The Sagarmala program is the Government of India's strategic investment initiative worth Rs. 8.5 trillion to develop ports and coastal infrastructure around India. It aims to boost merchandise exports, generate jobs, and reduce logistics costs. Key components of the program include modernizing existing ports, developing new mega ports and coastal economic zones, and enhancing connectivity infrastructure like roads and railways between ports and industrial areas. It identifies over 500 projects across areas of port modernization, connectivity, industrialization, and community development. Successful implementation is expected to double waterways usage, save logistic costs, increase exports, and create over 10 million new jobs in 10 years.

1. SAILISH CEPHAS E
17MK09
M.E. INFRASTRUCTURE
ENGINEERING
PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
COIMBATORE

2. Sagarmala?
• Sagar- sea or ocean
• Mala- a string of
prayer beads.
• Sagarmala-
development of ports
around Indian coastal
lines in the shape of
prayer beads.

3. What is sagarmala?
The Sagarmala Program is a strategic ₹8.5 trillion (US$120 billion or
€110 billion) investment initiative of the Government of India entailing setting
up of new mega ports, modernization of India's existing ports, development of
14 Coastal Employment Zones (CEZs) and Coastal Employment Units,
enhancement of port connectivity via road, rail, multi-modal logistics parks,
pipelines & waterways and promote coastal community development,
resulting in boosting merchandise exports by US$110 billion, and generation of
around 10,000,000 direct and indirect jobs. The Sagarmala Program is the
flagship program of the Ministry of Shipping to promote port-led development
in the country through harnessing India’s 7,500 km long coastline, 14,500 km
of potentially navigable waterways and strategic location on key international
maritime trade routes.

4. Background
• The Sagarmala Program was originally mooted by the National
Democratic Alliance (India) Government under Atal Bihari
Vajpayee in 2003.
• On 25 March 2015, Cabinet gave approval for the Sagarmala
Program. The National Sagarmala Apex Committee (NSAC),
composed of the Minister of Shipping, with Cabinet Ministers from
stakeholder Ministries and Chief Ministers / Ministers in-charge of
ports of India's maritime states as members, provides policy
direction and guidance for the initiative’s implementation. The
NSAC approved the overall National Perspective Plan (NPP) and
regularly reviews the progress of implementation of these plans

5. • To assist in implementation of Sagarmala projects, the
Sagarmala Development Company Limited (SDCL) was
incorporated on 31st August 2016, after receiving
Cabinet approval on 20thJuly 2016, for providing
funding support to project SPVs and projects in-line
with Sagarmala objectives.

6. • The Indian Port Rail Corporation
Limited (IPRCL) was incorporated
on 10th July 2015 to undertake
the port-rail connectivity projects
under Sagarmala Program.

7. Need for Sagarmala
• Indian ports lags behind the Global average in Turn around time. Turn
around time at major ports in India are approximately 4 to 5 days whereas
the Global average is 1 day
• To optimize the logistics costs for existing and future capacities. 94% of
Indian freight uses either road or rail for transportation of goods. It creates
an idle time in transit. Increasing the internal water transport system will
reduce the idle time. And cost of transportation via waterways is cheap.
Mode of Transportation Transportation Cost (Rs/Ton-Km)
Road 2.0-3.0
Rail 1.2-1.5
Waterways 0.2-0.3
Pipelines 0.1-0.15

8. Objectives

11. The scheme
S. No. Project Theme No. of Projects Project Cost (Rs. Million)
1. Port Modernization 245
₹1,416,410 million (US$21 billion or
€18 billion)
2. Connectivity Enhancement 210
₹2,444,640 million (US$36 billion or
€30 billion)
3. Port-Linked Industrialization 57
₹4,639,700 million (US$68 billion or
€58 billion)
4.
Coastal Community
Development
65
₹69,760 million (US$1.0 billion or
€870 million)
Total 577
₹8,570,500 million (US$120 billion or
€110 billion)
As of 31-Mar-2018, a total of 492 projects (Rs₹4.255630 lakh
crore (US$62 billion)) were under various stages of implementation,
development and completion.

12. Port-Modernization
• Since about more than 90% of India's trade by volume is conducted via the
country’s maritime route, there is a continuous need to develop India's ports and
trade related infrastructure to accelerate growth in the manufacturing industry
and to assist the 'Make in India' initiative.

14. Proposed new ports
S .
No.
New Port
Location
State Present Status
1. Tajpur
West
Bengal
DPR under preparation
2.
Paradip Outer
Harbour
Odisha DPR under preparation.
3. Sirkazhi
Tamil
Nadu
Techno Economic Feasibility Report(TEFR)
prepared.
4. Enayam
Tamil
Nadu
In principle approval obtained for setting up
Major Port at Enayam. DPR under
preparation.
5. Belikeri
Karnatak
a
Techno Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR)
prepared.
6. Vadhavan
Maharas
htra
DPR under preparation.

15. Port-connectivity enhancement
• Under Sagarmala Program, endeavor is to provide enhanced
connectivity between the ports and the domestic
production/consumption centers. More than 210 connectivity
projects have been identified.

16. Some of the types of connectivity projects considered are listed below:
• Coastal Berths at various major and non-major ports
• National waterways prioritized for development in the first phase
• Heavy haul rail corridor from Talcher to Paradip
• Connectivity to Dedicated freight corridors
• Last mile rail and road connectivity projects
• Major rail connectivity projects
• Freight friendly Expressway projects connecting the major ports
• Development of Multi-Modal Logistics Parks
• POL Pipelines

18. Port-linked Industrialization
• For port linked industrialization, development of coastal economic
zones and coastal economic clusters have been made.
• A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which business and
trade laws are different from the rest of the country. SEZs are
located within a country's national borders, and their aims include:
increased trade, increased investment, job creation and effective
administration. To encourage businesses to set up in the zone,
financial policies are introduced.

19. Coastal Economic Zones(CEZ)

23. • In November 2017, with the development of first Special
Economic Zone centered around the busiest cargo ports in
India that handles 40% of India’s export-import
volume, Jawaharlal Nehru Port east of Mumbai, was initiated.
Several large companies from telecom, auto and IT sectors are
expected to bid for the 200 hectares of export-oriented
manufacturing units in the SEZ to reduce export logistics cost,
thus also generating direct jobs by infusing new technology,
investment and world's best management practices.

24. Type of Cluster Total Potential Location
cluster Rs. Cr
Bulk
Petrochemical 4 18,080 Ennore (Tamil Nadu), Gujarat, Kakinada (AP)
Power 4 108,897
Krishnapatanam (AP), Ennore (Tamil Nadu),
Maharashtra, Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu)
Steel 2 154,000 Ennore (Tamil Nadu), Southern Maharashtra
Cement 2 49,000 Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
Discrete
Manufacturing
Apparel 3 9,963
Saurashtra (Gujarat), Central Andhra Pradesh
and Vidarbha (Maharashtra)
Leather &
Footwear
3 5,640 Bihar, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
Food Processing 3 387
Satara (Maharashtra), Kakinada (AP), Andhra
Pradesh
Furniture 2 4,516 Kutch (Gujarat), Bihar
Electronics 11 50,005
North Maharashtra, Velum Teluka (Goa), Tamil
Nadu, AP, Gujarat, Parganas, West Bengal,
Bhubneshwar (Odisha), Ernakulam (Kerala),
Tunda (Gujarat), Chittor (AP), Tirupati (AP)
Auto 1 4,465 Sanand (Gujarat)
Maritime Maritime 2 900 Tamil Nadu
Total 37 405,854
Industrial & Maritime Clusters Planned under Sagarmala

25. Coastal Community Development
• Approximately 18% of India's population lives in the 72 coastal
districts and that comprise 12% India's mainland. Since these
people are critical stakeholders ensuring their well being is
important.
• A Community Development Fund (CDF) have been created to fund
projects related to community development under sagarmala.
• Under this fund, skill development for coastal communities and
marine fishermen community development programs is to be
made.

26. Private companies involved in
sagarmala
 Techno-economic feasibility studies,
master planning, detailed project report
and detailed engineering services
required for developing the port.
 Dhamra port Engineering services,
preparing reports.
 consulting, program and construction
management, strategic planning,
procurement, architecture planning,
energy management, and infrastructure
planning services.

27. Coastal Tourism
• For promoting tourism in maritime states under Sagarmala, projects have
been identified in convergence with Ministry of Tourism and tourism
development departments of maritime state governments. Key coastal
tourism projects include:
• Development of Coastal Circuits under Swadesh Darshan Scheme of
Ministry of Tourism
• Development of infrastructure for promoting Cruise tourism
• Development of lighthouses
• National Maritime Heritage Museum Complex at Lothal
• Underwater viewing gallery and restaurant at Beyt Dwarka

28. Impact of sagarmala
• The projects identified under Sagarmala Program are
expected to mobilize more than Rs.7 Lack Crore of
infrastructure investment, double the share of domestic
waterways (inland & coastal) in the modal mix, generate
logistic cost savings of Rs.35,000-40,000 Crore per
annum, boost merchandize exports by USD 110 Billion
and enable creation of 1 Cr new jobs, including 40 Lac
direct jobs, in the next 10 years.