The document provides guidance on writing the results and discussion chapter of a capstone project. It outlines intended learning outcomes, including producing findings, demonstrating objectives were accomplished, analyzing and interpreting results, and writing Chapter 4. It emphasizes answering all specific objectives from Chapter 1, discussing results with tables, graphs, figures or code, and relating findings to literature. Objectives should guide literature, methodology and experiments. Graphs should clearly present quantitative data and connect evidence to claims.

1. WRITING RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
CAP 102 – CAPSTONE PROJECT 2

2. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
■ At the end of this chapter, the student is expected to:
– Produce the findings of the study;
– Demonstrate and show that the objectives of the project were accomplished;
– Analyze the results of the study or project;
– Interpret and discuss the results, and;
– Create and write appropriately the Chapter IV of the Capstone Project.

3. HOW TO WRITE THE RESULTS AND
DISCUSSIONS
■ Results and discussion is required in any Computer Science theses and IT / IS
Capstone Projects.
■ This portion comes after the Methodology of the Study (Chapter 3)
■ Under the title “Results and Discussion”, ALL SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES under Chapter 1
should be answered.
■ The results should be discussed to a great extent which may be supported with
tables, graphs, figures, algorithms, or relevant source code.
■ It should be able to relate to literature and studies reviewed to reinforce or debunk
the findings.

4. IMPORTANCE OF PROPERLY
FORMULATED OBJECTIVES
■ In chapter 1, specific objectives were specified.
■ The objectives will serve as your guide as to how your literature and methodology be
designed.
■ The experiments, and results of your study will greatly rely on your methodology and
literature which is based on your objectives.

5. Graphical Representation of Mapping
Objectives

6. IMPORTANT REMINDERS!
The answers to your objectives depend on your data
instrumentation and analysis tools specified in Chapter 3.
Using figures to present your result is a good
practice. Just make sure you are able to provide
necessary discussion / clarification about the
figure.
When discussing, cite relevant literature to
support your findings. The literature can be
cited from the pool of studies you included in
your Chapter 2.
Your findings may either support or contradict
the results of the previously conducted studies.

7. COMMUNICATING EVIDENCE VISUALLY
■ Readers assess a claim by the strength of the argument supporting it,
particularly the soundness of its logic and the quality of its evidence.
■ Since readers rightly insist on evidence, particularly new evidence, you
have to be sure that they understand yours easily and see its
relevance to the claim you intend it to support.
■ That is especially so when the evidence consists of complex
quantitative data whose impact can be strengthened or weakened by
how you present them.
■ So if you have based your report on lots of complex data, particularly
quantitative data, you should now focus on how clearly you have
presented them and revise those tables and figures that do not clearly
and persuasively connect your reports of evidence to your claims.

8. COMMUNICATING EVIDENCE VISUALLY
■ Readers can get the same data
from each of those more visually
oriented representations, but they
will experience different rhetorical
effects:
– The table of numbers feels
precise and objective. It does
not impose on us any
predigested outcome. It lets us
compare the numbers
systematically and come to our
own conclusion.

9. COMMUNICATING EVIDENCE VISUALLY
■ Readers can get the same data from
each of those more visually oriented
representations, but they will
experience different rhetorical effects:
– The bar chart gives us less exact
information (though that is
compensated for by adding the
numbers above the bars). But it
visually communicates the gist of
its point quickly. It helps us make
individual comparisons.

10. COMMUNICATING EVIDENCE VISUALLY
■ Readers can get the same data
from each of those more visually
oriented representations, but
they will experience different
rhetorical effects:
– The line graph also gives us
less exact information but
offers an even more striking
image of a story. It helps us
see trends easily.