrative graph
above/below shows that…
7. In explaining this result, it can be
stated that…
8. Is significantly related to…
9. Is found to be determinant of…
10. Registered positive correlation
with…
28. 11. Is revealed to influence…
12. Has significant relationship
with…
13. Is discovered to be a factor of…
14. In relation with the result of
__________, it may be
constructed that…
29. 15. And in viewing in this sense, it
can be stated that…
16. The result establishes the fact
that…
17. This finding suggests that…
18. With this result, the researcher
developed an impression that…
30. 19. This finding also validates the
findings of…
20. This improvement in
_________ could be
understood in the context of…
21. These findings also accept the
framework of the study…
31. 22. The interpretation marked as
__________ reveals that…
23. Nevertheless, this finding could
be attributed to the fact that…
24. Probably, this was also
influenced…
25. In the rational sense, the
juxtaposition of…
32.
33. 1. The chapter is organized and
divided into several main
components or topics, each of
which is titled according to the
sub-problem or hypothesis
statement.
34. 2. Present only relevant data.
3. In reporting data, choose the
medium that will present them
effectively.
4. Presenting tables that can be
presented as well in a few
sentences in the text must be
avoided.
35. 5. The textual presentation should
supplement or expand the
contents of tables and charts,
rather than duplicate them.
6. Only objective data embodied in
tables are made the bases of
discussion.
36. 7. The analysis of the data should
be objective and logical.
8. In analyzing and interpreting
data, point out those that are
consistent or inconsistent with the
theory presented in the study’s
theoretical framework.
37. 9. In reporting statistical tests of
significance, include information
concerning the value of the test,
the degree of freedom, the
probability level and the direction
of the effect.
38. 10. The findings are compared and
contrasted with that of other
previous studies and
interpretations are made thereof.
