Submitted as part of M. Sc Ag. Agroforestry student of BHU, Varanasi, U. P.

1. RAJIVE GANDHI SOUTH CAMPOS,
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY,UP
Submitted to:
Dr. Savita Dewangan
Agronomist
Submitted by:
Nalini
M.Sc.(Ag) Agroforestry
Roll no. 20430AGF015
Department of Agroforestry

2. Bio Fuels-Pungam

3. Botanical Name : Pongamia pinnata (L), Derris indica (Lam.), Pongamia
glabra Vent.
Family :Fabaceae
Distribution
• India in- the plains from Ravi eastwards growing along rivers and up creeks in the
peninsula.
• It is found in Uttar-Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. It also grows wild in the tidal and beach
forests of Sundarbans and along stream banks as in the dunes of the seashore as in
Andaman.
• It can also be seen as a cultivated species along canal banks, roadside avenues and
along bunds.
Environmental requirement
Temperature - In its natural habitat, the maximum temperature ranges from 27 to
38°C and the minimum 1 to16°C.
Rainfall -Pungam is native to humid and subtropical environments and thrives in
areas having an annual rainfall at 500 - 2500 mm.
Topography -This species grows up to an elevation of 1200 m but in the Himalaya
foothills is not found above 600 m.

4. Soil Requirement
• Pungam can grow from stony to sandy to clayey, including verticals.
• It does not do well on dry sands.
• It is highly tolerant to salinity.
• It is common along waterways or seashore with its roots in fresh or salt water.
Phenology
• It is evergreen in favorable conditions and completely leafless,between March
and May under adverse condition.
• Fresh leaves and flowers appear immediately from April to July.
• Pods appear from January to March.
• The tree starts flowing and setting pods from the 4 to 7 years after planting.
Silvicultural Characters
• Light - It is a light demander but can tolerant shade.
• Frost - Susceptible to severe frost.
• Drought - It is a drought hardy species to certain extent.
• Flood - It can also tolerate high moisture for a short period.
• Coppicing - It is a excellent coppice.
• Root suckers-It can also produce root suckers readily.
• Pollarding - It can withstand pollarding.

5. Silviculture
Natural Regeneration
• It regenerates profusely from seeds in nature under frost condition.
• The tree naturally coppicing well and sends out root suckers in natural conditions.
Artificial Regeneration
• The trees easily established by direct seedling or by planting nursery raised
seedling or stump cuttings of 1 - 2 cm root - .collar diameter.
• Propagation by branch cutting and root suckers is also possible.
• Fresh seeds yield high germination.
• Tree will yield about 10-50 kg of seeds.
• About 1500-1700 seeds weigh are 1 kilogram.
• Seeds require no treatment before sowing and will remain viable from one year if
stored inside the pod in containers free from pest and disease attack.
Nursery Practice
• Fresh seeds are sown directly in polybags of 20 x 15 cm filled with soil, sand and
FYM in the ratio of 2:1:1.
• Seeds germinate, in 10-15 days it can be sown in mother beds and then transplanted
into polybags after germination at 30 - 40 days.
• This will help to overcome empty polybags and get uniform seedlings in nursery.

6. Planting
• Seedlings of six months to one year old are out planted in the main field into pits
of 30 cm3 or 45 cm3 at 3mx3mor5mx5m spacing.
• Application of FYM 5 kg, DAP 25 g per pit will enhance growth and
establishment.
Maintenance and After Care
• Watering - In dry localities watering during the summer months for the first two
years will give high survival percentage and good growth.
• Tending operation - Weeding around the plant for the first three years will ensure
good growth. As avenue or garden tree pruning have to be done to get a proper
bole.
• Yield - Mainly grow for its pod which yields oil of 20-25 per cent. A well grown
up tree of 5-10 years can yield 10-50 kg of seeds per tree.
• Uses - Wood is not considered as a quality timber. It is used for cabinet making,
cart wheels, agricultural implements, and tool handles. The leaves contain 18%
crude protein and is eaten by cattle and goats. Oil is used as fuel for cooking and
lamps and also as a bio-diesel. The oil cake is used in poultry feed. Dried leaves
are used as an insect repellent in stored grains.

7. Economical importance
• Crude drug for treatment of tumors, piles, skin disease and ulcers etc.
• The root Effective for treating gonorrhea, cleaning gum, teeth etc.
• Its oil is traditionally used to help with eczema and psoriasis and to promote
would healing largelly because of its very high level of omega 9 fatty acid
(50%)
• Oil used leather dressing, soap making, lubrication and illumination purposes
and also used biodiesel engines.

8. THANK YOU...