Salty OPS – Saltstack Introduction
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This document provides an introduction and overview of Saltstack, including: - The basic components of Saltstack including the salt-master, salt-minion, and salt-syndic - Common Saltstack commands like salt, salt-key, and salt-call - How to configure Saltstack including basic configuration files and directories - Examples of using Saltstack to install packages, copy files, run commands, and update systems to the newest state - Additional Saltstack features like grains, pillars, batch operations, testing commands, and troubleshooting - How to set up GitFS and collaborate using Saltstack Formulas and States repositories
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Salty OPS – Saltstack Introduction
- 1. Salty OPS – Saltstack Introduction By Walter Liu 2013/12/24
- 2. Before Saltstack (This section is borrowed slides from slideshare)
- 15. Basic components Salt-master Salt-minion Salt-syndic: for large deployment or cross data-center.
- 16. Basic files of Salt Configuration files /etc/salt/master /etc/salt/minion /etc/salt/minion_id (generated when first time start daemon) /etc/salt/pki/ (generated when first time start daemon) Log: /var/log/salt/ GITFS cache: /var/cache/salt/master/gitfs/refs/master/
- 17. Basic command salt salt –v "*" test.ping salt –v –L “web1,web2” test.ping salt –v –E “web[12]” test.ping Salt –v –N group1 test.ping salt-key –a, salt-key -d salt-call
- 18. Update to newest state salt –v '*' state.highstate
- 19. Copy file to minions salt „*‟ cp.get_file salt://path/to/file /minion/path/to/file salt „*‟ cp.get_dir salt://path/to/dir/ /minion/path/to/dir/
- 20. Information commands salt '*' sys.doc [module] salt '*' grains.items salt '*' pillar.items
- 21. Package something and Run command salt '*' pkg.install nginx salt '*' pkg.remove nginx salt '*' cmd.run ifconfig
- 22. Batch Size Use batch size to rolling web server restart. Example: salt “websvr*” –batch-size 25% apache.signal restart salt “websvr*” –batch-size 10 apache.signal restart
- 23. Troubleshooting and Test your command Use salt-call to run locally Add test=True to just view what will be done. example: salt-call -l info state.highstate test=True salt '*' state.highstate test=True salt „testsvr01‟ state.sls nginx test=True Demo: Test failed. only salt-call could see the error.
- 24. Let‟s run some examples.
- 25. Installation (CentOS) yum install salt-master yum install salt-minion yum install salt-api yum install python-halite Other OS wget -O - http://bootstrap.saltstack.org | sudo sh
- 26. Re-initialize demo environment salt "*" pkg.remove nginx salt “*” cmd.run “rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/*” salt-key -D
- 27. Add a new machine to Salt Minion: edit /etc/salt/minion Minion: hostname change to “www-01.dc1” Minion: service salt-minion start Master: salt-key -A
- 28. Configure installation in Salty way Master: edit /etc/salt/master Master: Add file top.sls Master: Add file nginx.sls Minion: salt-call -l debug state.highstate test=True Master: salt "*" state.highstate test=True Execute on master: salt "*" state.highstate
- 29. Add another new machine to salt Minion: Add another machine. (hostname) Master: salt "*" state.highstate
- 30. Add a managed config file Master: edit top.sls, add dc1 directives. Master: Add dc1/web.sls Master: Add conf/dc1/www.conf Master: salt "*" state.highstate
- 31. Add dc2 managed config file Master: edit top.sls, add dc1 directives. Master: Add dc2/web.sls Master: Add conf/dc2/www.conf Master: salt "*" state.highstate
- 32. Grains in short Key values items of minion hardware/env. Only acquire at salt-minion startup. May be used in sls/template. Let‟s see how to config by domain/hostname. Master: salt „*‟ grains.items Master: Add web_general/web.sls Master: Modify top.sls Master: Add conf/dc3/www.conf Master: salt-call „*.dc3‟ highstate test=True
- 33. Pillar in short Usage Highly Sensitive Data Minion Configuration Variables Arbitrary Data Example, DB username, password Configure config file by hostname
- 34. GITFS /etc/salt/master, change below configuration fileserver_backend: - git Gitfs_remotes: - git@gitlab…….. salt-run fileserver.update Another method: Or only use gitfs to host config files.
- 35. Check config before restart Application support check config in service reload (“init.d”). Return error code if failed. Use cmd.wait: - name: ”nginx -s reload” # do reload - onlyif: “nginx -t” # test if config is ok. - watch: - file: /etc/nginx/conf.d/my_web.conf
- 36. Collaboration RD Installation sls: “nginx.sls” User Config sls: “web_general/web.sls” User Config template: “www_redis.conf.template” OPS top.sls pillar/top.sls
- 37. Reference for writing SLS Salt Formulars on github https://github.com/saltstack-formulas Salt-states on github https://github.com/saltstack/salt-states
- 38. Halite Demo Web UI
Editor's Notes
- Other OS installation script supportedAmazon Linux 2012.09ArchCentOS 5/6Debian 6.x/7.xFedora 17/18FreeBSD 9.1GentooLinaroLinux Mint 13/14OpenSUSE 12.xRed Hat 5/6Red Hat Enterprise 5/6SmartOSSuSE 11 SP1/11 SP2Ubuntu 10.x/11.x/12.x/13.04/13.10